scholarly journals Material Deprivation and Consumption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basak Kus ◽  
Brian Nolan ◽  
Christopher T. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Direct Measures

This article examines material deprivation and consumption in relation to poverty. In a developing country context, manifest material deprivation and inadequate levels of consumption have always been central to the conceptualization of poverty and living standards. Direct measures of failure to meet “basic needs” are widely used alongside income-based measures such as the World Bank’s “dollar a day” standard. In contrast, both research and official poverty monitoring in rich countries tend to rely on household income. This article begins with a review of recent research on material deprivation, seen primarily as a means to go “beyond income” in capturing poverty and exclusion. It then considers the mismatch between low income and measured deprivation, along with the notion of multidimensionality and the measurement issues raised in the implementation of multidimensional approaches. Finally, it analyzes conceptual and empirical issues relating to the contrast between income and consumption.

Are Low Income Countries Catching up or Falling Further Behind? Evidence from Income and Demographic Indicators

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
N. Kakwani ◽  
K. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The main objective of this paper is to measure changes in living conditions in one hundred and ten countries of the World during the period 1961 to 1990. Our concern is whether the economic and social gap is narrowing or widening. We also examine in which countries has there been a consistent improvement in average living standards. The standard of living is measured in terms of (a) per capita income, (b) life expectancy at birth and (c) infant mortality rate. The justification of these indicators is provided in terms of functionings and capabilities.

scholarly journals STUDI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DI KECAMATAN BATULAYAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Novita Angriani ◽  
Wuryantoro Wuryantoro ◽  
Amiruddin Amiruddin
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Standing Problem

ABSTRAK Rendahnya penghasilan nelayan tradisional merupakan masalah yang sudah lama, namun masalah ini masih belum dapat diselesaikan hingga sekarang, karena terlalu kompleks. Hal ini tidak hanya berkaitan dengan sosioekonomi, namun berkait pula dengan lingkungan dan teknologi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganlisis pendapatan rumah tangga nelayan dan kontribusi pendapatan yang bersumber dari usaha tanggkapan ikan terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga nelayan, serta menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan rumahtangga nelayan di Kecamatan Batulayar Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dengan mewawancarai responden sebanyak 35 responden. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif selanjutnya dideskripsikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga nelayan di Kecamatan Batulayar selama sebulan sebesar Rp 1.625.983, kontribusi pendapatan dari usaha penangkapan ikan sebesar 64,65%. Tingkat kemiskinan rumahtangga nelayan di Kecamatan Batulayar Kabupaten Lombok Barat menurut BPS, termasuk kategori miskin namun menurut Bank Dunia dikategorikan tidak miskin. ABSTRACT The low income of traditional fishermen is a long-standing problem, but this problem still cannot be resolved until now, because it  is too complex. This is not only related to socioeconomic problems, but also related to the environment and technologists. The research aims to analyze fishermen's household income and the contribution of income derived from fish farming to the income of fishermen households, and to  analyze the welfare level of fishermen households in Batulayar District,  West Lombok  Regency. The study applied descriptive methods, while collecting data were  done with survey techniques, by interviewing 35 respondent. Collected data were analyzed using  quantitative and qualitative analysis and was subsequently described. The results of the study show the average income of fisherman households in Batulayar District for a month was Rp. 1,625,983, with the contribution of income from fishing  to fishermen's household income by 64.65%. The welfare level of fishermen households in Batulayar District, West Lombok Regency according to BPS is categorized as poor but according to the World Bank it is categorized as not poor

Youth poverty and social exclusion in the UK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldin Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Youth Transitions

Eldin Fahmy examines the nature, extent and social distribution of youth deprivation and social exclusion amongst 16-29 year olds living in Britain. He explores our understanding of youth marginality and disadvantage, through supplement income data with direct measures of deprivation of living standards and exclusion from customary norms. There is a focus on the social profile of vulnerability amongst young people, beyond relative low-income measures. He compares data for 1990, 1999 and 2012 to explore young people’s vulnerability and disadvantage in the context of youth transitions and disadvantage.

scholarly journals INEQUALTIY PANDEMIC: NEW DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL DISPARITY UNDER CORONACRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR D. MILOVIDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Social Disparity

The article examines the problem of inequality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has significantly changed the usual criteria for assessing inequality, revealing the significant vulnerability of citizens living mainly in highly developed countries of the world. These countries have modern health care and welfare system with lower poverty levels than one in low-income developing countries. Based on the methodological approaches of the theory of social choice and the theory of economic welfare, the author shows the transformation of views on inequality and notes a decrease in economic factors of inequality with a significant increase in non-economic, subjective, behavioral factors. The article analyzes the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases in different countries and indicators of economic growth, globalization, health security of citizens, and those characterizing people’s living standards. The author analyses data for individual countries and regions of the world.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, DANA ALOKASI UMUM DAN DANA BAGI HASIL TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINANDI KOTA MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Konny J.E Rasu ◽  
Anderson G. Kumenaung ◽  
Rosalina A.M Koleangan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Special Location ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK Kemiskinan adalah sebuah kondisi ketidakmampuan seseorang dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasarseperti makanan, pakaian, tempat berlindung, dan kesehatan. Kondisi ketidakmampuan ini ditandai dengan rendahnya kemampuan pendapatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok baik berupa pangan, sandang, maupun papan. Kemampuan pendapatan yang rendah ini juga akan berdampak berkurangnya kemampuan untuk memenuhi standar hidup rata-rata seperti standar kesehatan masyarakat dan standar pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh PAD, DAU, DAK dan DBH terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Kota Manado.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pendapatan Asli Daerah berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan artinya jika pendapatan asli daerah meningkat, tingkat kemiskinan akan mengalami penurunan.  Dana Alokasi Umum berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kemiskinan artinya apabila dana lokasi umum meningkat maka tingkat kemiskinan akan mengalami peningkatan akan tetapi tidak signifikan. Dana Alokasi Khusus berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kemiskinan artinya apabila dana lokasi khusus meningkat maka tingkat kemiskinan akan mengalami peningkatan akan tetapi tidak signifikan. Dana Bagi Hasil berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kemiskinan artinya apabila dana bagi hasil meningkat akan menurun angka kemiskinan. Kata Kunci: PAD, DAU, DAK, DBH dan Tingkat Kemiskinan  ABSTRACT Poverty is a condition of one's inability to fulfill basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and health. This condition of incompetence is characterized by the low ability of income to fulfill basic needs in the form of food, clothing and shelter. This low income capability will also reduce the ability to meet average living standards such as public health standards and education standards. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the influence of PAD, DAU, DAK and DBH on the City Poverty Rate Manado.The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study show that the Local Original Income has a negative and significant effect on the poverty level, which means that if the regional income increases, the poverty rate will decrease. The General Allocation Fund has a positive and not significant effect on poverty, meaning that if the general location funds increase, the poverty rate will increase but not significantly. The Special Allocation Fund has a positive and insignificant effect on poverty, meaning that if special location funds increase, the poverty rate will increase but not significantly. Profit Sharing funds have a negative and not significant effect on poverty, meaning that if the profit sharing funds increase, poverty will decrease. Keywords: PAD, DAU, DAK DBH and Poverty

Eating NAFTA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyshia Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

In the two decades since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect, Mexico has seen an epidemic of diet-related illness. While globalization has been associated with an increase in chronic disease around the world, in Mexico, the speed and scope of the rise has been called a public health emergency. The shift in Mexican foodways is happening at a moment when the country’s ancestral cuisine is now more popular and appreciated around the world than ever. What does it mean for their health and well-being when many Mexicans eat fewer tortillas and more instant noodles, while global elites demand tacos made with handmade corn tortillas? This book examines the transformation of the Mexican food system since NAFTA and how it has made it harder for people to eat as they once did. The book contextualizes NAFTA within Mexico’s approach to economic development since the Revolution, noticing the role envisioned for rural and low-income people in the path to modernization. Examination of anti-poverty and public health policies in Mexico reveal how it has become easier for people to consume processed foods and beverages, even when to do so can be harmful to health. The book critiques Mexico’s strategy for addressing the public health crisis generated by rising rates of chronic disease for blaming the dietary habits of those whose lives have been upended by the economic and political shifts of NAFTA.

Remittance and Economic Development of Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Badri Narayan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Sources Of Capital

Nepal is one of the least developed but high remittances recipient countries in the world. Nepal received remittance from US$ 8.1 billion in 2016 and it is ranked 23rd among the remittance receiving countries in the world. Remittance income is one of the major sources of capital formation in the context of Nepal. It is directly related with the labour migration in a country which in return enhances foreign employment. Remittances have become a major contributing factor to increasing household income as well as country’s GDP. About 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes in the form of remittance money which is sent home by Nepalese working abroad and it helps to reduce country’s poverty rate. Poverty reduction took place in Nepal from 42 percent (1995/96) to 25.2 percent (2010/11). Nepal’s remittance recipients reached 31.5 percent GDP in 2015. The total amount of remittance in the country is 259 billion and among which 20 percent is internal sources, 11 percent from India and 69 percent from Gulf countries. Remittance received by the households is mainly used for daily consumption (79 percent) and remaining other purposes. Moreover, Nepal’s economic status mostly depends on remittance received which is therefore migration driven economy.

Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

Understanding Rising Income Inequality and Stagnating Ordinary Living Standards in Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch ◽  
Thorsten Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes how inequality and real incomes have evolved in Germany through the period from the 1980s, through reunification, up to the economic Crisis and its aftermath. It brings out how reunification was associated with a prolonged stagnation in real wages. It emphasizes how the distinctive German structures for wage bargaining were eroded over time, and the labour market and tax/transfer reforms of the late 1990s-early/mid-2000s led to increasing dualization in the labour market. The consequence was a marked increase in household income inequality, which went together with wage stagnation for much of the 1990s and subsequently. Coordination between government, employers, and unions still sufficed to avoid the impact the economic Crisis had on unemployment elsewhere, but the German social model has been altered fundamentally over the period

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