scholarly journals Democratization and Civic Capital

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Guiso ◽  
Paolo Pinotti
Keyword(s):  
Voting Rights ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The South ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
The North ◽  
Civic Capital ◽  
Post War ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Sense

This chapter documents a sharp reversal in electoral participation between the North and the South of Italy after the 1912 enfranchisement which extended voting rights from a limited élite to (almost) all adult males. When voting was restricted to the élite, electoral turnout was higher in the South but falls significantly below that in the North after the enfranchisement. This gap has never been bridged over the following century and participation remains lower in the South despite the enrichment of democratic institutions and extension of voting rights to women during the post-war democratic republic. This pattern is consistent with a simple theoretical framework in which individuals' voting in political elections is affected by private benefits and civic duty. Only elites can grab private benefits from participation in politics, and civic culture differs across communities. Extension of voting rights to non-elites results in a significant transfer of power to their political organizations only among populations with a high sense of civic duties. Together with the gap in participation between North and South our findings suggest that democratization can benefit non-elites only when the latter have already a high sense of civic capital and is unlikely to induce norms of civic behavior.

Did Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison “Cause” the U.S. Government Shutdown? The Institutional Path from an Eighteenth Century Republic to a Twenty-first Century Democracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Party System ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The South ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
Separated Powers

This address asks how we got to today’s politics in America; a politics of polarized political parties engaged in close political competition in a system of checks and balances. The result has often been divided control of government and an apparent inability to address major political problems. This address develops the historical foundation for these characteristics. Historically, the Founding period set the stage of separated powers and the first party system. America developed a market economy, a middle class, and a mass-based set of parties in the Antebellum period. Through the Progressive era, nation-wide reforms led to a more democratic but increasingly candidate-centered politics in the North, and the establishment of Jim Crow politics in the South. The post-War period saw the full development of candidate-centered elections. While the breakup of Jim Crow due to the Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts in the mid-1960s ended Jim Crow and made possible a competitive party system in the South, the later was delayed until the full implementation of the Republican’s “southern strategy” in 1980 and beyond. This set in motion the partisan polarization of today, to combine with separated powers to create what many refer to as the “current” political “dysfunction.”

Perspektiven

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-208
Author(s):  
Niklas Schmich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Jose Ortega Y Gasset ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Link ◽  
Post War

AbstractThis article is based on the correspondence between the first editors of the German cultural magazine Merkur (since 1947) and the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, archived in the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach. By taking a comparative approach to the journal Revista de Occidente (since 1923) and the Merkur, this article explores how the publications reacted to their reception of crisis in different European cultures and thereby promoted a particular idea of European and national intellectual renewal. This was a crucial dynamic of their respective post-war discourses. An important link was the romance philologist Ernst Robert Curtius, who published in the Spanish magazine and whose critical essayistic work set in motion a transfer of ideas from the South to the North.

In the Land of Nagar: a survey around Tell Brak

Iraq ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eidem ◽  
D. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Suitable Generalization ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Triangular Area ◽  
Southern Fringe ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Geomorphological Features

During the campaign at Tell Brak in the spring of 1988 the present authors conducted a survey of tells in the vicinity of the site. Although comprehensive, the work was primarily intended to supplement the 1978 survey by K. Fielden, who investigated the sites surrounding the main tell at Brak itself and those on the lower Jaghjagh between the junction with the Wadi Radd and the modern town of Hassake, with a particular view to fourth and third millennium settlement (Fielden 1978/9).Within a rectangle of c. 170 km covered by the survey almost all the ancient settlements are found in a roughly triangular area half this size (its base being the lower Jaghjagh/Radd to the south and its apex immediately south of Tell Barri). Identifying this area as the “hinterland” of Brak is merely a locally suitable generalization, as Brak belongs to several systems, one being the macro-system of large urban centres scattered across the Habur Plains and adjacent areas, and another the micro-system of smaller settlements in the immediate vicinity of Brak itself. Brak was an important centre from prehistoric times until the late second millennium B.C., but its role necessarily changed through time, and the concomitant changes in the extent of the area economically and politically dependent upon it remain difficult to recognize. In this sense the area covered by our survey can be seen as partly arbitrary, partly reflecting some real limits. To the south, the French 1: 200,000 maps indicate further small sites on the southern fringe of the area visited, and further west on the lower Jaghjagh, beyond the area investigated by us, are numerous sites clustering along the banks of the wadi and its small affluents, many fairly large and with material of late fourth millennium and third millennium date. This area is relevant when studying the Brak hinterland, but it cannot be evaluated before the publication of the evidence collected by K. Fielden. The area to the north certainly overlaps, at least for certain periods, the hinterland of Tell Barri. Directly west and east of Brak, the cartographic gaps within and beyond the present survey are real or nearly so. To the west/northwest the modern village may obscure evidence, but apart from sites on the first affluent of the lower Jaghjagh there seems to be a fairly wide area here with little ancient occupation. Finally, to the east our area meets that surveyed by Meijer, and his map shows only two additional tells (Meijer 1986, Fig. 1, Nos. 269a and 269b), both Islamic. The two neighbouring sites (our Nos. 33 and 34) appear to be geomorphological features and not tells. The area covered should thus include most of the sites belonging to the micro-system of settlement around Tell Brak.

Van basisarts tot public health: verschillende wegen om naar Rome te reizen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CRIEL ◽  
J. DE LEPELEIRE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

From medical doctor to public health: different ways to travel to Rome Public health aims at health promotion through an organized societal effort. The Alma Ata declaration laid the broad conceptual foundation for public health and primary care in developing countries (the South) and industrialized countries (the North). Family medicine evolved to a professional practice where a community focus is also important. The introduction of the ‘personal medical record’ and the design of primary care areas in Flanders are anchor points for the development of public health in our country. In developing countries and more specifically in Africa, a structured population approach to health care is since long more evident, amongst others through the development of health districts. The evolution of the post-war period that the authors experienced and describe, makes it clear that public health must be a combination of care for the population and the individual: an ‘and-and’ story, in situations where contexts may strongly differ but where basic objectives remain similar. Thereby, the North can learn from the district experiences in the South, and the South from the power of primary care and general practice in the North.

First Polish Greenland Expedition 1937: on the 80th anniversary of the event

Polar Record ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Migała ◽  
Tymoteusz Sawiński ◽  
Jacek Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
The South ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
Eastern Edge ◽  
Comprehensive Study

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the first Polish expedition to Greenland in 1937. The fieldwork was carried out in western Greenland at the eastern edge of Arfersiorfik Fjord between Disko Bay in the north and Nordre Strömfjord in the south. The main goal was to undertake a comprehensive study of a fragment of the Greenland ice sheet edge and its foreland focusing on a cartographic survey. The first ever map of this region entitled The Polish expedition to give new names. In the post-war history, expedition members exerted great influence on the development of Polish polar research.

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF TORNADOES AND SQUALLS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION IN 2006-2020

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semerhei-Chumachenko A. B. ◽  
Agayar E. V. ◽  
Zhuk D. O.
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Almost All ◽  
North Western

Tornadoes and strong squalls are dangerous for almost all spheres of human life and the economy of the region. The degree of negative impact depends on their type, quantity, intensity, area of formation and geographical features of the territory. The article defines the dynamics of the number of tornadoes and strong squalls in the North-Western Black Sea region (Odessa, Nikolayev and Kherson regions of Ukraine) from 2006 to 2020.Geographical position of the south-west of Ukraine, synoptic processes and a variety of climatic conditions contribute to the frequent occurrence of severe convective phenomena and creating the extraordinary complexity of their space-time distribution. The study revealed current trends in the formation of dangerous convective phenomena in the south-west of Ukraine. One of the most squall-prone regions of Ukraine is the territory of the North-Western Black Sea region. During 2006-2020 there was an increase in the number of squalls and tornadoes in the North-Western Black Sea region in comparison with previous years.

scholarly journals Positive or negative voting premium: What happened to private benefits in Italy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sancetta ◽  
Nicola Cucari ◽  
Salvatore Esposito De Falco
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Private Benefit ◽  
Private Benefits Of Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Voting Premium ◽  
Almost All

A large body of research deals with voting premium as a proxy of private benefit of control. Almost all of them find positive voting premium, in particular in Italy. Therefore appears interesting to ask what is the current status of private benefits of control in Italy in the last decade (2007-2017). Surprisingly, we show three major findings: i) reduction of non-voting share in the Italian scenario; ii) prevalence of negative voting rights premium more than positive ones, thus conflicting with the assumption and the observations by other researchers; iii) limits of the voting premium method. Our aim is that this study, despite its limitations, may encourage further researches focused on the analysis of the improvement and the change in the Italian corporate governance. The article points out that interesting evidence already exists, although still much remains to do in the future.

scholarly journals III. On the orientation of certain Greek temples and the dates of their foundation derived from astronomical considerations, being a supplement to a paper on the same subject published in the Transactions of the Royal Society in 1893

1897 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Angular Distance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple

The paper now presented to the Royal Society is a sequel to one on the same subject read here on April 27, 1893, and published in the Transactions for that year. In that paper the subject was explained at some length; it will, therefore, be unnecessary in this to repeat more than a very few explanatory observations. The aim of this inquiry is to deduce the date of the foundation of a Greek (or Egyptian) temple from its orientation, but I confine myself entirely to Greek temples, in which, however, the same practice was followed which had previously been reduced to a system in Egypt ( vide ‘ Dawn of Astronomy,’ by Sir J. N. Lockyer). Almost all the temples in Greece and its Colonies had an Easterly frontage, and the principal religious function in each temple took place on the morning of the day when the sun, as it rose above the visible horizon, shone through the open Eastern door directly upon the sanctuary, where there was usually a statue of the deity in the centre. As some time was requisite for the priests to prepare for the ceremony, the orientation of the temple was so directed as to combine with the sunrise the previous heliacal rising or setting of some conspicuous star which could also be observed from the sanctuary. In the absence of clocks the heliacal rising or setting of stars was very greatly observed by the ancients—the meaning of the term being that the star, when very slightly above the horizon, should just be visible in the twilight, before being extinguished by the dawn. The angle of the orientation depended primarily on the time of year chosen for the principal festival, but it would be liable to a slight modification for the sake of combining an heliacal star with the sunrise, and it is the latter consideration which offers the means of determining the date of foundation, because the stars, owing to the precession of the equinoxes, are affected by a slow, but steady movement, which alters the amplitude, as it is called, of their rising or setting—viz., the angular distance from the true East or West as the case may be, and which is reckoned positive if towards the North, and negative if towards the South.

What Is to Be Done? A Look at Some Causes and Consequences of the African Brain Drain

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
George J. Sefa Dei ◽  
Alireza Asgharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Electronic Technology ◽  
The South ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The North ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

Defined primarily in terms of the exodus of the highly talented from the Southern countries to the North, the phenomenon known as “brain drain” has gained in importance during recent decades and years. Changing global conditions, unprecedented developments in information and electronic technology, globalization, and widening of the gap between the South and the North have focused attention on the brain drain. We begin this article by discussing the nature of the brain drain, briefly noting that it occurs in three settings: internal, regional, and global. Our argument here is that brain drain occurs in almost all societies, initially from poorer and impoverished rural areas to relatively rich and developing urban centers within national boundaries and later (or sometimes concurrently) to more developed and wealthy regions and neighboring countries.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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