Rose (Rosa hybrida) Ethylene Responsive Factor 3 Promotes Rose Flower Senescence via Direct Activation of The Abscisic Acid Synthesis-Related 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE Gene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Luo ◽  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Shenghai Cao ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Ruirui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Rose Flower ◽  
Transient Activation ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Dioxygenase Gene ◽  
Flower Quality

Abstract During plant senescence, energy and nutrients are transferred to young leaves, fruits or seeds. However, senescence reduces flower quality, which leads to huge economic losses in flower production. Ethylene is an important factor affecting the quality of cut roses during transportation and storage. Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are key nodes in ethylene signaling, but the molecular mechanism underlying ERFs regulated flower senescence is not well understood. We addressed this issue in the present study by focusing on RhERF3 from Rosa hybrida, an ERF identified in a previous transcriptome analysis of ethylene-treated rose flowers. Expression of RhERF3 was strongly induced by ethylene during rose flower senescence. Transient silencing of RhERF3 delayed flower senescence whereas overexpression (OE) accelerated the process. RNA sequencing analysis of RhERF3 OE and pSuper vector control samples identified 13,214 differentially expressed genes that were mostly related to metabolic process and plant hormone signal transduction. Transient activation and yeast one hybrid assays demonstrated that RhERF3 directly bound the promoter of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (RhNCED1) gene and activated gene expression. Thus, a RhERF3/RhNCED1 axis accelerates rose flower senescence.

scholarly journals Sudden death associated with Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: importance and epidemiological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
Flávio H.B. Caldeira ◽  
Geovanny B.G. Dias ◽  
Felipe P. de Arruda ◽  
Valdecy de M. Lourenço ◽  
Kalinne S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Plant Control

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of an acute disease that was characterized by sudden death associated with exercise that affected cattle in the region of the Araguaia River, especially in the municipality of Torixoréu, southeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Between August and September 2013, eighty farms in the municipality were visited and the pastures of these farms were inspected. Epidemiological questionnaires were completed from 65 farms. A plant identified as Niedenzuella stannea (N. stannea) of the Malpighiaceae family was attributed to the cause of sudden death in cattle, what causes major economic losses. Sudden death reports have occurred since 1970, when livestock was introduced into the region, and sudden death reports still occur. Outbreaks were reported to occur from May to October, but mainly during the dry season between June and August. N. stannea was identified at 41 farms and was always found in near to rivers. The most effective plant control methods included plowing the pastures and fields followed by manual application of Tordon® (Picloram and 2.4D). The administration of 5g/kg of young leaves which were collected from a farm with a sudden death history in cattle also caused sudden death in a sheep. Thus, it is concluded that the sudden death of cattle in the region of the Araguaia River is caused by the consumption of N. stannea.

scholarly journals Otitis and meningoencephalitis associated with infectious coryza (Avibacterium paragallinarum) in commercial broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Crispo ◽  
C. Gabriel Sentíes-Cué ◽  
George L. Cooper ◽  
Grace Mountainspring ◽  
Charles Corsiglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Infectious coryza, caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an acute respiratory disease of poultry that can result in substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. In March 2017, the Turlock branch of the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory system encountered an unusual clinical and pathologic presentation of infectious coryza in 6 live, 29-d-old, commercial broiler chickens that were submitted for diagnostic investigation. Antemortem evaluation revealed severe neurologic signs, including disorientation, torticollis, and opisthotonos. Swollen head–like syndrome and sinusitis were also present. Histologically, severe sinusitis, cranial osteomyelitis, otitis media and interna, and meningoencephalitis were noted, explaining the clinical signs described. A. paragallinarum was readily isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract, brain, and cranial bones. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was also detected by PCR, and IBV was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs. Based on sequencing analysis, the IBV appeared 99% homologous to strain CA1737. A synergistic effect between A. paragallinarum and IBV, resulting in exacerbation of clinical signs and increased mortality, may have occurred in this case. A. paragallinarum should be considered among the possible causes of neurologic signs in chickens. Appropriate media should be used for bacterial isolation, and the role of additional contributing factors and/or complicating agents should be investigated in cases of infectious coryza.

scholarly journals Effect of kinetin on nucleic acid synthesis in senescing and young leaves in Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-565
Author(s):  
J. Legocka ◽  
A. Szweykowska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rrna Synthesis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

In detached kohlrabi leaves senescing in the dark, the decrease in chlorophyll to was more pronounced than in chlorophyll a. The retardation by kinetin of the chlorophyll loss was also markedly stronger in the case of chlorophyll b. Using the fractionation of nucleic acids on polyacrylamide gels it has been shown that during leaf senescence the level of all RNA species decreased, whereas the amount of DNA was more or less constant. In the presence of kinetin, the loss of RNA was inhibited and the incorporation of precursor into the cytoplasmic rRNA as well as into low molecular weight RNA species was supported. Chloroplast rRNA synthesis has not been detected in mature leaves and kinetin showed no effect in this respect. In young expanding leaves detached and kept in light, the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA was strongly stimulated by kinetin, whereas in the case of Chloroplast rRNA only an inhibitory effect of kinetin could be found. The results suggest that the cytokinins are primarily involved in processes of the synthesis of cytoplasmic rRNA and low molecular RNA fractions, and in this way affect the development of plastids, in particular the course of their senescence.

scholarly journals Effects of shading on plant growth, flower quality and photosynthetic capacity of Rosa hybrida

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hou ◽  
Ya Luo ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Flower Quality

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of a partial L1 gene from bovine papillomavirus type 1 isolated from naturally occurring papilloma cases in the northwestern region of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozkan Timurkan ◽  
M. Eray Alcigir
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Northwestern Turkey ◽  
Northwestern Region

This study was aimed at the molecular characterisation of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) isolated from papilloma cases in the northwestern region of Turkey. BPV-1 is a widely occurring oncogenic virus in cattle and is associated with benign epithelial neoplasia which causes significant economic losses in dairy and beef cattle because of treatment costs. In this study, 29 suspected papilloma specimens were collected from cattle in northwestern Turkey. These samples underwent molecular characterisation via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis as well as macroscopic and histopathological examination. The histopathological examinations confirmed papilloma as the main lesion type in the specimens. Of the 29 papilloma-like tissue samples that were collected, 11 (i.e. 37.93%) were detected as positive and determined as containing BPV-1 (11 of 11, 100%). Using a partial sequence for the L1 gene acquired from GenBank, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of BPV-1 and revealed that the infection might have originated in cross bred domestic and imported cattle. This study provides potentially useful information on the origin and spread of this disease. Its results can potentially aid in the development of appropriate control measures and therapeutic or vaccination strategies against the BPV-1 strain of bovine papillomatosis.

scholarly journals The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein ZAP Restricts Human Cytomegalovirus and Selectively Binds and Destabilizes Viral UL4/UL5 Transcripts

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Markus Stempel ◽  
Emanuel Wyler ◽  
Christian Urban ◽  
Antonio Piras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Hcmv Replication

ABSTRACT Interferon-stimulated gene products (ISGs) play a crucial role in early infection control. The ISG zinc finger CCCH-type antiviral protein 1 (ZAP/ZC3HAV1) antagonizes several RNA viruses by binding to CG-rich RNA sequences, whereas its effect on DNA viruses is less well understood. Here, we decipher the role of ZAP in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, a β-herpesvirus that is associated with high morbidity in immunosuppressed individuals and newborns. We show that expression of the two major isoforms of ZAP, ZAP-S and ZAP-L, is induced during HCMV infection and that both negatively affect HCMV replication. Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated that the expression of ZAP results in reduced viral mRNA and protein levels and decelerates the progression of HCMV infection. Metabolic RNA labeling combined with high-throughput sequencing (SLAM-seq) revealed that most of the gene expression changes late in infection result from the general attenuation of HCMV. Furthermore, at early stages of infection, ZAP restricts HCMV by destabilizing a distinct subset of viral mRNAs, particularly those from the previously uncharacterized UL4-UL6 HCMV gene locus. Through enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing analysis (eCLIP-seq), we identified the transcripts expressed from this HCMV locus as the direct targets of ZAP. Moreover, our data show that ZAP preferentially recognizes not only CG, but also other cytosine-rich sequences, thereby expanding its target specificity. In summary, this report is the first to reveal direct targets of ZAP during HCMV infection, which strongly indicates that transcripts from the UL4-UL6 locus may play an important role for HCMV replication. IMPORTANCE Viral infections have a large impact on society, leading to major human and economic losses and even global instability. So far, many viral infections, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, are treated with a small repertoire of drugs, often accompanied by the occurrence of resistant mutants. There is no licensed HCMV vaccine in sight to protect those most at risk, particularly immunocompromised individuals or pregnant women who might otherwise transmit the virus to the fetus. Thus, the identification of novel intervention strategies is urgently required. In this study, we show that ZAP decelerates the viral gene expression cascade, presumably by selectively handpicking a distinct set of viral transcripts for degradation. Our study illustrates the potent role of ZAP as an HCMV restriction factor and sheds light on a possible role for UL4 and/or UL5 early during infection, paving a new avenue for the exploration of potential targets for novel therapies.

scholarly journals Pengawet untuk Menjaga Kualitas Bunga Potong Mawar Selama Penyimpanan

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Dwi Amiarsi ◽  
Rahayu Tejasarwana
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Rose Flower ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Crop Research

Bunga mawar yang dikenal saat ini merupakan hibrida yang berasal dari hasil pemuliaan tanaman selama puluhan tahun. Bunga mawar yang beredar di floris dewasa ini mempunyai variasi bentuk dan warna bunga yang menakjubkan seolah-olah tidak ada habis-habisnya kebaruannya. Varietas mawar Pergiwati dan Pergiwa merupakan salah satu produk nasional yang mempunyai warna menawan, namun sebagai bunga potong daya tahan kesegarannya masih terbatas dan perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesegarannya, khususnya dengan penggunaan pengawet. Keuntungan dari larutan pengawet ialah dapat mempertahankan mutu dan memperpanjang kesegaran bunga potong. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2006 sampai dengan Januari 2007 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Pasarminggu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengawet yang tepat dalam upaya mempertahankan masa kesegaran bunga mawar potong varietas baru yaitu Pergiwati dan Pergiwa. Penelitian menggunakan dua jenis larutan pengawet, yaitu 2,5% sukrose dengan dan tanpa 100 ppm asam benzoat. Suhu penyimpanan yaitu suhu ruang (27-31oC), 20-23oC, dan 5-10oC. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan larutan 2,5% sucrose + 100 ppm asam benzoat pada bunga mawar Pergiwati mempunyai masa kesegaran bunga 28 hari bila disimpan pada suhu 5-10oC dengan persentase bunga mekar mencapai 100%. Implementasi hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatur suplai bunga potong ke pasar.<br /><br /><br /><br />Rose flower that known this time are origin hybrids of more than 10 years of breeding process. Rose flower available on this time has attractive fine form and color as well as never ending its novelty. Rose varieties such us Pergiwati and Pergiwa generally showed short freshness as a cut flower, therefore to prolong the vaselife, a special treatment should be addressed and application of preservative has potential for this purpose. The advantages of applying preservatives are not only can keep the freshness, but also can maintain flower quality. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Physiological Product of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute from September 2006 to January 2007. The research objective was to find out the proper preservative combinations to lengthen the freshness of rose cut flower of new varieties i.e. Pergiwati and Pergiwa. Two types of preservative used in the study were 2,5% sucrose with or without 100 ppm benzoic acid. Temperature ranges of flower storage tested in the experiment were 27-31oC, 20-23oC, and 5-10oC. The factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that using the preservative solution containing 2.5% sucrose + 100 ppm benzoic acid for Pergiwati rose cut flower could prolong the flower freshness up to 28 days at 5-10oC storage with 100% opened-buds. The result implied that the supply of rose cut flower can be regulated through application of the preservative composition.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of Geotrichum citri-aurantii on citrus reveal the potential pathogenic- and guazatine resistance-related genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhao ◽  
DeYao Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Zhonghuan Tian ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
High Quality Genome

Abstract Background: Citrus grow in more than 100 countries and is one of the most produced fruit genus. Sour rot, caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii , is a major postharvest disease of citrus，and it causes economic losses. In recent years, the disease had a rising trend year by year. In this study, the genome sequence of G. citri-aurantii and transcriptome sequence of pathogenic- and guazatine resistance were sequenced with a view to explore the potential pathogenic mechanism and drug resistance mechanism of G. citri-aurantii on citrus. Results: We sequenced a high-quality genome sequence of G. citri-aurantii by SMRT. This sequence encodes 6,783 predicted genes of the 28.1-Mb G. citri-aurantii genome. Approximately 5.43 Gb of clean data were obtained after Hi-C sequencing, and a 27.94-Mb genomic sequence was positioned to the 10 chromosome groups after Hi-C assembly , accounting for 99.43% of the previously measured G. citri-aurantii genome. In the process of studying pathogenic mechanisms, the content of polygalacturonase (PG) and polymethylgalacturonase (PMG) was considerably increased in the Newhall navel orange infected by G. citri-aurantii. Then, three polygalacturonase (PG) genes (EVM0005942, EVM0004416, EVM0002276) related to pathogenicity were identified and the expression level was significantly increased during the infection by quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, G. citri-aurantii is only sensitive to the chemical fungicide guazatine. Massive guazatine use has led to evolution of the wild G. citri-aurantii in citrus-producing areas. Owing to its uniqueness, RNA sequencing analysis of guazatine-resistance showed that the guazatine-resistance of G. citri-aurantii is may related to two ABC transporter family genes, six MFS transporter family genes and two MATE transporter family genes. Conclusions: We found three polygalacturonase (PG) genes related to pathogenicity and ten genes related to guazatine-resistance from molecular level. Our research may provide novel insights into the effective control of this pathogen. Keywords: Geotrichum citri-aurantii , citrus, genome, pathogenicity, guazatine, drug resistance

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa Co-Cultured with Algicidal Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8615
Author(s):  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Xiaoxia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Algicidal Bacteria ◽  
Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Harmful algal blooms caused huge ecological damage and economic losses around the world. Controlling algal blooms by algicidal bacteria is expected to be an effective biological control method. The current study investigated the molecular mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria disrupted by algicidal bacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa was co-cultured with Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj, and RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed compared to M. aeruginosa, which was cultivated separately. A total of 1706 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In the co-cultured group, the expression of genes mainly enriched in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly inhibited. However, the expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis increased. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, was increased. These results suggested that B. laterosporus could block the electron transport by attacking the PSI system and complex I of M. aeruginosa, affecting the energy acquisition and causing oxidative damage. This further led to the lipid peroxidation of the microalgal cell membrane, resulting in algal death. The transcriptional analysis of algicidal bacteria in the interaction process can be combined to explain the algicidal mechanism in the future.

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