Calling the Police: Dispatchers as Important Interpreters and Manufacturers of Calls for Service Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rylan Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Police Dispatchers ◽  
Service Data

Abstract Policing has historically been conceptualized as a team sport which requires the work of many to produce the output of one. Although police officers have been the focus of much policing research, it is important to recognize that the work of officers hinges upon the work of dispatchers. As a lifeline for both citizens and police officers, dispatchers play an integral role in ensuring that help is provided where help is required via their management of the emergency (911) telephone and radio system. Despite their importance, however, dispatchers have largely been excluded from mainstream criminological scholarship. Supplemented by a narrative review of the scant literature on the subject of dispatching, this commentary illustrates the important role of dispatchers in policing operations, theorizes the dearth of research regarding dispatchers, and calls for future research to better understand their discretionary and interpretive work. This commentary thus casts light on these highly important but understudied and undertheorized figures in the policing nexus.

scholarly journals Tocopherols and Tocotrienols—Bioactive Dietary Compounds; What Is Certain, What Is Doubt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6222
Author(s):  
Kacper Szewczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Chojnacka ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are natural compounds of plant origin, available in the nature. They are supplied in various amounts in a diet, mainly from vegetable oils, some oilseeds, and nuts. The main forms in the diet are α- and γ-tocopherol, due to the highest content in food products. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol is the main form of vitamin E with the highest tissue concentration. The α- forms of both tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered as the most metabolically active. Currently, research results indicate also a greater antioxidant potential of tocotrienols than tocopherols. Moreover, the biological role of vitamin E metabolites have received increasing interest. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge of tocopherol and tocotrienol bioactivity, with a particular focus on their bioavailability, distribution, and metabolism determinants in humans. Almost one hundred years after the start of research on α-tocopherol, its biological properties are still under investigation. For several decades, researchers’ interest in the biological importance of other forms of vitamin E has also been growing. Some of the functions, for instance the antioxidant functions of α- and γ-tocopherols, have been confirmed in humans, while others, such as the relationship with metabolic disorders, are still under investigation. Some studies, which analyzed the biological role and mechanisms of tocopherols and tocotrienols over the past few years described new and even unexpected cellular and molecular properties that will be the subject of future research.

Social capital in the theory and research of LIS professionals in the light of the literature on the subject. Review of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
Rural Libraries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present the latest scholarly trends in the field of social capital in libraries, to review research concepts published by LIS professionals and to suggest further research possibilities in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a review and critical analysis of literature associated with research on social capital in libraries to highlight its importance for the development of LIS and its impact on the functioning of environments linked with various types of libraries. The goal of literature analysis was to determine the current condition of research on social capital in libraries. The main trends were identified and the need for further qualitative analyses, which are missing at the moment, was confirmed. Findings It was determined that, so far, LIS professionals have focussed mainly on the role of municipal libraries in developing social capital, the problem of building trust, especially in immigrant circles and the impact of libraries on promoting a civil society. Academic libraries, rural libraries, organisational capital in libraries and individual social capital of librarians were a much less frequent subject of research. The role of libraries in developing social capital in educational (primary and secondary education) and professional (non-university professionals) circles is practically non-existent in research, and it will require in-depth studies and analyses in the coming years. Originality/value This paper constitutes a synthetic review of the latest research concepts concerning social capital in libraries. It identifies the most important research trends and areas that so far have not been explored and suggests research methods to help LIS professionals design future research in this area more effectively.

Neformalni obrazovni kontekst i nastava prirode i društva u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu – metodički pristup i značaj

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Pivaš
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Paradigm ◽  
Informal Context

Equally effective and demanding for all students, the traditional paradigm prevents independent acquisition of knowledge in a changed social context. Students should be able to independently research and analyze natural and social phenomena and processes. The role of the teacher is to create a complete picture, and not to interpret the content knowledge as biological, geographical, or historical. To avoid the passivity of students in the teaching process, it is necessary to choose an informal context and adapt it to the content being learned. In this paper, we have tried to point out the importance of an integrative approach in the non-formal educational context within the content of the subject Science and Social studies. We have presented the practical implication regarding natural and social contents. Lack of resources, time and interest of teachers are cited as obstacles to this way of working. In addition to pointing out the effective application of the informal context in a changed social context, we also provided suggestions for future research to improve teaching practice.

Understanding the Criminogenic Properties of Vacant Housing: A Mixed Methods Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Porter ◽  
Alaina De Biasi ◽  
Susanne Mitchell ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Eric Jefferis
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Crime ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Interesting Variation ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Spatial Video ◽  
Vacant Housing

Objectives: Abandoned houses may attract or generate crime; however, little is known about the nature of this relationship. Our study is aimed at better understanding this link. Methods: Focusing on a high-crime neighborhood in Ohio, we use spatial video and calls for service (CFS) to examine how crime changed on streets where abandoned homes were removed. We also draw on the insights of 35 ex-offenders, police officers, and residents to examine how and why abandoned houses are connected to crime in this locale. Results: On average, streets where abandoned houses were razed accounted for a lower proportion of neighborhood crime after removal. Also, a lower proportion of total CFS from these streets related to serious crime. Our narrative data indicate that abandoned houses are opportunistic because they provide cover, unoccupied spaces, and are easy targets. Conclusions: The removal of abandoned housing was associated with positive changes in crime overall; however, our approach revealed interesting variation across streets. We surmise that the relevance of a particular abandoned house may be contingent on the larger context of that street or neighborhood. In order to understand these dynamics, future research should continue to “drill down” into micro-spaces.

scholarly journals Reflections on dynamic consent in biomedical research: the story so far

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet J. A. Teare ◽  
Megan Prictor ◽  
Jane Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Dynamic Consent ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
And Control

AbstractDynamic consent (DC) was originally developed in response to challenges to the informed consent process presented by participants agreeing to ‘future research’ in biobanking. In the past 12 years, it has been trialled in a number of different projects, and examined as a new approach for consent and to support patient engagement over time. There have been significant societal shifts during this time, namely in our reliance on digital tools and the use of social media, as well as a greater appreciation of the integral role of patients in biomedical research. This paper reflects on the development of DC to understand its importance in an age where digital health is becoming the norm and patients require greater oversight and control of how their data may be used in a range of settings. As well as looking back, it looks forwards to consider how DC could be further utilised to enhance the patient experience and address some of the inequalities caused by the digital divide in society.

A Conceptual Model of Manufacturing Focus

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil C. Bozarth
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Despite the importance given to manufacturing focus in the literature, the subject area continues to suffer from three interrelated problems: lack of agreement with regard to the meaning of “focus” the absence of a conceptual framework for integrating the existing body of research; and uncertainty with regard to the appropriate direction of future research. These problems should be addressed if the focus literature is to continue to mature, and if the true role of focus is to be understood in the light of the “newer” strategic imperatives, such as time‐based competition and flexible manufacturing. Introduces a conceptual model of focus specifically designed in response to these problems. The conceptual model identifies three distinct dimensions of focus, and relates these to the competitive factors facing manufacturing organizations. It is designed specifically to serve as a tool with which researchers and managers can discuss the impact of focus at the firm level. A review of key works in manufacturing focus is also included to justify the structure of the model, and to show how the model integrates previous conceptual and empirical research on focus.

Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians: Toward a New Generation of Benchmarks

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742110169
Author(s):  
Michael R. Smith ◽  
Rob Tillyer ◽  
Mitchell Smith ◽  
Caleb D. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Future Research ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This paper extends the stop and frisk literature from New York City by examining pedestrian stops made by San Jose, California, police officers from January 2013 through March 2016 with a particular focus on benchmarking. Using violent crime suspects and nuisance-related calls for service (CFS) as comparators, we consider whether San Jose Police Department (SJPD) officers disproportionately stopped individuals from the city’s dominant racial and ethnic groups citywide and in certain police beats with high levels of nuisance calls. Using violent crime suspects citywide as a benchmark, Whites were significantly overrepresented among those stopped by the police while Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks were underrepresented. The CFS findings at the beat level were consistent with the citywide findings for Blacks but reversed direction for Hispanics and varied for Asians depending upon beat and call type. We discuss possible reasons for this divergence across benchmarks and racial/ethnic groups and consider the implications for future research.

Role of the Police in the Slovak Republic and the Operational Duty

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Klaudia Marczyová
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Core Material ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms

The fundamental rights and freedoms, as the highest values in a democratic society, need to be adequately protected, thus states create the mechanisms to protect them. This mechanism of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms also includes the police, especially the Police Force, whose primary task is to protect the life, health, fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens and individuals in the Slovak Republic. The role of the Police Force defining the basic aspects forms the content of this study, with a further focus on the tasks performed by the police. Following the above, the study focusses on the activity of police officers, carrying out service actions and interference with fundamental rights and freedoms. The procedure of the police in carrying out service actions tends to be the subject of further examination due to their appropriateness and legality. This issue is considered highly serious in the society, and recently it has been a subject of not only scientific discussions in the Slovak Republic. Currently, the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava is carrying out a research project which focussing on service actions with the cooperation of the police experts. The core material is presented in the paper, which aims to point out the basic organisation and activities of the Police Force as the authority responsible for the protection of fundamental rights. The emphasis is put on the selected issues of the police while interfering in human rights and freedoms. Chronologically, from general to specific matters, the paper introduces fundamental rights and freedoms and the police interventions into this area. Theoretical research is supplemented by practical cases, conclusions and possible recommendations for the police practice by the use of several methods, in particular analysis, abstraction and deduction.

Color effects in print advertising: a research update (1985-2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Panigyrakis ◽  
Antigone G. Kyrousi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Print Advertising ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emotion And Memory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature published since 1985 regarding color effects in advertising and at setting an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach – Recent publications (1985-2012) regarding the effects of color in advertising on consumers’ attention, memory and emotional responses are reviewed and discussed. Findings – The review reveals that the effects of color on attention, emotion and memory still remain largely unknown, mainly due to the inherent complexity of the subject and lack of systematic research. At the same time, promising research venues and challenges for the future are identified in the form of research questions. Originality/value – The key potential contribution of this paper stems from the identification of promising research questions and challenges for investigating the role of color in advertising.

Lost in Translation

2022 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Aya Kamperis
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Arts Based Research ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Related Method ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lost In Translation

The chapter examines the role of practice-related research in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. It will extend existing debates regarding the academic rigour of such methodologies as arts-based research and consider their impact on future research culture, using Zen arts as an example of a subject of study within such a methodological framing. It also discusses complimentary methods used by Zen arts researchers such as ethnography to examine why qualitative techniques are not only useful but imperative in the study of such fields. While practice is the key to Zen arts research, neither of the practice-related method types, practice-led or practice-based, currently defined describes how such practice or the writing function in PhD investigations, where together such components are the subject of investigation as well as the method of research and presentation. The chapter thus suggests an additional category of PRR, “practice-reflexive,” when describing such research whose focus is on the distinction of (or the lack thereof) the written exegesis and the notional artefact.

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