Distant Reading the Body, 1640–1699

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (296) ◽  
pp. 681-701
Author(s):  
Rachel Mann ◽  
Michael Gavin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
Early English

Abstract This paper analyses seventeenth-century discourse of the human body over the Early English Books Online full-text corpus. Anatomy and medicine depict the body as a physiological object, knowable mainly through its parts and processes. Fiction and poetry tend to represent the body as a social entity, knowable primarily through intersubjective action and ethical ideals. In both contexts, bodies are perceived and described through close attention to their parts, but when bodies are conceived as such, they are described as abstract entities that organize the whole. This distinction is difficult to see at the level of close reading but unmistakable at larger scale. Deep conceptual structures at work underneath both anatomy and fiction, we argue, underlie a conception of the body that informs more particularized notions of mobility, sociality, and physicality.

scholarly journals VAJIKARANA (APHRODISIAC) – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4881-4884
Author(s):  
Manjula 1
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Healthy Man

Ayurveda is the Shastra (science) which places great emphasis on prevention and encourages the mainte-nance of health through close attention to balance one’s life. Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvruta, Ra-sayana, and Vajikarana play an important role to maintain the good health. There are Seven Dhatus pre-sent in the body such as Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja and Shukra. The seven Dhatus are re-sponsible for the sustaining and development of human body. Shukra is the last Dhatu produced in the body among all the Dhatus. A person who has healthy Shukra has a brightness of confidence, with eyes and skin that seen to radiate light Shukra Dhatus also confirms strength, wisdom and power of the body. Specific Aahara and Vihara has been described in text of Ayurveda. Among Vajikarana treatment many of the formulations are told in the form of medicines and in the form of food preparation which helps for preservation of sexual potency of a healthy man as well as treatment of defective semen, disturbed sexual potency. Vajikarana promotes the sexual capacity and physical activities.

scholarly journals „Ucieleśnienie” traumy w powieści historycznej Hägring 38 Kjella Westö

2017 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Agata Teperek
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Traumatic Memories

Applying close-reading the transdisciplinary article investigates the way in which trauma experienced by women during the Finnish civil war (1918) is presented in Kjell Westö’s novel Mirage 38. Focusing on the female body and working with the term “body memory”, it discusses symbolical literary representations of traumatic memories, which cannot be described verbally and are often hided from the other members of the community, as well as their destructive impact on the psyche and social relations of the traumatised person – in this case the main character of the novel Milja Matilda Wiik. The human body is perceived here as a place of embodiment of suppressed memories. Consequently, the body can be also seen as a medium of memory.

The public representation of homosexual men in seventeenth-century England – a corpus based view

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony McEnery ◽  
Helen Baker
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
English Society ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Early English ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this article we explore public discourse around one marginalized group in early-modern English society, men who engaged in sexual relations with other males. To do this we use a large corpus of seventeenth century texts, the Early English Books Online corpus. Our exploration leads us to consider a number of methodological issues, notably low frequency data and the classical framing of some words. We consider the historical context which brings this about, the impact of such data on our study and the importance of close reading in understanding words in discourse. In addition, we show that, even where frequency does not seem to be an issue, close reading, guided by corpus analysis, is vital in allowing the analyst to move past a superficial analysis of the data towards an understanding of the conventions attached to the use of words which appear to reference men who have sex with men in this period. Through such analyses, this paper sheds light on the typically negative meanings associated with this group in early modern England, and provides both challenge and refinement to existing lexicography, both modern and early modern, relating to the group in this period.

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Dance

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Dance Studies ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integral Feature

The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Dance is the first collection of essays to examine the relationship between William Shakespeare and dance. Despite recent academic interest in movement, materiality, and the body—and the growth of dance studies as a disciplinary field—Shakespeare’s employment of dance as both a theatrical device and thematic reference point remains under-studied. The reimagining of his writing as dance works is also neglected as a subject for research. Alan Brissenden’s 1981 Shakespeare and the Dance remains the seminal text for those interested in early modern dancing and its appearances within Shakespearean drama, but this new volume provides a single source of reference for dance as both an integral feature of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century culture and as a means of translating Shakespearean text into movement.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

scholarly journals Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
Shovan Maity ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Scott Weigand ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Communication Modality ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Human Body Communication

AbstractRadiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of today’s wirelessly connected world, which implies that the physical signals are available for malicious interceptors to snoop within a 5–10 m distance, also increasing interference and reducing channel capacity. Recently, Electro-quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) was demonstrated which utilizes the human body’s conductive properties to communicate without radiating the signals outside the body. Previous experiments showed that an attack with an antenna was unsuccessful at a distance more than 1 cm from the body surface and 15 cm from an EQS-HBC device. However, since this is a new communication modality, it calls for an investigation of new attack modalities—that can potentially exploit the physics utilized in EQS-HBC to break the system. In this study, we present a novel attack method for EQS-HBC devices, using the body of the attacker itself as a coupling surface and capacitive inter-body coupling between the user and the attacker. We develop theoretical understanding backed by experimental results for inter-body coupling, as a function of distance between the subjects. We utilize this newly developed understanding to design EQS-HBC transmitters that minimizes the attack distance through inter-body coupling, as well as the interference among multiple EQS-HBC users due to inter-body coupling. This understanding will allow us to develop more secure and robust EQS-HBC based body area networks in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation on Wireless Link for Medical Telemetry Including Impedance Matching of Implanted Antennas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Ilkyu Kim ◽  
Sun-Gyu Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyun Nam ◽  
Jeong-Hae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
The Body ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Antenna Coupling ◽  
Medical Telemetry

The development of biomedical devices benefits patients by offering real-time healthcare. In particular, pacemakers have gained a great deal of attention because they offer opportunities for monitoring the patient’s vitals and biological statics in real time. One of the important factors in realizing real-time body-centric sensing is to establish a robust wireless communication link among the medical devices. In this paper, radio transmission and the optimal characteristics for impedance matching the medical telemetry of an implant are investigated. For radio transmission, an integral coupling formula based on 3D vector far-field patterns was firstly applied to compute the antenna coupling between two antennas placed inside and outside of the body. The formula provides the capability for computing the antenna coupling in the near-field and far-field region. In order to include the effects of human implantation, the far-field pattern was characterized taking into account a sphere enclosing an antenna made of human tissue. Furthermore, the characteristics of impedance matching inside the human body were studied by means of inherent wave impedances of electrical and magnetic dipoles. Here, we demonstrate that the implantation of a magnetic dipole is advantageous because it provides similar impedance characteristics to those of the human body.

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