scholarly journals Economic viability in free-range chicken production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Lourençoni ◽  
Amelia Carvalho Faustino ◽  
Sílvia Helena Nogueira Turco ◽  
Otoniel Cajuí Bonfim ◽  
Luana Carolina Rocha E Silva L C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract Despite the lack of large-scale farming of free-range chickens in Brazil, their production generates income in the countryside and prevents exodus of rural families in agricultural regions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic viability of free-range broiler production in different facilities. The experiment was conducted in two different sheds (masonry shed-SM and wooden shed-SW) located in the Plural Space of the Universidade Federal do Vale São Francisco, municipality of Juazeiro, BA. Here, 200 heavy red French free-range chickens were distributed in the two sheds and were raised from the 1st to the 88th day (slaughter). Assuming that the minimum age for slaughter is 85 days, the results indicated that at least 205 birds in SM and 217 birds in SW were necessary for the producer to earn the minimum per capita monthly wage in Brazil (2020); at least 411 birds in CG and 600 birds in GM were found to be necessary to achieve maximum productivity at the end of the production cycle. The maximum profitability in the slaughter of the chickens was achieved at an age of 60 days.

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

Prevalence and Incidence of Heart Failure Among Urban Patients in China: A National Population-Based Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Ke Chai ◽  
Minghui Du ◽  
Shengfeng Wang ◽  
Jian-Ping Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Large-scale and population-based studies of heart failure (HF) incidence and prevalence are scarce in China. The study sought to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cost of HF in China. Methods: We conducted a population-based study using records of 50.0 million individuals ≥25 years old from the national urban employee basic medical insurance from 6 provinces in China in 2017. Incident cases were individuals with a diagnosis of HF (International Classification of Diseases code, and text of diagnosis) in 2017 with a 4-year disease-free period (2013–2016). We calculated standardized rates by applying age standardization to the 2010 Chinese census population. Results: The age-standardized prevalence and incidence were 1.10% (1.10% among men and women) and 275 per 100 000 person-years (287 among men and 261 among women), respectively, accounting for 12.1 million patients with HF and 3.0 million patients with incident HF ≥25 years old. Both prevalence and incidence increased with increasing age (0.57%, 3.86%, and 7.55% for prevalence and 158, 892, and 1655 per 100 000 person-years for incidence among persons who were 25–64, 65–79, and ≥80 years of age, respectively). The inpatient mean cost per-capita was $4406.8 and the proportion with ≥3 hospitalizations among those hospitalized was 40.5%. The outpatient mean cost per-capita was $892.3. Conclusions: HF has placed a considerable burden on health systems in China, and strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of HF are needed. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000029094.

The Costs of Production in Systems Which Differ in Their Perceived Effects on Animal Welfare. 1. Eggs and Broilers

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
John Hill ◽  
Carol Asby ◽  
Ian Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Equipment Costs

This paper considers what animal welfare is and the importance of animal welfare to the consumer. It also considers how different production systems are perceived in terms of kindness to animals, and outlines a method of assessing the costs of animal welfare by analysing the costs of intensive egg and broiler production and comparing them with costs of free-range production by using data from the UK. The extra costs associated with free-range production are due to higher labour, feed, building and equipment costs.

scholarly journals It’s All in the SKU: Getting Food from Somewhere from the Field to the Dinner Plate while Using a Large Scale Retailer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Haythorn ◽  
Daniel Knudsen ◽  
James Farmer ◽  
Carmen Antreasian ◽  
Megan Betz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Local Food Movement ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Good System ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Movement

The local food movement provides sustainable food, but often suffers from a lack of economic viability. We examine the need for concerned consumers, qualified growers, and responsible retailers. Concerned consumers are individuals who desire food from somewhere, but must shop at food retailers. Qualified growers sell sustainable food from somewhere, and must be able to set their own prices. Responsible retailers provide consumers with food from somewhere. Taken together, currently there is no good system in place to allow for large scale purchases and long term sales of food from somewhere for a retailer. To solve this, we propose a benevolent wholesaler model, in which stock keeping unit (SKU) numbers are given to each type of product from each farm. This enables tracking of the origin of the produce by retail customers and individual consumers, while retaining the attributes of a food system that allow for large scale purchases and long term sales. Such systems are no less sustainable, but potentially provide enhanced economic viability for producers.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Platform and Robotic Vehicle on Broiler Production, Welfare, and Housing Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981-1990
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Xiaojing Huo ◽  
Guoming Li ◽  
Joseph L. Purswell ◽  
George T. Tabler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Robotic Vehicle

HighlightsUsing an elevated platform with a manure catcher reduced litter moisture content and ammonia concentration.A robotic vehicle encouraged bird movement and use of the elevated platform.Using the elevated platform and robotic vehicle jointly improved broiler paw quality and plumage cleanliness.Abstract. Elevated platform (EP) and robotic vehicle (RV) are two emerging systems aiming to improve environment enrichment and bird activity in broiler housing systems. However, the impacts of these systems on broiler production, welfare, and housing environment have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using EP and RV individually or jointly on broiler feed conversion ratio (FCR), litter moisture content (LMC), ammonia (NH3) concentration, gait score (GS), paw quality (PQ), plumage cleanliness (PC), and bird activity index (AI). Broilers were reared for eight-week production cycles. Four experimental rooms (54 birds room-1) were randomly assigned four treatments: EP only, RV only, EP and RV (EP+RV), and neither EP nor RV (Ctrl). Broiler GS, PQ, and PC were assessed following welfare protocols. Bird AI was determined through image processing. The experiment was repeated three times. The results showed that overall FCR values were 1.806 for EP, 1.804 for RV, 1.797 for EP+RV, and 1.791 for Ctrl. The normalized LMC values were 23.2% ±4.1% for EP, 32.8% ±4.1% for RV, 23.4% ±2.5% for EP+RV, and 35.7% ±7.0% for Ctrl over the eight-week production cycles. NH3 concentrations were 40% lower in the rooms with EP than in the rooms without EP at the end of the production cycle. Broilers had better PQ in the rooms with EP than in the rooms without EP. Broiler PC seemed better in the rooms with RV compared to those without RV. Operation of RV increased bird AI; however, the benefits in activity encouragement diminished as the broilers grew. The number of broilers on the EP was higher in the EP+RV rooms than in the EP rooms. It is concluded that using EP and RV together may improve broiler welfare and activity without compromising their production performance. Keywords: Behavior, Broiler, Elevated platform, Robotic vehicle, Welfare.

On Political Theory and Political Action

1971 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
American Political Science Association ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
The Individual

This paper is a revision of the Presidential Address delivered to the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Los Angeles, California, September 10, 1970. It identifies nine aspects of political theories: storage and retrieval of memories; assistance to insight; simplification of knowledge; heuristic effectiveness; self-critical cognition; normative awareness of values; scientifically testable knowledge; pragmatic skills; and wisdom, or second-order knowledge of what contexts are worth choosing—a wisdom subject to the possibility of radical restructuring. These nine aspects of theory form an integrated production cycle of knowledge. “Scientific” and “humanistic” political theorists need each other to understand the central task of politics: the collective self-determination of societies. To appraise this steering performance of political systems, large amounts of empirical data as indicators of social performance are indispensable. Political science has grown in knowledge of cases, data, research methods, and sensitivity to problems of disadvantaged groups and of the individual. It is learning to recognize qualities and patterns, verify the limited truth content of theories, and be more critical of its societies and of itself. It needs to increase research on implementation of insights, on positive proposals for reform, changes in political wisdom, and on the abolition of poverty and large-scale war. For these tasks, cognitive contributions from political theory are indispensable; working to make them remains a moral commitment.

scholarly journals The continuing lure of the mediated centre in times of deep mediatization: Media Events and its enduring legacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Couldry ◽  
Andreas Hepp
Keyword(s):  
Media Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Media Events ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Discrete Media ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Media

Dayan and Katz’s book Media Events was so crucial because it challenged the dominance of quantitative communications research focused on measurable discrete ‘media effects’. But meanwhile new challenges have emerged which we called ‘deep mediatization’ – datafication, deeper fragmentation of the audience, and over the longer-term threats to the underlying economic viability of the large-scale integrated media producers that could put on ‘media events’. This makes it necessary to rethink the original definition of media events.

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT INFRASTRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Patrakeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Per Capita

Infrastructure provides stimulus to the national and region economy. This paper develops theoretical and practical framework for estimating the economic effects generated from infrastructure. Its three types are considered: roadway, railway, and telecommunications. The hypothesis is that the infrastructure has a positive impact on regional economic development and there are spatial external effects. Estimation showed that road and telecommunications have a positive impact on economic development for Russia, and their external effects also appear. The contribution of railways to increasing labor productivity was insignificant for western and eastern regions. At the same time, the mobile communications per capita is a significant factor for western and eastern regions. The results indicate the necessity to adjust the strategy aimed at implementation of large-scale interregional infrastructure projects.

scholarly journals Determination on Outdoor Stocking Density of Free-range Broilerin Different Ecosystems Based on Nitrogen Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Chaowu Yang ◽  
Mohan Qiu ◽  
Longhuan Du ◽  
Zengrong Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Effective Combination

The free-range broiler production is an effective combination of ecological and economic benefits. However, excessive stocking will inevitably lead to a variety of negative effects, such as the destruction of vegetation, the hardening and even acidification of soil. It is very important to determine the reasonable stocking density for free-range broiler. In this paper, the outdoor feeding density of free-range broiler in different stocking ecosystems based on the nitrogen cycling was proposed combination of theoretical derivation and investigation and research, and proved the correctness of the research idea and density parameters through empirical research, which provided the key technical parameters for scientific guidance of free range chicken production.

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