Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectin fraction provokes reversible adverse effects on rats’ digestive tract

Abstract The Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectin fraction (TBLF) exhibits differential cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells and inhibition of early tumorigenesis in the colon (50 mg/kg, three times per week, for 6 weeks). TBLF showed low toxicity with the ability to activate the immune system; however, some adverse effects are the loss in body weight gain, intestinal atrophy, and pancreatic hyperplasia. After a recovery period of 2 weeks after treatment, reversion of pancreatic hyperplasia but no recovery of intestinal atrophy was observed. As TBLF has shown anticancer effects on the colon, it is important to characterize the adverse effects and how they can be reversed. Sprague Dawley rats were administered with TBLF (50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, three times per week, and then allowed to recover for 6 weeks post-treatment. After TBLF administration, small intestine atrophy, villus atrophy, and cryptic hyperplasia were confirmed, as well as increased intestinal mucus production, increased permeability and a decrease in the apparent ileal digestibility of crude proteins. The colon showed damage in the simple prismatic tissue and decreased crypt depth, and changes in microbiota and a decrease in the apparent fecal digestibility of crude protein were determined. Our results show that the adverse effects provoked by TBLF were partially reversed after 6 weeks of recovery post-treatment, suggesting that increasing the recovery period it could be possible to reverse all adverse effects observed.

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Twenty-Eight Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity Study of Resorcinol Bis-Diphenylphosphate (Fyrolflex RDP) in Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810050202033 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 223-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. T. Henrich ◽

W. D. Johnson ◽

N. Rajendran ◽

R. I. Freudenthal ◽

M. J. Tomlinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Male Rats ◽

High Dose ◽

Inhalation Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Toxic Response ◽

Lung Histopathology

To evaluate the effects of repeated inhalation exposure to resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate (Fyrolflex RDP), male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received nose-only inhalation exposure to Fyrolflex RDP for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Concentrations of Fyrolflex RDP tested were 0 (filtered air control), 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mg/l air. Ten rats/sex/group were euthanized on day 29; 10 additional rats/sex in the control and high-dose groups were euthanized after a 60-day recovery period. RDP induced no mortality or overt toxicity during the exposure or recovery periods. Body weight and body weight gain were reduced in high-dose male rats during exposure, but returned to control levels after 5 weeks of recovery. Absolute and relativelung weights were increased in mid-and high-dose groups after exposure, and in the high-dose group at the end of the recovery period. Relative fiver weights were increased after exposure in mid-and high-dose females and in high-dose males. Gross pathology was limited to confluent white foci in the lungs of all high-dose animals after exposure, and in 80 % of high-dose animals after the recovery period. Underlying lung histopathology after exposure consisted of alveolar histiocytosis in mid-and high-dose groups; this progressed to chronic foreign body inflammation in high-dose rats after recovery. This response is characteristic of a noncytotoxic, water-insoluble foreign material that reaches the alveolar region of the lung. On this basis, although the observed lung lesions were exposure-related, they were not considered to reflect a specific toxic response to Fyrolflex RDP. No exposure-relatedgross or microscopic pathology was identified in any other organ in any experimental group. The no-observed-effectlevel (NOEL) for RDP in this study was 0.1 mg/l.

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Intermittent hypoxia inhibits mandibular cartilage growth with reduced TGF-β and SOX9 expressions in neonatal rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80303-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kochakorn Lekvijittada ◽

Jun Hosomichi ◽

Hideyuki Maeda ◽

Haixin Hong ◽

Chidsanu Changsiripun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral ◽

Intermittent Hypoxia ◽

Hyaline Cartilage ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Mandibular Condyle ◽

Neonatal Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Cartilage Growth ◽

Condylar Cartilage ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

AbstractIntermittent hypoxia (IH) has been associated with skeletal growth. However, the influence of IH on cartilage growth and metabolism is unknown. We compared the effects of IH on chondrocyte proliferation and maturation in the mandibular condyle fibrocartilage and tibial hyaline cartilage of 1-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to normoxic air (n = 9) or IH at 20 cycles/h (nadir, 4% O2; peak, 21% O2; 0% CO2) (n = 9) for 8 h each day. IH impeded body weight gain, but not tibial elongation. IH also increased cancellous bone mineral and volumetric bone mineral densities in the mandibular condylar head. The mandibular condylar became thinner, but the tibial cartilage did not. IH reduced maturative and increased hypertrophic chondrocytic layers of the middle and posterior mandibular cartilage. PCR showed that IH shifted proliferation and maturation in mandibular condyle fibrocartilage toward hypertrophic differentiation and ossification by downregulating TGF-β and SOX9, and upregulating collagen X. These effects were absent in the tibial growth plate hyaline cartilage. Our results showed that neonatal rats exposed to IH displayed underdeveloped mandibular ramus/condyles, while suppression of chondrogenesis marker expression was detected in the growth-restricted condylar cartilage.

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Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1126

Author(s):

Dong-Gu Kim ◽

Jeonghoon Lee ◽

Wonnam Kim ◽

Hyo-Jin An ◽

Jong-Hyun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Oral Dose ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

New Variety ◽

General Toxicity ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Target Organs ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Tract Infections

The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and respiratory tract infections. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), has been developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed pharmacological effects. However, the potential adverse effects of WG have not been revealed yet. This study evaluates the general toxicity of the WG extract through a single and repeated oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, no significant toxicological changes or mortality was observed up to 5000 mg/kg. Over a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no adverse effects and target organs were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Over a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological changes involving ophthalmology, water consumption, or hematology were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Although other parameters were changed, the alterations in question were not considered toxicologically significant, since responses remained within normal ranges and were not dose-dependent. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in rats.

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Intravenous Infusion in Dogs and Primates

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819409140654 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C.J. Perkin ◽

R. Stejskal

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Femoral Vein ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Test Material ◽

Catheter Tip ◽

Inflammatory Changes

Continuous intravenous infusion allows the intended clinical dosing regime to be better evaluated during preclinical studies. Depending on the test material and vehicle, infusion for up to 6 months in primates and 12 months in beagle dogs is possible, but 28 days is the most frequent duration. Under general anesthesia, medical grade catheters are placed in the vena cava via the femoral vein, passed subcutaneously, and exteriorized between the scapulae. A jacket and tether system are used to connect the catheter to an external pump for dosing and the animals are allowed to move freely within the cages. Dosing usually commences after a 1-week recovery period. Body weight gain, food intake, and general observations indicate that the procedure does not adversely affect the normal laboratory behavior of the animals. Test article infusion periods from a few minutes up to 24 h a day, 7 days a week are used; a low infusion rate ofsaline is used for the balance of the 24-h period. Dosage volumes up to 120 ml/kg/day can be infused for 28 days and larger volumes for shorter periods. Up to three separate catheters can be inserted to allow coadministration of compounds for assessment of potential interactions. Body weight, ophthalmoscopy, blood sampling, electrocardiography, and indirect blood pressure measurement can be performed during infusion. Histopathologic common changes in all species include thrombosis, proliferation of vascular intima, and various local inflammatory changes at the infusion site in the vicinity of the catheter tip. These generally are considered to be due to physical irritation by the catheter. Secondary changes include pulmonary microemboli or thrombosis and histiocytosis in hepatic sinusoids often with erythrophago-cytosis. The main findings associated with infusion of very large volumes are reticulocytosis and increased hematopoiesis. These spontaneous findings must be distinguished from those possibly related to administration of the test material and/or vehicle.

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Remdesivir Treatment for COVID 19 in Pregnant Patients with Moderate to Severe Symptoms: Serial Case Report

Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.3390/idr13020042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 437-443

Author(s):

Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽

Amanda Rumondang ◽

Irene Sinta Febriana ◽

Achmad Kemal Harzif ◽

Rima Irwinda

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Rapid Improvement ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Hospitalization Period ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that causes novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health problem worldwide and been declared a pandemic since March 2020 by WHO. One special population that poses a challenge is pregnant women with COVID-19. There have not been many studies related to COVID-19 in pregnancy. In this study, we present five serial cases of Remdesivir treatment for COVID-19 in pregnant women with moderate to severe symptoms. Case Illustration: We briefly describe five serial cases being treated with Remdesivir therapy during hospitalization. Four cases were delivered by cesarean section, and one was delivered vaginally in gestation week 37. All cases showed a shortened duration of hospitalization, rapid improvement in clinical symptoms, and no adverse events were observed in mothers, fetuses, and neonates. Discussion: Remdesivir, an inhibitor RNA Polymerase, has been used in COVID-19 treatment and is known to shorten recovery time in nonpregnant women. Some studies have shown no adverse effects on Remdesivir for pregnant women. Based on randomized control trial (RCT) during the Ebola epidemic, Remdesivir was safe to use for pregnant women. All cases showed reduced hospitalization time and better clinical outcomes without maternal, fetal, or neonatal adverse events. Conclusion: Remdesivir protocol for pregnant women with moderate to severe symptoms of COVID-19 has resulted in better clinical improvement with a shorter recovery period and no adverse effects during the hospitalization period. Further studies and RCT are warranted to evaluate the biosafety and effects of Remdesivir in pregnant women.

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Acupuncture Versus Venlafaxine for the Management of Vasomotor Symptoms in Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.23.5150 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 634-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Eleanor M. Walker ◽

Alba I. Rodriguez ◽

Beth Kohn ◽

Ronald M. Ball ◽

Jan Pegg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Hot Flashes ◽

Well Being ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Acupuncture Group ◽

Vasomotor Symptoms ◽

Randomized Controlled

Purpose Vasomotor symptoms are common adverse effects of antiestrogen hormone treatment in conventional breast cancer care. Hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in patients with breast cancer. Venlafaxine (Effexor), the therapy of choice for these symptoms, has numerous adverse effects. Recent studies suggest acupuncture may be effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. This randomized controlled trial tested whether acupuncture reduces vasomotor symptoms and produces fewer adverse effects than venlafaxine. Patients and Methods Fifty patients were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of acupuncture (n = 25) or venlafaxine (n = 25) treatment. Health outcomes were measured for up to 1 year post-treatment. Results Both groups exhibited significant decreases in hot flashes, depressive symptoms, and other quality-of-life symptoms, including significant improvements in mental health from pre- to post-treatment. These changes were similar in both groups, indicating that acupuncture was as effective as venlafaxine. By 2 weeks post-treatment, the venlafaxine group experienced significant increases in hot flashes, whereas hot flashes in the acupuncture group remained at low levels. The venlafaxine group experienced 18 incidences of adverse effects (eg, nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, anxiety), whereas the acupuncture group experienced no negative adverse effects. Acupuncture had the additional benefit of increased sex drive in some women, and most reported an improvement in their energy, clarity of thought, and sense of well-being. Conclusion Acupuncture appears to be equivalent to drug therapy in these patients. It is a safe, effective and durable treatment for vasomotor symptoms secondary to long-term antiestrogen hormone use in patients with breast cancer.

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The prophylactic potential of Zingiber officinale flowers and leaves extract to mitigate hyperglycemia in Sprague Dawley rats

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-02-2021-0069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Saira Tanweer ◽

Tariq Mehmood ◽

Saadia Zainab ◽

Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Ammar Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Content Type ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Hematological Analysis ◽

Therapeutic Tools

Purpose Innovative health-promoting approaches of the era have verified phytoceutics as one of the prime therapeutic tools to alleviate numerous health-related ailments. The purpose of this paper is to probe the nutraceutic potential of ginger flowers and leaves against hyperglycemia. Design/methodology/approach The aqueous extracts of ginger flowers and leaves were observed on Sprague Dawley rats for 8 weeks. Two parallel studies were carried out based on dietary regimes: control and hyperglycemic diets. At the end of the experimental modus, the overnight fed rats were killed to determine the concentration of glucose and insulin in serum. The insulin resistance and insulin secretions were also calculated by formulae by considering fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations. Furthermore, the feed and drink intakes, body weight gain and hematological analysis were also carried out. Findings In streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats, the ginger flowers extract depicted 5.62% reduction; however, ginger leaves extract reduced the glucose concentration up to 7.11% (p = 0.001). Similarly, ginger flowers extract uplifted the insulin concentration up to 3.07%, while, by ginger leaves extract, the insulin value increased to 4.11% (p = 0.002). For the insulin resistance, the ginger flower showed 5.32% decrease; however, the insulin resistance was reduced to 6.48% by ginger leaves (p = 0.014). Moreover, the insulin secretion increased to 18.9% by flower extract and 21.8% by ginger leave extract (p = 0.001). The feed intake and body weight gain increased momentously by the addition of ginger flowers and leaves; however, the drink intake and hematological analysis remained non-significant by the addition of ginger parts. Originality/value Conclusively, it was revealed that leaves have more hypoglycemic potential as compared to flowers.

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Abstract 12150: Dronedarone is a Potent Cardiac and Hepatic CPT-1 Inhibitor

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.12150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Cher-Rin Chong ◽

Giovanni Licari ◽

Ian Westley ◽

John D Horowitz ◽

Benedetta C Sallustio

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Fatty Acid Uptake ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Class Iii ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Response Curves ◽

Palmitoyl Carnitine ◽

Malonyl Coa ◽

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid ◽

Mass Spectometry

Purpose: Dronedarone was developed on the basis that it would represent a class III anti-arrhythmic devoid of “amiodarone-like” adverse effects. Indeed, photosensitization and iodine-related thyroid toxicity do not occur with dronedarone. However, a number of other adverse effects have emerged. We tested the hypothesis that, like amiodarone, dronedarone modifies cellular metabolism by inhibiting mitochondrial fatty acid uptake via the carnitine shuttle. Methods: We compared the efficacy of dronedarone as an inhibitor of cardiac and hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) with that of the known CPT-1 inhibitors perhexiline and amiodarone. Male 6-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were euthanized under 2% isoflurane. Hearts and livers were rapidly removed, homogenised and placed on ice. CPT-1 activity was measured by the formation of palmitoyl-carnitine, as previously described1. Samples were ultracentrifuged and supernatants were injected for detection by liquid-chromatography/mass-spectometry. Dronedarone (5, 10, 50, 100 and 500μM) was compared to amiodarone (100, 200 and 500μM), perhexiline (20, 50, 100, 150 and 200μM), and the physiological inhibitor of CPT-1, malonyl-CoA (1μM). Concentration-response curves were expressed via log(inhibitor) vs normalized responses. Results: (1) Malonyl-CoA inhibited CPT-1 by >90% in both heart and liver, while perhexiline was more potent than amiodarone as CPT-1 inhibitor (Table). (2) Dronedarone was equipotent (IC50 approximately 40μM) in both heart and liver, and approximately 3-fold more potent than amiodarone. Conclusion: Dronedarone, like amiodarone and perhexiline, inhibits cardiac and hepatic CPT-1. This has potential advantages regarding haemodynamic stability in atrial fibrillation, but may predispose to eventual hepato- and cardiotoxic effects. Ref: 1. Kennedy JA, Unger S, Horowitz JD. Biochem Pharmacology 1996, 52, p273-280.

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Gene-based SNP discovery in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common bean (P. vulgaris) for diversity analysis and comparative mapping

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-016-2499-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Neha Gujaria-Verma ◽

Larissa Ramsay ◽

Andrew G. Sharpe ◽

Lacey-Anne Sanderson ◽

Daniel G. Debouck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Comparative Mapping ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Snp Discovery ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius

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Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin

10.21203/rs.2.20297/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuemei Liu ◽

Xiyu Feng ◽

Chao Deng ◽

Lu Liu ◽

Yanping Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Olanzapine Treatment ◽

Brown Adipose

Abstract BackgroundPrescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant sedation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo investigate the efficacy of interventions of statin aimed at reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O+S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks.ResultsOlanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O+S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but had no significant effect on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O+S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. A down-regulating of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) expression was observed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the olanzapine-only group, following a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA)/PKA. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O+B. Our results demonstrated simvastatin to be effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine.ConclusionsModulation of BAT activity could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.

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