scholarly journals Research letter. Risk factors for low serum retinol in Nigerian children

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
OO Akinyinka ◽  
SOI Usen ◽  
AO Akanni ◽  
AG Falade ◽  
PE Olumese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Low Serum

scholarly journals Factors associated with low serum retinol levels in children aged 6–24 months in a rural South African community

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Faber ◽  
AJ Spinnler Benadé
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
South African ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
African Community ◽  
Home Deliveries ◽  
Low Serum

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for variation in serum retinol levels in children younger than 2 years of age in a rural South African community.DesignChildren (n=97), 6–24 months of age, were divided into two groups according to their serum retinol levels, using 20 μg dl−1as the cut-off point. The chi-square test, Fischer exact two-tailed test and analysis of variance were used to identify related variables which were significantly different between the two groups. To evaluate simultaneously the association between several potential risk factors and low serum retinol levels, a multiple regression model for categorical data was developed which included potential risk factors that were statistically significant in the bivariate analysis as the independent variables, and either low or normal vitamin A status as the dependent variable.ResultsThere was an association between serum retinol levels and: (i) the place of birth (hospital vs. home deliveries); (ii) the attitude of the care-giver towards family life; and (iii) the health status of the child. Although not included in the multiple variable model because of small numbers, all children who had a previous episode of measles, all underweight children, and all children of widowed care-givers were in the low serum retinol group.ConclusionsThe care-giver's attitude towards family life was positively associated with the child's vitamin A status, while home deliveries were associated with a low vitamin A status.

Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of the incidence, various types and risk factors of malignancies in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Lung Hsu ◽  
Ming-Feng Liao ◽  
Chun-Che Chu ◽  
Hung-Chou Kuo ◽  
Rong-Kuo Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
T Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Low Serum

AbstractOur study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and time to occurrence of malignancy in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). The electronic medical records of 1100 patients with DM and 1164 patients with PM were studied between January 2001 and May 2019. Malignancies after myositis were diagnosed in 61 (5.55%) patients with DM and 38 (3.26%) patients with PM. The cumulative incidence of malignancies in patients with DM were significantly higher than patients with PM (hazard ratio = 1.78, log-rank p = 0.004). Patients with DM had a greater risk of developing malignancy than those with PM at 40–59 years old (p = 0.01). Most malignancies occurred within 1 year after the initial diagnosis of DM (n = 35; 57.38%). Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) was the most common type of malignancy in patients with DM (22.95%), followed by lung, and breast cancers. In patients with PM, colorectal, lung and hepatic malignancies were the top three types of malignancy. The risk factors for malignancy included old age (≥ 45 years old) and low serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) for patients with DM and male sex and low serum levels of CPK for patients with PM. Low serum levels of CPK in patients with myositis with malignancy represented a low degree of muscle destruction/inflammation, which might be attributed to activation of the PD-L1 pathway by tumor cells, thus inducing T-cell dysfunction mediating immune responses in myofibers. A treatment and follow-up algorithm should explore the occurrence of malignancy in different tissues and organs and suggested annual follow-ups for at least 5.5 years to cover the 80% cumulative incidence of malignancy in patients with DM and PM.

scholarly journals The association of parameters of body composition and laboratory markers with the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Chen ◽  
Yingbao Huang ◽  
Huajun Yu ◽  
Kehua Pan ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Serum

AbstractBackgroundHypertriglyceridemia has arisen as the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis. This study aimed at exploring the association between the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP) and computed tomography (CT)-based body composition parameters and laboratory markers.MethodsLaboratory and clinical parameters were collected from 242 patients with HTGP between 2017 and 2020. Severity of HTGP was evaluated by original or modified CT severity index. Body composition parameters such as area and radiodensity of muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue were calculated by CT at the level of third lumbar vertebra. Parameters were compared between mild and moderately severe to severe HTGP. Uni-variate and multi-variate Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the risk factors of the severity of HTGP.ResultsSeventy patients (28.9%) presented with mild HTGP. Body mass index, waist circumference and all CT-based body composition parameters differed between male and female patients. None was associated with the severity of HTGP, neither in males nor in females. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that areas under the curves of apolipoprotein A-I and albumin to predict the severity of HTGP were 0.786 and 0.759, respectively (allP < 0.001). Uni-variate and further multi-variate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that low serum albumin (< 35 g/L,P = 0.004, OR = 3.362, 95%CI = 1.492–8.823) and apolipoprotein A-I (< 1.1 g/L,P < 0.001, OR = 5.126, 95%CI = 2.348–11.195), as well as high C-reactive protein (> 90 mg/L,P = 0.005, OR = 3.061, 95%CI = 1.407–6.659) and lipase (P = 0.033, OR = 2.283, 95%CI = 1.070–4.873) were risk factors of moderately severe to severe HTGP. Levels of albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, C-reactive protein and lipase were also associated with the length of hospital stay (allP < 0.05). Besides, low serum albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high radiodensity of subcutaneous adipose tissue were significant risk factors of pancreatic necrosis in patients with HTGP (allP < 0.05).ConclusionsLow serum albumin and apolipoprotein A-I, and high C-reactive protein and lipase upon admission were associated with a more severe type of HTGP and longer hospital stay for these patients. Albumin and apolipoprotein A-I may serve as novel biomarkers for the severity of HTGP. However, none of the body composition parameters was associated with the severity of HTGP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the nature and etiologies of risk factors for diaphyseal atypical femoral fractures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tsuchie ◽  
Naohisa Miyakoshi ◽  
Yuji Kasukawa ◽  
Koji Nozaka ◽  
Kimio Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atypical Femoral Fractures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lateral Curvature ◽  
Low Serum

Objectives: Differences in the mechanisms of subtrochanteric and diaphyseal atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) have been speculated in studies that have analyzed differences in the patients’ backgrounds. However, the etiologies of each type of AFF have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nature and etiologies of the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs. Materials and Methods: Eighty consecutive Japanese patients with 91 diaphyseal AFFs (the AFF group) and 110 age-matched female patients with osteoporosis (the non-AFF control group) were included. Their clinical data were compared and the factors affecting AFFs were investigated. Furthermore, the etiologies of the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs were examined. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that femoral serrated changes, bisphosphonate or denosumab usage, and lateral and anterior femoral curvatures were the risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs (p<0.0011, p=0.0137, and p<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also revealed that serrated changes and low serum 25(OH)D levels affected the lateral curvature (p=0.0088 and 0.0205, respectively), while serrated changes affected the anterior curvature (p=0.0006); each significantly affected the femoral curvature. In addition, a high serum calcium (Ca) level, lateral femoral curvature, and anterior femoral curvature were the predictors of serrated changes (p=0.0146, 0.0002, and 0.0098, respectively). Conclusion: The risk factors for diaphyseal AFFs were bone resorption inhibitor usage, a strong femoral curvature, and serrated changes. A low serum 25(OH)D level and serrated changes are the risk factors for lateral curvature, while a high serum Ca level is a risk factor for serrated changes.

scholarly journals Risk factors, microbiological findings and outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis at a tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Divakara S. R. ◽  
Thrishuli P. B. ◽  
Bhavuray Teli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Type I ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a uncommon and serious infection involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower and upper limbs, perineal area (Fournier’s gangrene), and the abdominal wall with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can reduce the mortality rate of NF. The objectives of this study are to study the etiolopathological, microbiological factors determining the outcome of necrotizing fasciitis.Methods: It is prospective study and was conducted in JSS Medical College and Hospital in October 2008 to October 2010. Total 50 patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis were admitted to JSS Medical College and Hospital. Demographic data, type of co morbidities, site of infection, clinical features with microbiology and laboratory results, and outcomes of patients were analyzed.Results: Out of 50 patients there were 42 males and 8 females. Highest number of cases was found in the age group of 65-74 years among males, 55-64 years among females. The commonest site in the present study is lower limbs (74%). Diabetes mellitus was the commonest (76%) co morbidity. Beta hemolytic streptococci 22 (44%) was the highest to be isolated. In type I and Coagulase positive staphylococci 18 (36%) was the commonest organism isolated in type II necrotizing fasciitis. The significant risk factors were gender, comorbidties, hospital length of stay, and albumin level, leucocytosis, anemia, hypoalbumenia, low serum ferritin levels increase blood sugar levels. The mortality was 12% (8 patients).Conclusions: Patients with advance age, co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, osteomyelitis had high unexplained susceptibility to the disease and with a higher incidence in males. Thus, early recognition with a high index of clinical suspicion would definitely reduce both morbidity and mortality. It has gross morbidity and mortality if not treated in its early stages. Leucocytosis, anemia, hypoalbumenia, low serum ferritin levels, increase blood sugar levels were consistent findings seen in majority of the patients which resulted in increased morbidity.

scholarly journals P414 Risk factors for the development of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and adalimumab in Crohn’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S378-S379
Author(s):  
E Khoo ◽  
A Lord ◽  
K Hanigan ◽  
A Croft ◽  
G Radford-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFa) therapy have been established as an effective maintenance treatment for complicated Crohn’s Disease (CD). However, the efficacy of Infliximab (IFX) and Adalimumab (ADM) may be affected by low serum levels and/or the presence of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). This reinforces the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). We aim to assess the clinical benefit of proactive vs. reactive TDM. Secondly, to assess the impact of TDM on clinical management. Thirdly, to identify risk factors for low serum drug levels and the development of ADA in CD patients. Methods This was a single-centred observational cohort study performed at a tertiary hospital, comprising of total 229 CD patients: 142 received IFX and 87 received ADM, who have had a trough drug level, tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to determine if there are nonrandom associations between variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results One hundred and fourteen patients (49%) receiving a standard anti-TNFa regimen had subtherapeutic drug levels (67 had IFX &lt; 3 μg/ml and 47 had ADM &lt; 5 μg/ml). Interestingly, almost half of this cohort were asymptomatic. Reactive TDM completed among symptomatic patients have shown to have a statistically significant benefit in detecting subtherapeutic drug level (p = 0.0001). Following these results, only fifty-two patients (46%) had a change of therapy (29 IFX, 25 ADM); while the remaining sixty-two patients (54%) continued the same dosing regimen with only one documented admission within 90-days following the drug level being taken. Eight patients (4%) were found to have positive ADA, all in the presence of subtherapeutic drug levels. Two of these had a subsequent flare of their disease. They were all switched to another class of biologic therapy. Non-smoking status at diagnosis and the concomitant use of immunomodulator were found to have statistically significant associations with a therapeutic drug level (p = 0.0176 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Similarly, both of these risk factors were associated with lower risk of ADA formation (p = 0.0057 and p = 0.0165, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests that a large proportion of patients have subtherapeutic drug levels at standard dosing schedules. However, low drug levels do not correlate with a higher risk of complications if patients are in clinical remission. The results of this study also indicate that non-smoking status at diagnosis and the concomitant use of immunomodulator are associated with higher serum drug levels and lower risk of developing anti-drug antibodies.

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