scholarly journals An Examination of Five Identical Mapping-Grade Global Positioning System Receivers in Two Forest Settings

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Wing ◽  
Jereme Frank
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Identical Mapping

Abstract We collected measurements using five identical high-quality mapping-grade GPS receivers that were configured the same and collected data simultaneously in two distinctly different settings within a forest. Our primary objective was to determine whether measurement accuracies were different among the mapping-grade GPS receivers. A secondary objective was to determine whether measurement accuracies were different depending on whether receivers established their locations by taking a single 1-second measurement or by averaging 30 or 60 measurements. In the open-sky setting, where receivers had few obstructions overhead, we found that all five receivers recorded measurements with similar positional accuracies. Errors were lower when measurements were differentially corrected (postprocessed). We found an average error of 1.6 m for unprocessed data and an average error of 0.2 m for postprocessed data. Our results indicate that in open-sky conditions, all five receivers performed similarly when measurements were postprocessed. In addition, there was no significant difference in accuracy whether 1, 30, or 60 points were averaged, regardless of whether data were postprocessed. In the young-forest test course, examination of errors between receivers revealed that one receiver had significantly different errors compared with other receivers, which was likely the result of environmental influences on satellite signal strength and availability. We also found that measurement errors for all five receivers were significantly lower when measurements were postprocessed. On average, measurement errors were 5.9 m for unprocessed data and 1.4 m for postprocessed data. In analyzing individual receiver errors, no receiver had significantly different measurement errors whether 1, 30, or 60 measurements were recorded.

scholarly journals Horizontal Measurement Performance of Five Mapping-Grade Global Positioning System Receiver Configurations in Several Forested Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Wing ◽  
Aaron Eklund ◽  
Sessions John ◽  
Karsky Richard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Differential ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Differential Corrections

Abstract We examined the horizontal measurement performance of five mapping-grade GPS receiver configurations operating simultaneously at three measurement test sites established in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions. Two of the GPS receivers had external antennas, and two receivers were configured to collect data with real-time differential corrections through the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The GPS receivers collected data using 1-, 30-, and 60-point recording intervals to test the influence of the number of point recordings on position determination. We also postprocessed all data to examine the influence of differential corrections. We found statistically significant differences in measurement accuracy between GPS receiver configurations that had an external antenna and receivers that did not. The top performer for unprocessed data collected measurements with real-time differential corrections and had average measurement errors of 0.4, 0.8, and 2.2 m, in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions, respectively. The top performer for postprocessed data had average measurement errors of 0.2, 0.1, and 1.2 m, in open sky, young forest, and closed canopy conditions, respectively. The influence of number of points on measurement accuracy was observed between the 1- and 30-point intervals, with no statistically significant differences between the 30- and 60-point intervals. No statistically significant difference resulted in WAAS measurements that were postprocessed. The measurement accuracies we report are acceptable for many natural resource measurement applications. These findings encourage the use of external antennas when using GPS receivers under forest canopy. In addition, point recording intervals of 30 appear to be efficient for accurate measurements with mapping-grade GPS receivers.

Creation and evaluation of a cancer chemotherapy order review guide for use at a community hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra P Punke ◽  
JA Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
To Receive

The proper evaluation of cancer chemotherapy orders is necessary for patients to receive safe and effective treatment. The chemotherapy treatment setting is evolving resulting in hospital pharmacists without extensive oncology training or experience now being responsible for evaluation of chemotherapy orders. The primary objective was to create a step-by-step chemotherapy order evaluation guide with a detailed explanation for each step. The secondary objective was to evaluate non-oncology trained pharmacists' ability to accurately review simulated chemotherapy orders post-education using the guide. A two-page chemotherapy order evaluation guide was created based on an accepted method of chemotherapy order review consisting of the following eight steps: regimen verification, clinical trial protocol verification, body surface area calculation, dose calculation, laboratory values, emesis prophylaxis, adjunctive or supportive care measures, and pharmacy labels. A literature search was performed for each step. A detailed explanation for each step was written as a separate component from the guide to encompass the literature search information and current guidelines in a more comprehensive manner. Non-oncology trained community hospital pharmacists were educated on use of the guide for approximately 30 min. The guide was evaluated using timed simulated chemotherapy orders pre- and post-education consisting of a general chemotherapy order and a carboplatin dosing order. Nineteen pharmacists were tested with simulated chemotherapy orders. A significant difference was detected between the pre- and post-education for both the general chemotherapy (p = 0.00032) order and carboplatin dosing order (p = 0.031).

Needling Versus Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Pedal Warts

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Cunningham ◽  
Jessica T. Brimage ◽  
Reza N. Naraghi ◽  
Virginia M. Bower
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Group 1

Background We hypothesized that needling of a pedal wart creates local inflammation and a subsequent cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) against human papillomavirus. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether needling to induce a CMIR against human papillomavirus is an effective treatment for pedal warts compared with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. A secondary objective was to investigate whether the CMIR induced by needling is effective against satellite pedal warts. Methods Eligible patients with pedal warts were randomly allocated to receive either needling or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Only the primary pedal wart was treated during the study. Follow-up was 12 weeks, with outcome assessments made independently under blinded circumstances. Results Of 37 patients enrolled in the study, 18 were allocated to receive needling and 19 to receive liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Regression of the primary pedal wart occurred in 64.7% of the needling group (11 of 17) and in 6.2% of the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group (1 of 16) (P =  .001). No significant relationship was found between needling of the primary pedal wart and regression of satellite pedal warts (P = .615) or complete pedal wart regression (P = .175). There was no significant difference in pain, satisfaction, or cosmesis between the two groups. Conclusions The regression rate of the primary pedal wart was significantly higher in the needling group compared with the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Function Impairment among Stone Cutting Workers in North Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Vidhya Solanki ◽  
Karishma Barot ◽  
Priyanka Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Stone Cutting ◽  
North Gujarat

Background: Pulmonary problems are a major cause of morbidity & mortality all over the world. It has been found that lung functions are mostly affected in workers exposed to affect majorly in granite, marble, various other rocks and sand dust exposed workers. Objective:The primary objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of pulmonary function impairment among stone cutting workers at various construction sites in North Gujarat and the secondary objective was to find the effectiveness of Physiotherapy measures among those workers. Methods: A total of 408 male stone cutting worker participated in this study around various construction sites in the vicinity of North Gujarat from September to December 2019. After assessing pulmonary function tests, workers with impairment were treated with Deep breathing exercise and advice personal protective measures like face masks, cession of smoking and water spraying before cutting. Results: The data was collected from all the stone cutting workers. The average age was 31.43 ± 9.18 years and the average duration of work experience as stone cutter was 12.32± 6.11. A total of 50.24 % participant complaints of chronic cough, 10.29% of chest pain and 31.61% of participants reported wheezes. Data Analysis showed after 3 months of Physiotherapeutic intervention there was significant difference in FEV1 FVC and FEV1/FVC. Conclusion:The present study shows that there was a high prevalence of pulmonary functions impairment among stone cutting worker in North Gujarat and Physiotherapy measures can be used as an adjacent to minimize this problem. Key words: Stone cutting workers, Pulmonary Function impairment, Pulmonary Function test, North Gujarat.

Patterns and Predictors of Antipsychotic usage among U.S. Adults: A National Co-Morbidity Survey Replication Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435
Author(s):  
Rajender R Aparasu ◽  
Saurabh Nagar ◽  
Shivani K Mhatre ◽  
Mark D Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
White Race ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Adjusted Model

The primary objective was to study patterns of antipsychotic usage among adults with mental health disorders in the U.S. using a national survey. The secondary objective was to examine patient and provider factors associated with antipsychotic usage. Data from the National Co-Morbidity Survey Replication study (NCS-R) of 2001-2003 was used to examine the prevalence of antipsychotic use among adults 18 years or older. Patient-reported adherence and effectiveness were reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the statistically significant determinants of antipsychotic use. Antipsychotic medications were used by 99 of 9282 (1.06%) NCS-R participants in the previous year. Among antipsychotic users, 42 (42.4%) used typical agents and 57 (57.6%) used atypical agents. Males over 65 (compared to age 18-45), non-white race, prescription by a psychiatrist, and presence of mood disorders were statistically significant predictors of increased antipsychotic use among patients with mental disorders, in the adjusted model. Mean adherence among typical users (17.78 ± 1.53 days) was less than atypical users (24.04 ± 0.82 days). No statistically significant difference in perceived effectiveness was found. In conclusion, these analysis shows that approximately 1% of Americans used antipsychotics within the past year, mostly using atypical over typical agents. Male, over 65, non-white race, prescription by a psychiatrist, and presence of mood disorders were the significant predictors of antipsychotic use.

The Student Room Survey: Changes in the Post Graduate Study for Cardiothoracic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Md Faizus Sazzad ◽  
Mohammed Moniruzzaman ◽  
Dewan Iftakher Raza Choudhury ◽  
Arif Ahmed Mohiuddin ◽  
Raafi Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Graduate Study ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The University ◽  
Day By Day

Background: The number of postgraduate students in Cardiac surgical discipline is increasing day by day with incremental proportion are measurably suffering from the unnecessary lingering of the present course curriculum. The primary objective of this study was to find out the last 5 years’ of results of Masters in Surgery course under the University of Dhaka from a student room survey. A secondary objective was to find out positive changes that could show us the way of a step toward up-gradation. Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of all examination results of Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery published since January 2008 to January 2013 from the University of Dhaka with in depth interview of 11 participants. Results: 85.24% students failed to pass part-I of Masters in Surgery for Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery course while, 82.18% in part-II and 71.28% failed to pass the final part. Average 2.51 attempts needed to complete each part of the designed course resulted into lingering of course duration for 42.18 months/student. In the thoracic surgery discipline the number of students alarmingly reduced up to 0% in the recent academic sessions. Conclusions: Masters in Surgery is resulting in unnecessary prolongation of the course. We should step forward to meet the next generation challenge. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 71-74

Epidemiology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Janice L Pasieka ◽  
Martin D Hyrcza ◽  
Danièle Pacaud ◽  
Yuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
True Frequency ◽  
Clinical Records

Objective Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, little is known about their epidemiology. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an ethnically diverse population. A secondary objective was to develop and validate algorithms for case detection using laboratory and administrative data. Design Population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada from 2012 to 2019. Methods Patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma were identified using linked administrative databases and clinical records. Annual incidence rates per 100 000 people were calculated and stratified according to age and sex. Algorithms to identify pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, based on laboratory and administrative data, were evaluated. Results A total of 239 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (collectively with 251 tumors) were identified from a population of 5 196 368 people over a period of 7 years. The overall incidence of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma was 0.66 cases per 100 000 people per year. The frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma increased with age and was highest in individuals aged 60–79 years (8.85 and 14.68 cases per 100 000 people per year for males and females, respectively). An algorithm based on laboratory data (metanephrine >two-fold or normetanephrine >three-fold higher than the upper limit of normal) closely approximated the true frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with an estimated incidence of 0.54 cases per 100 000 people per year. Conslusion The incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an unselected population of western Canada was unexpectedly higher than rates reported from other areas of the world.

Incidência da utilização de protetores bucais em diversos esportes de contato

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Victor Paes Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Hugo Leonardo Matias Nahmias ◽  
Marcus Menezes Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
The Face ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The City

Among contact sports, the practice of martial arts offers a greater risk of causing dental trauma and fractures as contact with the face is more frequent. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the incidence of mouthguard use, and the secondary objective is to verify which type has a greater predominance and the difficulties in its use correlating to the type of mouthguard used. A documentary study was carried out with 273 athletes of different contact sports, among them: MMA, Boxing, Muay Thai, Jiu-Jitsu, and Taekwondo of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was concluded that the most commonly used mouthguard is PB Boils and Bites - Type II and its level of approval is poor, interfering with the athletes’ performance, mainly in relation to the breathing factor.

scholarly journals Use of Ceftaroline in Hospitalized Patients with and without COVID-19: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽  
Chiara Russo ◽  
Veronica Martini ◽  
Silvia Dettori ◽  
Federica Briano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Medical Wards

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the use of ceftaroline in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, during a period also including the first months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary objective was to describe the use of ceftaroline in terms of indications and characteristics of patients. A secondary objective was to describe the rate of favorable clinical response in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-BSI) receiving ceftaroline. Overall, 200 patients were included in the study. Most of them had COVID-19 (83%, 165/200) and were hospitalized in medical wards (78%, 155/200). Included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were given empirical ceftaroline in the suspicion of bacterial co-infection or superinfection. Among patients with MRSA-BSI, ceftaroline was used as a first-line therapy and salvage therapy in 25% (3/12) and 75% (9/12) of cases, respectively, and as a monotherapy or in combination with daptomycin in 58% (7/12) and 42% (5/12) of patients, respectively. A favorable response was registered in 67% (8/12) of patients. Improving etiological diagnosis of bacterial infections is essential to optimize the use of ceftaroline in COVID-19 patients. The use of ceftaroline for MRSA-BSI, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-MRSA agents, showed promising rates of favorable response.

scholarly journals Multicenter point prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 at the onset of the pandemic timeline in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J Rhodes ◽  
Atheer Dairem ◽  
William J Moore ◽  
Anooj Shah ◽  
Michael J Postelnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Objective

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose There are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the onset of the pandemic, off-label medication use was supported by limited or no clinical data. We sought to characterize experimental COVID-19 therapies and identify safety signals during this period. Methods We conducted a non-interventional, multicenter, point prevalence study of patients hospitalized with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. Clinical and treatment characteristics within a 24-hour window were evaluated in a random sample of up to 30 patients per site. The primary objective was to describe COVID-19–targeted therapies. The secondary objective was to describe adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results A total of 352 patients treated for COVID-19 at 15 US hospitals From April 18 to May 8, 2020, were included in the study. Most patients were treated at academic medical centers (53.4%) or community hospitals (42.6%). Sixty-seven patients (19%) were receiving drug therapy in addition to supportive care. Drug therapies used included hydroxychloroquine (69%), remdesivir (10%), and interleukin-6 antagonists (9%). Five patients (7.5%) were receiving combination therapy. The rate of use of COVID-19–directed drug therapy was higher in patients with vs patients without a history of asthma (14.9% vs 7%, P = 0.037) and in patients enrolled in clinical trials (26.9% vs 3.2%, P < 0.001). Among those receiving drug therapy, 8 patients (12%) experienced an ADR, and ADRs were recognized at a higher rate in patients enrolled in clinical trials (62.5% vs 22%; odds ratio, 5.9; P = 0.028). Conclusion While we observed high rates of supportive care for patients with COVID-19, we also found that ADRs were common among patients receiving drug therapy, including those enrolled in clinical trials. Comprehensive systems are needed to identify and mitigate ADRs associated with experimental COVID-19 treatments.

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