Unraveling the Impact of Nitrogen Nutrition on Cooked Rice Flavor and Texture

Relative amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen, the most abundant macro-element, and also the distribution of ammonium ions in relation to nitrate ions, in the soils of different ecosystems, are determined by many factors. The most important are: temperature, pH of substrate, accumulation of organic matter, presence of allelopathic compounds, degree of oxygenation, etc. The ability of plants to adapt to these variations influences their production of bio-mass, the rate of expansion in different habitats, and the impact on ecosystem and biodiversity. This paper analyzes the impact of different forms of nitrogen (NO3 - and NH4 +) on the growth of seedlings of invasive species Acer negundo L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. The results show that nitrogen nutrition only in the form of NH4 + ions significantly affects the reduction in shoot dry weight. Compared to the nutrition with both forms of nitrogen together, aerial parts of Ailanthus altissima were reduced by 62.5%, and leaf area by 66.7%, while Acer negundo seedlings had reduction in dry mass of aboveground part by 89.5%, root by 81.2% and leaf area by 85.8%. Nutrition with nitrate form of nitrogen led to a proportionally small, but statistically significant decrease in dry mass of aboveground parts and roots as well as leaf area of Acer negundo, while in Ailanthus altissima seedlings, it was only the mass reduction of aboveground parts that was significantly influenced, so it can be assumed that this species is more resistant to the lack of both forms of nitrogen. The fact that both species produced significantly more biomass when nitrogen was present in both forms may be important in controlling the spread of alien species, or in their potential use in phytoremediation.

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Effect of Geographical Indication Information on Consumer Acceptability of Cooked Aromatic Rice

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara E. Jarma Arroyo ◽

Victoria Hogan ◽

Debra Ahrent Wisdom ◽

Karen A. K. Moldenhauer ◽

Han-Seok Seo

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Sensory Perception ◽

Consumer Acceptability ◽

Aromatic Rice ◽

Geographical Indication ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Rice Samples ◽

The Impact

Geographical indication (GI) labeling is used to represent information about specific geographical origins of target products. This study aimed at determining the impact of GI information on sensory perception and acceptance of cooked aromatic rice samples. Ninety-nine participants evaluated cooked rice samples prepared using each of three aromatic rice varieties both with and without being provided with GI information. Participants rated the acceptance and intensity of the cooked rice samples in terms of appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall liking, and also reported how important the GI information was to them. The results showed that consumers rated the cooked rice samples higher in appearance and overall liking when provided with GI information. Interestingly, participants who valued “state-of-origin” information more highly exhibited increased hedonic ratings of cooked rice samples when provided with GI information, but not when no GI information was given. Participants provided with GI information rated flavor or sweetness intensities of cooked aromatic rice samples closer to just-about-right than those without such information. This study provides empirical evidence about how GI information modulates sensory perception and acceptance of cooked aromatic rice samples. The findings will help rice industry, farmers, and traders better employ GI labeling to increase consumer acceptability of their rice products.

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The impact of cucumber nitrogen nutrition on life history traits of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.1051/acarologia/20142137 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 443-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Motahari ◽

K. Kheradmand ◽

A.M. Roustaee ◽

A.A. Talebi

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽

The Impact

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The Effect of Differentiated Nutrition on the Content of Antioxidants in Broccoli

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201462030561 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 561-564

Author(s):

Anton Uher ◽

Miroslav Šlosár ◽

Tomáš Lošák ◽

Jaroslav Hlušek

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Average Content ◽

Carotene Content ◽

The Impact ◽

Β Carotene

The aim of this work is to determine the impact of differentiated nutrition, using different rates of nitrogen and sulphur, on the level of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E1 (α-tocopherol), vitamin C and β-carotene in the broccoli rosette. The experimental broccoli variety was Tiburon F1. It is a strong medium-late variety with a vegetation period of 82 days. In the 3-year field trial we observed the effects of different rates of nitrogen and sulphur on the amount of antioxidant compounds in broccoli. The experiment consisted of four fertilisation treatments: 1) unfertilised control, 2) fertilised with 200 kg N.ha−1, 3) also fertilized with 200 kg N.ha−1 and supplemented with 50 kg S.ha−1, 4) 200 kg.ha−1 and 60 kg S.ha−1 was applied. To determine the amount of β-carotene and vitamin E1, the slightly modified method of Olives Barb et al. (2006) was used. The vitamin C content was determined by titration. Nitrogen nutrition has a significant impact not only on the amount of harvested broccoli, but also on the content of β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E1. The average content of β-carotene for the entire experimental period ranged from 24.84 mg.kg−1 to 30.13 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. The content of β-carotene in broccoli rosettes increased as per the following order of treatments: control > N:S (200:50 kg.ha−1) > N:S (200:60 kg.ha−1) > N (kg.ha−1). The β-carotene content increased significantly only in treatment 2 (30.13 mg.kg−1) as compared to all the other treatments. The level of vitamin C revealed the significant effect of fertilisation in all the treatments (567.9–614.2 mg.kg−1) in contrast to the control variant (528.4 mg.kg−1). What is more, in treatment 4 the content of vitamin C increased significantly in contrast to fertilised treatments 2 and 3. The average content of vitamin E1 ranged from 4.33 mg.kg−1 to 4.88 mg.kg−1 of fresh mass. There were no significant differences among the untreated control and fertilised treatments 2 and 3. The only significant decrease in the content of vitamin E1 was detected in treatment 4 as against the unfertilised treatment 1.

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Effect of varietal differences on the oral processing behavior and bolus properties of cooked rice

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2020-0097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka Sethupathy ◽

S. K. Sivakamasundari ◽

Jeyan. A. Moses ◽

Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Amylose Content ◽

Starch Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Oral Processing ◽

The Impact

AbstractThis research explored the impact of in-vivo oral processing on the bolus properties of three rice varieties [white ponni (WP), mappillai samba (MS), and basmati (B)] that were selected based on variations in the amylose content. The amylose and dry matter content of the WP, MS, and B were 4.67, 7.48, and 13.8(%) and 69.57, 60.09, and 70.47(%), respectively. Mastication features (bite-size, chewing time, and chew cycles), bolus properties (particle size distribution, bolus moisture content, rheology, and starch hydrolysis), time-dependent bolus features (rate of incorporation of saliva and saliva content) and, temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) of cooked rice were studied. Results confirmed the significance of oral processing on various bolus characteristics. Moreover, a pronounced correlation between the morphology of rice varieties and mastication features was observed. The structure and textural characteristics of the different rice varieties (MS, WP, B) showed considerable effects on the consumption time (25.7 s, 22.2 s, 17.8 s) and chewing cycles (34, 31, 23). Rate of saliva incorporation was relatively lesser for MS as compared with WP and B. Solid loss followed the trends WP > MS > B. The total starch content of cooked rice boluseswas WP (82.69 ± 0.01%), MS (79.49 ± 0.01%), and B (71.74 ± 0.01%). Further, texture – TDS and flavor – TDS of all varieties were found to be strongly dependent on textural attributes, composition, and oro-sensory perception. This study provides a significant understanding of the oral processing behavior of rice and its bolus, considering the effect of variations in amylose content, texture, and morphology.

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Impact of Nitrogen Nutrition on Cannabis sativa: An Update on the Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20225803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 5803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simone Landi ◽

Roberto Berni ◽

Giorgia Capasso ◽

Jean-Francois Hausman ◽

Gea Guerriero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Added Value ◽

N Availability ◽

N Nutrition ◽

N Metabolism ◽

The Impact

Nitrogen (N) availability represents one of the most critical factors affecting cultivated crops. N is indeed a crucial macronutrient influencing major aspects, from plant development to productivity and final yield of lignocellulosic biomass, as well as content of bioactive molecules. N metabolism is fundamental as it is at the crossroad between primary and secondary metabolic pathways: Besides affecting the synthesis of fundamental macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, N is needed for other types of molecules intervening in the response to exogenous stresses, e.g. alkaloids and glucosinolates. By partaking in the synthesis of phenylalanine, N also directly impacts a central plant metabolic ‘hub’—the phenylpropanoid pathway—from which important classes of molecules are formed, notably monolignols, flavonoids and other types of polyphenols. In this review, an updated analysis is provided on the impact that N has on the multipurpose crop hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) due to its renewed interest as a multipurpose crop able to satisfy the needs of a bioeconomy. The hemp stalk provides both woody and cellulosic fibers used in construction and for biocomposites; different organs (leaves/flowers/roots) are sources of added-value secondary metabolites, namely cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and lignanamides. We survey the available literature data on the impact of N in hemp and highlight the importance of studying those genes responding to both N nutrition and abiotic stresses. Available hemp transcriptomic datasets obtained on plants subjected to salt and drought are here analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) categories related to N metabolism. The ultimate goal is to shed light on interesting candidate genes that can be further studied in hemp varieties growing under different N feeding conditions and showing high biomass yield and secondary metabolite production, even under salinity and drought.

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Low-phosphorus conditions affect the nitrogen nutrition and associated carbon costs of two legume tree species from a Mediterranean-type ecosystem

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt13264 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Anathi Magadlela ◽

Aleysia Kleinert ◽

Léanne L. Dreyer ◽

Alex J. Valentine

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Tree Species ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

P Uptake ◽

Cape Floristic Region ◽

N Nutrition ◽

Legume Tree ◽

Mediterranean Type Ecosystem ◽

The Impact

The role of phosphorus nutrition in two-legume tree species from the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) in South Africa was investigated. There is very little information about the functional adaptations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition in these legume trees growing in nutrient-poor soils. Nodulated Virgilia divaricata and V. oroboides tree saplings were grown in sterilised sand and supplied with Long Ashton nutrient solution, which was modified to contain either sufficient-phosphate (500 µM) or low-phosphate (5 µM) nutrient solution for 90 days. During low-P conditions, the growth of V. divaricata was not affected, whereas V. oroboides showed a decrease in growth. The decrease in V. oroboides under low-P conditions was related to the lower P uptake, which resulted in an alteration in belowground biomass allocation, which consequently affected on the N nutrition and carbon (C) cost of growth. In this regard, V. oroboides plants allocated less biomass to roots and nodules, as a proportion of whole plant growth. The impact of this was a decline in N nutrition, growth respiration and photosynthetic costs in V. oroboides. In contrast, V. divaricata maintained its P concentrations, photosynthetic costs and increased its nodule allocation under low-P conditions, to the benefit of N nutrition. The two CFR tree legumes appear to have different adaptations to low-P conditions, which may influence their N and P acquisition in their naturally low-P environment.

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Acute effects of non-homogenised and homogenised vegetables added to rice-based meals on postprandial glycaemic responses and in vitro carbohydrate digestion

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518002489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (9) ◽

pp. 1023-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruixin Zhu ◽

Manman Liu ◽

Yue Han ◽

Linlin Wang ◽

Ting Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Amplitude ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Cooked Rice ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Carbohydrate Digestion

AbstractThe addition of vegetable to carbohydrate-based meals was shown to contribute to glycaemic management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of homogenisation on vegetables added to rice meals in terms of acute glycaemic responses (GR). In a randomised crossover trial, sixteen healthy volunteers completed thirteen test sessions, which included two sessions for glucose control, two for rice and nine for different vegetable-rice mixed meals: cooked pak choi and cooked rice (CP+R); cooked cauliflower and cooked rice (CC+R); cooked eggplant and cooked rice (CE+R); and their homogenised counterparts, both raw or cooked. Postprandial GR tests, in vitro carbohydrate digestion and chemical analyses were carried out for each test meal. Compared with pure rice, CE+R, CP+R and CC+R meals achieved significantly lower glycaemic indexes (GI) of 67, 71 and 73, whereas their homogenised counterparts failed to show significant difference with rice. The hydrolysis indexes (HI) of CE+R, CP+R and CC+R were 69·6, 83·8 and 80·6 % of the HI of the rice control. CE had the greatest effect on lowering the GI, the incremental area under the blood glucose curve from 0 to 120 min, the peak glucose value, the maximum amplitude of glucose excursion in 0–120 min (MAGE0–120), the HI and rapid available starch. Both in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that incorporating non-homogenised cooked vegetables into a rice meal could slow the carbohydrate digestion and improve postprandial GR. Texture properties of vegetable may play an important role in underlying glycaemic control mechanisms.

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Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178404 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

K. P. Stanyukovich ◽

V. A. Bronshten

Keyword(s):

Explosive Charge ◽

The Moon ◽

Meteorite Impacts ◽

The Earth ◽

Lunar Craters ◽

The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

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