Phoma Leaf Spot Susceptibility and Horticultural Characteristics of Table Beet Cultivars in New York

Phoma leaf spot (PLS), caused by Phoma betae (syn. Neocamarosporium betae), is an important fungal disease affecting table beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) production in New York. PLS lesions on the foliage can lead to rejection in fresh market sales and can reduce leaf integrity, which can disrupt mechanized harvesting. Eight popular table beet cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to PLS using P. betae isolates representative of the New York population in two small-plot, replicated field trials in Geneva and Freeville, NY. There were significant differences in PLS incidence, severity, and epidemic progress (as measured by area under the disease progress stairs) and horticultural characteristics among cultivars. Non-red table beet cultivars (Avalanche, Boldor, and Chioggia Guardsmark) were less susceptible to PLS than red cultivars (Falcon, Merlin, Rhonda, Red Ace, and Ruby Queen). Significant differences in fresh weight of roots and dry weight of foliage were detected between cultivars at harvest (86 days after planting [DAP] in Freeville and 91 DAP in Geneva). Falcon had significantly higher root weight than Boldor, and Ruby Queen produced significantly more foliage than Boldor. Information on the performance of these cultivars provides locally valuable information for cultivar selection in a broad range of markets.

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Management of Cercospora Leaf Spot in Conventional and Organic Table Beet Production

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-17-0528-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (9) ◽

pp. 1642-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽

Niloofar Vaghefi ◽

Julie R. Kikkert

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Disease Control ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Production Systems ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽

Disease Progress ◽

Shoulder Diameter ◽

Small Plot

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS; Cercospora beticola) is the most important foliar disease affecting table beet. Epidemics occur annually and fungicides extend the survival of foliage to enable mechanized harvest. However, a high frequency of strobilurin-resistant C. beticola isolates necessitates the identification of fungicides with different modes of action for tactical rotation. There is also substantial demand for organically produced table beet, for which synthetic fungicides are prohibited. Five small-plot, replicated field trials were conducted over two years to evaluate conventional and Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI)-listed products for CLS control in table beet cv. Ruby Queen at Geneva and Ithaca, New York. Benzovindiflupyr + difenoconazole significantly reduced temporal disease progress (measured by the area under the disease progress stairs; AUDPS) by 86.7 to 97.3% compared with nontreated plots, and mean survival time of leaves was significantly extended. The demethylation inhibitor, propiconazole, also provided significant disease control in two trials in 2016. Disease severity in plots treated with succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (boscalid, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, and penthiopyrad) was significantly decreased compared with nontreated plots but less than other fungicides. Efficacious fungicides significantly increased the dry weight of foliage but did not significantly affect the dry weight of roots, and root shoulder diameter. The enhanced longevity of leaves and increased dry weight of foliage may extend opportunities for mechanized harvesting without deleteriously affecting root yield parameters which are strictly regulated for the processing markets. In two trials, copper octanoate + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (as Cueva + Double Nickel LC) resulted in significantly improved disease control in comparison with application of either product alone and provided comparable and reproducible disease control equivalent to conventional fungicides at both locations. The implications of these findings for CLS control in conventional and organic table beet production systems are discussed.

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Horticultural Characteristics and Susceptibility of Table Beet Cultivars to Cercospora Leaf Spot in New York

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03743-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽

Niloofar Vaghefi ◽

Julie R. Kikkert

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Field Trial ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Value Added ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Canopy Reflectance ◽

Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽

Disease Progress

Table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) production in New York is increasing for direct sale, use in value-added products, or processing. One of the most important diseases affecting table beet is cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS causes lesions on leaves that coalesce and leads to premature defoliation. The presence of CLS may cause buyer rejection at fresh markets. Defoliation from CLS may also result in crop loss because of the inability to harvest with top-pulling machinery. The susceptibility of popular table beet cultivars (Boldor, Detroit, Falcon, Merlin, Rhonda, Ruby Queen, and Touchstone Gold) to CLS was tested using C. beticola isolates representative of the New York population. Two trials were conducted by inoculating 6-week-old plants in the misting chamber. A small-plot replicated field trial was also conducted to examine horticultural characteristics of the cultivars. In the misting chamber trials, disease progress measured by the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS) was not significantly different between the red cultivars, Detroit and Ruby Queen, and was significantly higher in ‘Boldor’ than the other yellow cultivar Touchstone Gold. In the field trial, the number of CLS lesions per leaf at the final disease assessment and AUDPS were significantly lower in cultivar Ruby Queen than others and not significantly different between the yellow cultivars. The dry weight of roots was not significantly different among cultivars at first harvest (77 days after planting). At 112 days after planting, the dry weight of roots was significantly higher in cultivar Detroit than Rhonda and Boldor. Leaf blade length and the length:width ratio were cultivar-dependent, which may facilitate selection for specific fresh markets. Significant associations between canopy reflectance in the near infrared (IR) (830 nm), dry weight of foliage, and number of CLS lesions per leaf suggested that this technique may have utility for remote assessment of these variables in table beet research. Implications of these findings for the management of CLS in table beet are discussed.

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Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9030130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Flor Hernandez ◽

Rosalinda Villarreal ◽

Valentin Torres ◽

Adrien Gallou

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Agricultural Intensification ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flower Number ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

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Fertilizer and Cultivar Selection of Lettuce, Basil, and Swiss Chard for Hydroponic Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04178-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hardeep Singh ◽

Bruce Dunn ◽

Mark Payton ◽

Lynn Brandenberger

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optimum Production ◽

Selection Of

Nutrient-film technique (NFT) trials were conducted to quantify the effect of two different water-soluble hydroponic fertilizers (5N–4.8P–21.6K and 5N–5.2P–21.6K) on different cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and swiss chard (Beta vulgaris). Results indicated swiss chard yield was affected only by cultivars, with Fordhook Giant producing the greatest fresh weight across fertilizer treatments. For lettuce production, interaction between fertilizers and cultivars was significant. ‘Mirlo’ and ‘Rubysky’ had greater growth compared with other cultivars in both fertilizers, whereas Dragoon performed well using 5N–4.8P–21.6K, but not 5N–5.2P–21.6K. For basil, dry weight production showed a significant interaction between fertilizers and cultivars. ‘Largeleaf’ produced greater dry weight with 5N–4.8P–21.6K, whereas ‘Lemon’ produced greater dry weight with 5N–5.2P–21.6K. For nutrient concentration of leaves, the concentrations were within the recommended range for lettuce when fertilized with 5N–5.2P–21.6K. Nutrient concentrations varied by nutrient from the recommended range for basil, but there was no significant difference between fertilizers. For swiss chard, the nutrient concentrations were in the recommended range and there was no difference between fertilizers. Therefore, growers may need to use more than one type of fertilizer for different lettuce and basil cultivars for optimum production, whereas swiss chard cultivars can be selected based on yield regardless of fertilizer.

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kajian macam dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan ketela pohon

Innofarm:Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian ◽

10.33061/innofarm.v22i1.3525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Annisa Witular ◽

JM Sri Hardiatmi ◽

Kharis Triyono

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Height ◽

The Real ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Difference Test

Study the Types and Dosage of Organic Fertilizers of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The research to observe the development of cassava due to the influence of cassava based on organic fertilizer. This research was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020, in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 1 treatment, namely type and dose of organic fertilizers and obtained 10 combinations treatments and each was repeated 3 times. From the research data, analysis of variance will be carried out nd then the real difference test will be countinued with the real Honestly Significant Difference test at the 5% level. In this observation observed included 8 parameters: shoot height, longest root length, number of roots, number of leaves,fresh weight of planted roots, dry weight of planted roots, fresh weight of planting buds, and dry weight of planting buds. The results showed that (1) effect of kinds and dosages of organic fertilizer the effect very apparent in the parameters of the number of planted leaves, number of planted roots, longest root length, dry weight of planted roots, fresh weight of planted shoots and dry weight of planted shoots. Significantly affected the shoot height parameters. No significant effect is found on the parameters of the fresh root weight of the crop. (2) The dosage of 1.9 kg / polybag (MD7) fertilizer application gave the best results on the dry weight of shoots, 378 grams.

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Pengaruh Aplikasi Biostimulan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.)

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2018.14.1.41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Rismawaty Saban ◽

Henry Kesaulya ◽

Jeanne I Nendissa

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Weight ◽

Single Factor ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Mustard Plant

This study aimed to determine the effect of different biostimulant applications (solid and liquid) on the growth and yield of mustard plants. This study used a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of solid or liquid biostimulant treatment, each has twelve levels, i.e. K0 = without biostimulant, K1 = NPK 1 g per plant, solid and liquid biostimulant each consisting of 10 treatments = B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10. Solid biostimulant was given at 2.5 g per plant and liquid biostimulant at 10 ml per plant. The results showed that liquid biostimulant gave a significant effect on plant height, crop fresh weight, and crop dry weight; whereas solid biostimulant gave a very significant effect on entire weight, i.e. fresh weight of mustard plant, fresh root weight, and crop dry weight. The best treatment for liquid biostimulant was B1 treatment; whereas for the solid biostimulant was B7 treatment. Keywords: biostimulant, mustard, growth, yield ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi biostimulan yang berbeda (biostimulan padat dan cair) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktor tunggal yang terdiri dari perlakuan Biostimulan (padat dan cair) yang masing-masing perlakuan terdapat dua belas taraf (P): K0 = tanpa biostimulan, K1 = NPK 1 g/tan, Biostimulan padat dan cair masing-masing terdiri dari 10 perlakuan = B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10. Biostimulan padat 2.5 g/tan dan biostimulan cair 10 ml/tan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biostimulan cair memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman sawi, berat segar tanaman, dan berat kering tanaman, sedangkan biostimulan padat memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap semua bobot berat tanaman sawi yaitu berat segar tanaman, berat segar akar, dan berat kering tanaman. Perlakuan terbaik untuk biostimulan cair adalah perlakuan B1, sedangkan untuk biostimulan padat perlakuan yang terbaik adalah perlakuan B7. Kata kunci: biostimulan, sawi, pertumbuhan, produksi

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PENGGUNAAN AUKSIN ALAMI SEBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH (ZPT) TERHADAPPERTUMBUHAN STEK BIBIT JAMBU AIR (Syszygium samarangense)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v10i2.197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bonefasius Dule ◽

Murdaningsih Murdaningsih

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Root Weight ◽

Single Factor ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Onion Extract ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fresh Root

Use of Natural Auksin as Growth Zat (ZPT) Against Growth of Stam Breeding Water Jamboo (Syszygium samarangense).This study aims to determine the effect of the use of auksin extract of onion, garlic extract and onion extract as well as the effect of the best extract on the growth of water cashew cuttings (Syzygium samarangense)The study was arranged by Randomized Block Design with single factor pattern consisting of four treatments ie without auxin (A-0), auksin extract of onion (A-1), auksin garlic extract (A-2) and auksin garlic extract bombai (A-3). The observation variables in this study were: percentage of live cuttings (%), root length (cm), root quantity, fresh root weight (g), fresh weight weight (g), dry root weight (g) and dry weight weight (g)The results showed the use of axin onion extract 90%, can increase the percentage of live cuttings (2.99%), root length (51.22%); number of roots (56.55%), fresh root weight (47.54%); weight of fresh stover (26.22%); dry root weight (51.72%) and weight of dry stover (27.64%). The use of 90% onion extract gave the best influence to the growth of root cashew cuttings which resulted in live cuttings percentage (98.86%); root length (10.04 cm); number of roots (19,20); fresh root weight (2.02 g); fresh fresh weight (17.22 g); dry weight of roots (1.06 g) and weight of dry stover (8.60 g).

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In-row Spacing and Cultivar Affects Ear Yield and Quality of Early-planted Sweet Corn

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.12.3.410 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 410-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anusuya Rangarajan ◽

Betsy Ingall ◽

Michael Orfanedes ◽

David Wolfe

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Plant Population ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Upstate New York ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Cultivar Selection

Early-planted fresh market sweet corn (Zea mays) is prone to nonuniform ear length and quality due to uneven germination in cool soils. Growers compensate by reducing in-row spacing at seeding, to increase final plant stand. This risk management strategy was suspected to be reducing quality of early-planted sweet corn, based upon buyer feedback. Four experiments were conducted in upstate New York, to examine the effects of in-row spacing and cultivar on early-planted sweet corn ear yield, length and uniformity. Cultivars examined included `Temptation' (4 years), `Sweet Symphony' (3 years) and `Seneca Spring' (2 years). In-row spacings tested ranged from 6 to 9 inches (15.2 to 22.9 cm), using a 30-inch (76.2-cm) between-row spacing. In-row spacing and cultivar influenced marketable yield, husked ear weight and length of early-planted corn, but the extent varied by year. Despite improvements in individual ear weight and length at wider in-row spacing, marketable yield was usually higher at more narrow spacings. Increases in ear weight at wider spacings were usually associated with increases in weight of the outer, green husk. Average ear length of a cultivar varied between 0.2 and 0.6 inches (0.5 to 1.5 cm) in response to spacing. If ears longer than 7 inches (17.8 cm) were desired, 40% to 60% of ears satisfied this criteria if harvested from plants grown at 8-inch (20.3-cm) in-row spacing or a plant population of 26,000 plants/acre (64,200 plants/ha). Ear weight and length of `Seneca Spring' was not as affected by the in-row spacing treatments compared to the other two cultivars, perhaps due to the small size of this cultivar. Selection of smaller sized sweet corn cultivars for planting at high plant populations (6-inch in-row spacing) may reduce the variation in ear weight under challenging early season conditions. For cultivars with similar growth characteristics and maturities of `Temptation' and `Sweet Symphony,' a minimum in-row spacing of 8 to 9 inches or a plant population of 23,200 to 26,000 plants/acre (57,300 to 64,200 plants/ha) was recommended to minimize variation in ear yield and quality from first bareground plantings in the northeastern United States.

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343 Emergence of Five Lettuce Cultivars using Seeds Developed in Different Seasons

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.502c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 502C-502

Author(s):

Lynze Greenwood ◽

Janice M. Coons ◽

Henry R. Owen ◽

Lisa Ferguson ◽

Ronglin Wang

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Early Fall ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Dark Green ◽

Better Than

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most important U.S. fresh-market vegetables with year-round consumption. For winter markets, lettuce is produced in the southwestern states with plantings in early fall when soil temperatures are high. Seed germination of lettuce, however, is inhibited by soil temperatures over 25 °C. The objective of this study was to test the emergence and growth of five lettuce cultivars using two seedlots produced in winter or summer to provide information for improving stand establishment at high temperatures. Seeds of five cultivars (`Empire', `Parris Island Cos', `Waldmann's Green', `Prizehead', and `Dark Green Boston') produced in Yuma, Ariz., during summer or winter months were used. Seeds were planted in a greenhouse mix in plastic trays and grown in a growth chamber at 23, 25, 30 and 35 °C. After 4 weeks, number of emerged plants, number of leaves, height, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area were measured. At lower temperatures (23 and 25 °C), more plants emerged and plants developed more rapidly than at higher temperatures (30 and 35 °C). More plants emerged of `Empire' and `Parris Island Cos' than of `Waldmann's Green' or `Dark Green Boston'. Growth varied greatly for the different cultivars. At 35 °C, only `Empire' winter seed emerged. At other temperatures, summer seed lots generally were better than or equal to winter seedlots. This information suggests that seeds developed during the summer are more vigorous at emergence than those developed during the winter.

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PENAMPILAN AGRONOMI BERBAGAI AKSESI KATUK {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.} PADA DOSIS PUPUK UREA BERBEDA

JURNAL AGRONIDA ◽

10.30997/jag.v6i2.3626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ulfa Khaerunnisa ◽

Arifah Rahayu ◽

Yanyan Mulyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Root Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Two Factors ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Katuk {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr} is a leafy vegetable which requires nitrogen for itsvegetative growth. This study was aimed at assessing the agronomic performance of various accessions of katuk vegetable grown with different rates of urea fertilizer administration. A completely randomized design with two factors was used. The first factor was katuk accessions consisting of Sukaraja Sukabumi, Cugenang Cianjur, and Kemang Bogor. The second factor was urea fertilizer administration in five rates, namely 0, 33.3, 66.7, 100%, and 133.3% of recommended rate (R). Results showed that katuk plant of Sukabumi accession gave the best plant height and leaflet area. Katuk plant of Cianjur accession had the highest values of plant height, number of buds, yield fresh weight, yield dry weight, and root length. Katuk plant of Bogor accession was found to have the highest fresh root weight. Urea administration of 66.7-133.3% R resulted in katuk plant with the best values of plant height, number of buds, stem diameter. The widest leaf area was found in 100% R urea administration and the highest root weight was found in plants treated with 66.7% R urea administration. The increase of urea fertilizer doses starting from 33.3% R in Cianjur and Bogor katuk accession increased the total harvest wet weight and dry weight, while in Sukabumi accession the significant increase in production was at a dose of 100% R and 133.3% R urea. The increase in vitamin C content was significant in the application of 133.3% R urea fertilizer.

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