scholarly journals Young bumblebees may rely on both direct pollen cues and early experience when foraging

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1933) ◽  
pp. 20201615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian A. Ruedenauer ◽  
David Sydow ◽  
Johannes Spaethe ◽  
Sara D. Leonhardt

An adequate supply of macro- and micronutrients determines health and reproductive success in most animals. Many bee species, for example, collect nectar and pollen to satisfy their demands for carbohydrates, protein and fat, respectively. Bees can assess the quality of pollen by feeding on it, but also pre-digestively by means of chemotactile assessment. Whether they additionally use larval nutritional experience, as has been shown for Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori , is unknown. In this study, we tested whether pollen selection of bumblebee foragers is affected by nutritional experience (acquired before the onset of foraging) or solely by food quality. Bumblebee larvae were fed with one out of three different pollen blends. As adults, they were offered all three blends when they started foraging for the first time. We found all treatment groups to prefer one out of the three blends. This blend provided the highest nutritional quality and increased the bees' lifespan, as shown by feeding studies with microcolonies. Besides, bees also chose the pollen blend fed during their larval stage more often than expected, indicating a significant effect of pre-foraging experience on adult pollen foraging behaviour. The combination of both direct pollen quality assessment and pre-foraging experience (i.e. during the larval phase or as early imagines) seems to allow foraging bumblebees to efficiently select the most suitable pollen for their colony.

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Goran Zdunić ◽  
Irena Budić-Leto ◽  
Urska Vrhovsek ◽  
Iva Tomić-Potrebuješ ◽  
Edi Maletić

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>:A four-year study (2007 through 2010) was carried out to determine agronomic, biological, and oenological characteristics of Dobričić grapevines so as to evaluate this cultivar and protect it from extinction.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: 38 characteristics from the OIV descriptor list were used to describe young shoot, mature leaf, cluster, and berry morphology of Dobričić grapevines. The dimensions of an average leaf were constructed from measured leaf variables. A typical Dobričić genotype at nine microsatellite loci is presented. ELISA analysis revealed high virus incidence and all samples tested were GLRaV-3 positive. The profile of different classes of polyphenols in Dobričić wine was determined using HPLC and spectrophotometry. The concentrations of polyphenols in Dobričić wine, especially anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids and stilbenes, were high compared to major red wines reported in the literature. Descriptive sensory analysis was carried out to determine the aroma attributes describing a Dobričić monovarietal wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Knowledge of the biodiversity of the grapevine cultivars of Croatia is still scant. This study provides for the first time ampelographic and oenological information on Dobričić grapevines and demonstrates its high quality potential.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The results of the ampelographic characterization would be helpful in the identification and selection of Dobričić for cultivation in certain vine-growing areas. The outstanding quality of Dobričić makes it very promising for wine blending (colour improvement) and plant breeding purposes.</p>


Author(s):  
Milica Tosic Radev ◽  
Dušan Todorović

Early experience, forms of behaviour that parents expressed towards a child and the family environment in which a child grew up have a significant effect on the formulation of attitudes, needs and interests that later on influence professional orientation and the choice of occupation (Roe, 1956).The research was conducted on a sample of 448 students from 6 different faculties and attempt to examine the possible connection between the quality of family relationships of the student and  his/her professional interests, evaluated through education type, i.e. through selection of the field of study.  The quality of family relationships were operationalized by the Family quality of interactions scale - KOBI (Vulić - Prtorić, 2004).The results indicated differences in the expression of family dimensions between students of different faculties. The students of detached, technical sciences have a weaker feeling of having their mother’s acceptance, while the individuals from the group of students with the strongest feeling of rejection from both parents choose the field of psychology for their studies. Our results indicate the existence of differences between the subsamples of students in their experience of the family that go beyond gender differences, and suggest the need for further, more detailed research which could discover deeper, inner initiators that guide an individual’s choice of profession. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Stella Áurea Cristiane Gomes da Silva ◽  
Andreza Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Vivian Loges ◽  
Ana Cecília Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Regina Ceres Torres da Rosa

Abstract Brazil has been developing research for selection of native species of Paspalum for use as turfgrass, nevertheless little is known about the sanitary quality and pathogens associated to the seeds, being the aims of this study. Subsamples of 100 seeds of two accessions of Paspalum notatum Flügge (PN 01 and PN 04) and one accesses of Paspalum lepton Schult. (PL 01) were submitted to the blotter test at 20 °C with a 12-h photoperiod for 7 days. The Penicillium and Curvularia genus incidence were highest in the three accessions of Paspalum. The seed health quality was variable between accessions, with more than 56% of incidence of the fungus Curvularia on the seeds. This study reported for the first time the occurrence of Curvularia spp. and Cladosporium herbarium in seeds of P. lepton, in the Northeast region of Brazil.


Author(s):  
Adedapo Adewunmi Oluwatayo

For sustained profitability, architects must position themselves to attract new clients. This involves understanding potential clients’ choices and how these might impact on subsequent satisfaction. The study ranked criteria for architect selection and how these predict satisfaction among first-time private sector clients in Lagos, Nigeria. Data from a questionnaire survey were analysed using descriptive statistics, relative importance index and categorical regression, identifying timely delivery, cost of service and quality of previous services as the most important criteria. Although personal relationship has been said to influence selection of a professional service provider, this criterion was found to be of relatively low importance here. To attract private sector clients, architects should prioritise improved service delivery and construction skill development.


2021 ◽  
pp. 496-507
Author(s):  
Denis N. Shkarevsky ◽  

The problem of existence of the camp (penitentiary) justice in the USSR remains practically unexplored. Neither has not been studied the development of its personnel. The article is to highlight the stages of the personnel potential formation of camp courts and to determine the significance of the elections of 1948–49 to the camp courts. The article is based on an analysis of previously unpublished documents stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archives of Socio-Political History. The work is based on the use of historical, genetic, and systemic methods. For the first time, the dynamics of the development of personnel in the penitentiary justice has been revealed. There are two main stages. At the first stage, in 1944–48, the increase in formal indicators (legal education, age, work experience) was slow. The judges were selected and appointed by the People's Commissariat (Ministry) of Justice. The turning point was the election of judges of the penitentiary justice held in 1948–49. During the campaign, no more than 30% of staff by was renewed. Therefore, at the second stage, in 1949–54, the formal indicators of judges increased significantly. This, in its turn, influenced the quality of the hearings. In the early 1950s the formal indicators of the quality of the work of these bodies grew. By 1953 camp courts had higher formal cadre rates than people's courts. At the same time, the rates were lower than the indicators of supreme, regional, regional courts and other special courts. The new system for selection of personnel for penitentiary courts created new difficulties. For example, the Ministry of Justice was unable to make prompt appointments of judges on vacant positions. There was no consistent personnel reserve. Therefore, bypassing all existing norms, the practice of appointing trainee judges appeared. The sources of staff renewal in penitentiary courts remained stable during all studied period. These included other bodies of Soviet justice, such as people's courts, prosecution agencies. In penitentiary courts, the percentage of young staff with higher education was practically absent or insignificant. This ensured reception of trained staff, but led to a shortage of staff in donor bodies. Simultaneously with the election of judges of the camp courts in 1948–49, elections of people's assessors for these bodies took place. Among them, guards and camp workers predominated. Therefore, the camp courts were dependent on the penitentiary administration or were loyal to it.


Curationis ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Setsoe

Bafokeng Nursing College is a privately owned institution situated at the Impala Mines in Bophuthatswana. It selects and trains student nurses from all parts of Southern Africa in the comprehensive four-year course who at qualifying are free to work for Genmin or anywhere else in the country. The College is affiliated to Medunsa in offering the four-year comprehensive course. Selection is limited because of limited facilities. The old selection process was evaluated in 1985 and the new selection process started functioning in 1986 when the new course was offered for the first time at the College. With the new selection process, the drop-out rate is very low, the pass rate has improved and the quality of nursing care is improving.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 3175-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Richard ◽  
Stephen Sivo ◽  
Marissa Orlowski ◽  
Robert Ford ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
...  

Purpose This paper aims to test the idea generation capabilities of online text-based focus groups as compared to the traditional in-person focus groups using sustainability in the hospitality industry as the idea generation topic. Idea generation quantity and quality are analyzed and the theoretical and practical implications for the hospitality industry are discussed. Design/methodology/approach An experimental study tested the quality of ideas generated by online versus in-person focus groups. Participants were purposively sampled from the hospitality program at a large southeastern United States university and randomly assigned into one of two treatment groups: online text-based or traditional in-person focus groups. During both treatment groups participants generated ideas focused on sustainability in the hospitality industry. Findings The online focus group generated a comparable quantity of ideas, in addition to a similar average quality of ideas and number of good ideas. Practical implications The generation of ideas and the selection of opportunities drive the innovation process through which firms can strengthen their competitive advantage and maintain and grow market share and profitability. The results of this study may assist hospitality firms in determining which form of qualitative research delivers the highest return on investment by generating the best ideas at the lowest cost. Originality/value This paper breaks new ground by assessing the effectiveness of idea generation in online versus traditional focus groups, comparing both the quantity and quality of ideas generated from an experimental study that uses random assignment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Ratih Setyaningrum ◽  
Miftakhul Ulum ◽  
Tita Talitha

Cassava chips are a daily staple food for the community, cassava chips have a distinctive form that has never been changed since the first time they were made, namely a circular flat with a crispy texture. Cassava chips are food products made from cassava which have been known for a long time in Indonesia, cassava chips are also widely favored by the Indonesian people because they have a delicious, nutritious taste and the price is also affordable. Based on observations at SMEs know in the village of Manggar, Sluke District, Rembang Regency. It is known that the process of making cassava chips through various stages, ranging from the selection of cassava, cassava stripping and cassava cutting to pressing. In Mubarok UKM the cutting process is only done in 3 hours a day and in one month it is only done in 15 days. In Mubarok UKM, the cutting process still uses a simple tool, namely a knife, and a thread cutter by hand as the motor. With existing tools in UKM there are process constraints that are manual and require a long time, the resulting output is a little with a long time and the quality of pieces that are not uniform and the tools used are less ergonomic, the size of the tool, the tool still causes workers to be diseased, causing a decrease productivity. In this case I designed a tool for cassava cutters to improve the effectiveness and productivity of the MSME. The method used in the design of the tool is methodological. The rational method is one of the product design methods that uses a systematic approach at each stage to produce potential solutions. . Keyword: Cutting, Productivity, Cassava, Rational Method   Abstrak. Kripik singkong merupakan makanan pokok sehari-hari bagi masyarakat, kripik singkong memilikinbentuknyangnkhas yang tidak pernah diubah sejak pertama kali pembuatannya yaitu pipih melingkar dengan tekstur yang renyah. Kripik singkong merupakan produk makanan berbahan bakunsingkongnyang sudah dikenal sejaknlama dinIndonesia, kripik singkong juga banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena memiliki cita rasa yang nikmat, bergizi tinggi dan harganya juga terjangkau. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di UKM kripik singkong di desa Manggar, Kecamatan Sluke, Kabupaten Rembang. Diketahui proses pembuatan kripik singkong melalui berbagai tahapan, mulai dari pemilihan singkong, pengupasan singkong dan pemotongan singkong sampai dengan pengepresan. Di UKM Mubarok proses pemotongan hanya dilakukan dalam 3 jam saja dalam sehari dan dalam satu bulan hanya dikerjakan dalam 15 hari. Di UKM Mubarok proses pemotongan masih menggunakan alat sederhana yaitu pisau, dan pemotong ulir dengan menggunakan tangan sebagai motornya. Dengan alat yang ada pada UKM terdapat kendala prosesnya yang manual dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama, output yang dihasilkan sedikit dengan waktu yang cukup lama dan kualitas potongan yang tidak seragam dan alat yang digunakan kurang ergonomis, ukuran alat, alat masih menimbulkan kelelahan pekerja sehingga menimbulkan menurunnya produktivitas. Dalam hal ini saya merancang alat untuk pemotong singkong guna meningkatkan efektifitas dan prduktivitas UMKM tersebut. Metode yang digunakanndalamnperancangan alatntersebutnadalah metodenrasional. Metode rasional merupakan salah satu metode perancangan produk yang menggunakan pendekatan sistematis dalam tiap tahapan untuk menghasilkan solusi yang potensial. . Kata kunci : pemotong, produktivitas, singkong, Metode Rasional  


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lianggui Liu

In online social networks, it is crucial for a service consumer to find the most trustworthy path to a target service provider from numerous social trust paths between them. The selection of the most trustworthy path (namely, optimal social trust path (OSTP)) with multiple end-to-end quality of trust (QoT) constraints has been proved to be NP-Complete. Heuristic algorithms with polynomial and pseudo-polynomial-time complexities are often used to deal with this challenging problem. However, existing solutions cannot guarantee the efficiency of searching; that is, they can hardly avoid obtaining partial optimal solutions during searching process. Quantum annealing uses delocalization and tunneling to avoid falling into local minima without sacrificing execution time. It has been proved to be a promising way to many optimization problems in recently published literature. In this paper, for the first time, QA based OSTP algorithm (QA_OSTP) is applied to the selection of the most trustworthy path. The experiment results show that QA based algorithm has better performance than its heuristic opponents.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Crais ◽  
Melody Harrison Savage

Purpose The shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD)–level applicants to fill academic and research positions in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs calls for a detailed examination of current CSD PhD educational practices and the generation of creative solutions. The intended purposes of the article are to encourage CSD faculty to examine their own PhD program practices and consider the perspectives of recent CSD PhD graduates in determining the need for possible modifications. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 240 CSD PhD graduates and their perceptions of the challenges and facilitators to completing a PhD degree; the quality of their preparation in research, teaching, and job readiness; and ways to improve PhD education. Results Two primary themes emerged from the data highlighting the need for “matchmaking.” The first time point of needed matchmaking is prior to entry among students, mentors, and expectations as well as between aspects of the program that can lead to students' success and graduation. The second important matchmaking need is between the actual PhD preparation and the realities of the graduates' career expectations, and those placed on graduates by their employers. Conclusions Within both themes, graduate's perspectives and suggestions to help guide future doctoral preparation are highlighted. The graduates' recommendations could be used by CSD PhD program faculty to enhance the quality of their program and the likelihood of student success and completion. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11991480


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