Identification & correlation of bacterial diversity in oral cancer and long-term tobacco chewers- A case-control pilot study

Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive type of oral cancer (OC). It is the most common cancer among men, and accounts for almost 90 % of all oral cancers in India. Consumption of tobacco is a leading factor contributing to maximum oral cancer incidences as per the WHO. Hypothesis/Gap statement. Researchers reported a direct association of microorganisms with dysbiosis in various oral lesions including oral cancer. However, there is a dearth of information related to compositional changes in the oral microbiome in long-term tobacco chewers and the Indian oral cancer population. Aim. The aim of this study was to identify and correlate the bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of tobacco chewers, patients with oral cancer and healthy subjects in the Indian population. Methods. Oral rinse samples were collected for ten subjects in each group followed by DNA extraction. The variable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V6-V8) were amplified, sequenced, processed, and analysed using QIIME2 platform to assess alpha and beta diversity between the study groups. Results. This pilot study showed genus Streptococcus dominated the control group (18.54 %), and the abundance decreased in tobacco and OC group (9.63 and 5.45% respectively); whereas genus Prevotella dominated the tobacco and OC group (21.01 and 26.03% respectively). A shift in abundance of microbiome was observed from control population to oral cancer via the tobacco chewing population. Maximum alpha diversity of oral microbiome was found in Indian tobacco chewers. Beta diversity of tobacco chewers was similar to both the healthy population as well as oral cancer patients suggesting transitioning of the oral microbiome from healthy to oral cancer microbiome via the tobacco chewers microbiome. Conclusion. The data provides evidence of oral bacterial dysbiosis due to tobacco chewing habits that can further lead to progression towards cancer.

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Aquabacterium soli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil under the long-term application of bifenthrin

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.004768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lina Sun ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Kaihua Huang ◽

Weiguang Lyu ◽

Xinhua Gao

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Major Fatty Acid ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Aerobic Bacterium ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Novel Bacterium ◽

Pr China

Strain SJQ9T, an aerobic bacterium isolated from a soil sample collected in Shanghai, PR China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. It grew optimally at pH 7.0, 30–35 °C and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJQ9T fell within the genus Aquabacterium . The closest phylogenetic relatives of strain SJQ9T were Aquabacterium citratiphilum DSM 11900T (98.6 % sequence similarity) and Aquabacterium commune DSM 11901T (96.4 %). Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and positive for oxidase activity and negative for catalase. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain SJQ9T were consistent with those of the genus Aquabacterium : the major fatty acid was summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). The isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Strain SH9T exhibited a DNA–DNA relatedness level of 34±2 % with A. citratiphilum DSM 11900T and 28±3 % with A. commune DSM 11901T. Based on the obtained data, strain SJQ9T represents a novel species of the genus Aquabacterium , for which the name Aquabacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SJQ9T (=JCM 33106T=CCTCC AB 2018284T).

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VicRK and CovR polymorphisms in Streptococcus mutans strains associated with cardiovascular infections

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Letícia T. Oliveira ◽

Lívia A. Alves ◽

Erika N. Harth-Chu ◽

Ryota Nomura ◽

Kazuhiko Nakano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Type Species ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Common Species ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Content Type ◽

Virulence Gene Expression ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Link Type

Introduction. Streptococcus mutans , a common species of the oral microbiome, expresses virulence genes promoting cariogenic dental biofilms, persistence in the bloodstream and cardiovascular infections. Gap statement. Virulence gene expression is variable among S. mutans strains and controlled by the transcription regulatory systems VicRK and CovR. Aim. This study investigates polymorphisms in the vicRK and covR loci in S. mutans strains isolated from the oral cavity or from the bloodstream, which were shown to differ in expression of covR, vicRK and downstream genes. Methodology. The transcriptional activities of covR, vicR and vicK were compared by RT-qPCR between blood and oral strains after exposure to human serum. PCR-amplified promoter and/or coding regions of covR and vicRK of 18 strains (11 oral and 7 blood) were sequenced and compared to the reference strain UA159. Results. Serum exposure significantly reduced covR and vicR/K transcript levels in most strains (P<0.05), but reductions were higher in oral than in blood strains. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in covR regulatory and coding regions, but SNPs affecting the CovR effector domain were only present in two blood strains. Although vicR was highly conserved, vicK showed several SNPs, and SNPs affecting VicK regions important for autokinase activity were found in three blood strains. Conclusions. This study reveals transcriptional and structural diversity in covR and vicR/K, and identifies polymorphisms of functional relevance in blood strains, indicating that covR and vicRK might be important loci for S. mutans adaptation to host selective pressures associated with virulence diversity.

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Olivibacter jilunii sp. nov., isolated from DDT-contaminated soil

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.042416-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽

pp. 1083-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kai Chen ◽

Shu-Kun Tang ◽

Guang-Li Wang ◽

Guo-Xing Nie ◽

Qin-Fen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Type Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

The Family ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene

Bacterial strain 14-2AT, isolated from a long-term DDT-contaminated soil in China, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain 14-2AT was found to be Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated and rod-shaped. The new isolate was able to grow at 4–42 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and with 0–5 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the family Sphingobacteriaceae . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 14-2AT showed the highest similarity with Olivibacter oleidegradans TBF2/20.2T (99.4 %), followed by Pseudosphingobacterium domesticum DC-186T (93.8 %), Olivibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 060T (93.6 %), Olivibacter terrae Jip13T (93.1 %), Olivibacter soli Gsoil 034T (92.8 %) and Olivibacter sitiensis AW-6T (89.6 %). The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains 14-2AT and O. oleidegradans TBF2/20.2T was 34.45±2.11 %. Strain 14-2AT contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, aminophospholipid and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. MK-7 is the major isoprenoid quinone. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH are the major fatty acids. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data confirmed the affiliation of strain 14-2AT to the genus Olivibacter . On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, and chemotaxonomic data, strain 14-2AT is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Olivibacter , for which the name Olivibacter jilunii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 14-2AT ( = KCTC 23098T = CCTCC AB 2010105T).

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A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Sea Salt Based Oral Rinse in Gingivitis Patients

International Journal of Experimental Dental Science ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1108 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 116-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raju Anarthe ◽

Shubhangi Mani

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Sea Salt ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Oral Rinse ◽

Hygiene Measures

ABSTRACT Aim This pilot study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sea salt-based oral rinse as adjunct with conventional oral hygiene measures in gingivitis patients in terms of clinical parameters. Materials and methods A total 30 gingivitis patient between the ages of 18 and 55 years were enrolled in the study and divided under two categories. Clinical parameters were recorded prior to phase one therapy; and subjects were put on different oral hygiene regime with and without sea salt-based mouth rinse. At baseline and 3rd month subjects were evaluated. Results The results of this study showed that there was significant decrease in clinical parameters from baseline to 3 months in both the groups (p < 0.01). The subjects under groups using sea salt-based mouthwash showed a highly significant reduction to all the parameters as compared to subjects under groups using a conventional toothbrushing only. Conclusion Thus, we can conclude that long-term regular use of sea salt-based product seems to be more beneficial. How to cite this article Mani A, Mani S, Anarthe R. A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Sea Salt Based Oral Rinse in Gingivitis Patients. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):116-118.

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Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing-based subtyping methods for the surveillance of Shigella spp. and the confounding effect of mobile genetic elements in long-term outbreaks

Microbial Genomics ◽

10.1099/mgen.0.000672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Isabelle Bernaquez ◽

Christiane Gaudreau ◽

Pierre A. Pilon ◽

Sadjia Bekal

Keyword(s):

Whole Genome Sequencing ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Type Species ◽

Core Genome ◽

Outbreak Detection ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Interpretation Criteria

Many public health laboratories across the world have implemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the surveillance and outbreak detection of foodborne pathogens. PulseNet-affiliated laboratories have determined that most single-strain foodborne outbreaks are contained within 0–10 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based allele differences and/or core genome single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). In addition to being a food- and travel-associated outbreak pathogen, most Shigella spp. cases occur through continuous person-to-person transmission, predominantly involving men who have sex with men (MSM), leading to long-term and recurrent outbreaks. Continuous transmission patterns coupled to genetic evolution under antibiotic treatment pressure require an assessment of existing WGS-based subtyping methods and interpretation criteria for cluster inclusion/exclusion. An evaluation of 4 WGS-based subtyping methods [SNVPhyl, coreMLST, core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole-genome MLST (wgMLST)] was performed on 9 foodborne-, travel- and MSM-related retrospective outbreaks from a collection of 91 Shigella flexneri and 232 Shigella sonnei isolates to determine the methods’ epidemiological concordance, discriminatory power, robustness and ability to generate stable interpretation criteria. The discriminatory powers were ranked as follows: coreMLST<SNVPhyl<cgMLST<wgMLST (range: 0.970–1.000). The genetic differences observed for non-MSM-related Shigella spp. outbreaks respect the standard 0–10 allele/SNV guideline; however, mobile genetic element (MGE)-encoded loci caused inflated genetic variation and discrepant phylogenies for prolonged MSM-related S. sonnei outbreaks via wgMLST. The S. sonnei correlation coefficients of wgMLST were also the lowest at 0.680, 0.703 and 0.712 for SNVPhyl, coreMLST and cgMLST, respectively. Plasmid maintenance, mobilization and conjugation-associated genes were found to be the main source of genetic distance inflation in addition to prophage-related genes. Duplicated alleles arising from the repeated nature of IS elements were also responsible for many false cg/wgMLST differences. The coreMLST approach was shown to be the most robust, followed by SNVPhyl and wgMLST for inter-laboratory comparability. Our results highlight the need for validating species-specific subtyping methods based on microbial genome plasticity and outbreak dynamics in addition to the importance of filtering confounding MGEs for cluster detection.

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Construction and evaluation of a bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa reporter for use in preservative efficacy testing

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.001072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 167 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Rushton ◽

Denise Donoghue ◽

Matthew Bull ◽

Peter Jay ◽

Eshwar Mahenthiralingam

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Type Species ◽

Random Mutagenesis ◽

Light Output ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Term Evaluation ◽

Positive Attribute

Preservative efficacy testing (PET) is a fundamental practice in industrial microbiology used to ensure product shelf-life and quality. To improve on current growth-based PET, bioluminescence was evaluated as a real-time bacterial viability indicator using Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Random mutagenesis of an industrial P. aeruginosa strain with a promoter-less luxCDABE mini-Tn5 was used to select a stable reporter (LUX12H5) with an un-altered growth and preservative susceptibility phenotype. Bioluminescence and viability were measured with and without preservatives (isothiazolinones, phenoxyethanol, and dimethyl dimethylol hydantoin) and an antibiotic comparator (ciprofloxacin). In the absence of antimicrobials, a good correlation between bioluminescence and viability (r2=0.92) was established. However, metabolic inhibition by isothiazolinone preservatives caused a rapid decline in light output that did not correlate to a reduced viability. Conversely, after ciprofloxacin exposure, the decline in viability was greater than that of bioluminescence. A positive attribute of the bioluminescence was the early detection of metabolic recovery and re-growth of preservative injured bacteria. Overall, while initial bioluminescence read-outs were less suited to current PET requirements, it shows promise as an early, direct indicator of bacterial regrowth in the context of long-term evaluation of preservative efficacy.

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Candida albicans and Bacterial Microbiota Interactions in the Cecum during Recolonization following Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00449-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 80 (10) ◽

pp. 3371-3380 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Katie L. Mason ◽

John R. Erb Downward ◽

Kelly D. Mason ◽

Nicole R. Falkowski ◽

Kathryn A. Eaton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Vital Role ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Content Type ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Life Threatening Illness ◽

Bacterial Microbiota

ABSTRACTCandida albicansis a normal member of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota of healthy humans, but during host immunosuppression or alterations in the bacterial microbiota,C. albicanscan disseminate and cause life-threatening illness. The bacterial microbiome of the GI tract, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), plays a vital role in preventing fungal invasion. However, little is known about the role ofC. albicansin shaping the bacterial microbiota during antibiotic recovery. We investigated the fungal burdens in the GI tracts of germfree mice and mice with a disturbed microbiome to demonstrate the role of the microbiota in preventingC. albicanscolonization. Histological analysis demonstrated that colonization withC. albicansduring antibiotic treatment does not trigger overt inflammation in the murine cecum. Bacterial diversity is reduced long term following cefoperazone treatment, but the presence ofC. albicansduring antibiotic recovery promoted the recovery of bacterial diversity. Cefoperazone diminishesBacteroidetespopulations long term in the ceca of mice, but the presence ofC. albicansduring cefoperazone recovery promotedBacteroidetespopulation recovery. However, the presence ofC. albicansresulted in a long-term reduction inLactobacillusspp. and promotedEnterococcus faecalispopulations. Previous studies have focused on the ability of bacteria to alterC. albicans; this study addresses the ability ofC. albicansto alter the bacterial microbiota during nonpathogenic colonization.

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Association between long-term stressors and mental health distress following the 2013 Moore tornado: a pilot study

Journal of Public Mental Health ◽

10.1108/jpmh-07-2018-0038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 124-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lauren A. Clay ◽

Alex Greer

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Resource Loss ◽

Content Type ◽

Disaster Experience ◽

Health Distress ◽

Mental Health Distress ◽

Post Disaster

PurposeStress has considerable impacts on human health, potentially leading to issues such as fatigue, anxiety and depression. Resource loss, a common outcome of disasters, has been found to contribute to stress among disaster survivors. Prior research focuses heavily on clinical mental health impacts of disaster experience, with less research on the effect of cumulative stress during long-term recovery. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of stressors including resource loss and debt on mental health in a sample of households in Moore, Oklahoma, impacted by a tornado in 2013.Design/methodology/approachFor this pilot study, questionnaires were mailed to households residing along the track of the May 2013 tornado in Moore, OK. Descriptive statistics were calculated to report sample characteristics and disaster experience. Independent associations between disaster losses and demographic characteristics with the outcome mental health were examined withχ2and unadjusted logistic regression analysis. Adjusted logistic regression models were fit to examine resource loss and mental health.FindingsFindings suggest that the tornado had considerable impacts on respondents: 56.24 percent (n=36) reported that their homes were destroyed or sustained major damage. Greater resource loss and debt were associated with mental health distress during long-term recovery from the Moore, OK, 2013 tornadoes.Research limitations/implicationsThe association between resource loss and mental health point to a need for interventions to mitigate losses such as bolstering social support networks, incentivizing mitigation and reducing financial constraints on households post-disaster.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of long-term, accumulated stress post-disaster and the impact on health to a literature heavily focused on clinical outcomes.

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Escherichia coli EDL933 Requires Gluconeogenic Nutrients To Successfully Colonize the Intestines of Streptomycin-Treated Mice Precolonized with E. coli Nissle 1917

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.02943-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 1983-1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Silvia A. C. Schinner ◽

Matthew E. Mokszycki ◽

Jimmy Adediran ◽

Mary Leatham-Jensen ◽

Tyrrell Conway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Link Type ◽

Mouse Intestine ◽

K 12 ◽

Rule Out

Escherichia coliMG1655, a K-12 strain, uses glycolytic nutrients exclusively to colonize the intestines of streptomycin-treated mice when it is the onlyE. colistrain present or when it is confronted withE. coliEDL933, an O157:H7 strain. In contrast,E. coliEDL933 uses glycolytic nutrients exclusively when it is the onlyE. colistrain in the intestine but switches in part to gluconeogenic nutrients when it colonizes mice precolonized withE. coliMG1655 (R. L. Miranda et al., Infect Immun 72:1666–1676, 2004,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.3.1666-1676.2004). Recently, J. W. Njoroge et al. (mBio 3:e00280-12, 2012,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00280-12) reported thatE. coli86-24, an O157:H7 strain, activates the expression of virulence genes under gluconeogenic conditions, suggesting that colonization of the intestine with a probioticE. colistrain that outcompetes O157:H7 strains for gluconeogenic nutrients could render them nonpathogenic. Here we report thatE. coliNissle 1917, a probiotic strain, uses both glycolytic and gluconeogenic nutrients to colonize the mouse intestine between 1 and 5 days postfeeding, appears to stop using gluconeogenic nutrients thereafter in a large, long-term colonization niche, but continues to use them in a smaller niche to compete with invadingE. coliEDL933. Evidence is also presented suggesting that invadingE. coliEDL933 uses both glycolytic and gluconeogenic nutrients and needs the ability to perform gluconeogenesis in order to colonize mice precolonized withE. coliNissle 1917. The data presented here therefore rule out the possibility thatE. coliNissle 1917 can starve the O157:H7E. colistrain EDL933 of gluconeogenic nutrients, even thoughE. coliNissle 1917 uses such nutrients to compete withE. coliEDL933 in the mouse intestine.

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