scholarly journals Isolation of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+, or Salmonella Java, from Indonesia and alteration of the d-tartrate fermentation phenotype by disrupting the ORF STM 3356

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1661-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ho Han ◽  
Seon Young Choi ◽  
Je Hee Lee ◽  
Hyejon Lee ◽  
Eun Hee Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Difference ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever ◽  
Discrimination Method

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B [O1,4,(5),12 : Hb : 1,2] can cause either an enteric fever (paratyphoid fever) or self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The d-tartrate non-fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT− (S. Paratyphi B) is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, and the d-tartrate fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ (S. Paratyphi B dT+; formerly called Salmonella Java) causes gastroenteritis. S. Java is currently recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. Twelve dT+ S. Java isolates were collected in Indonesia between 2000 and 2002. One-third of them contained Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), which gives the multidrug-resistant phenotype to the bacteria. In this study, a PCR-based method to detect a single nucleotide difference responsible for the inability to ferment d-tartrate, reported elsewhere, was validated. The d-tartrate fermenting phenotype of S. Java was converted to the non-fermenting phenotype by the disruption of the ORF STM 3356, and the d-tartrate non-fermenting phenotype of the ORF STM 3356-disrupted strain and the dT− reference strain was changed to the dT+ phenotype by complementing ORF STM 3356 in trans. The results show that the dT+ phenotype requires a functional product encoded by STM 3356, and support the use of the PCR-based discrimination method for S. Paratyphi B and S. Java as the standard differentiation method.

scholarly journals Genomic Investigation of the Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Humans and Animals in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chand S. Mangat ◽  
Sadjia Bekal ◽  
Brent P. Avery ◽  
Geneviève Côté ◽  
Danielle Daignault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Integrated Program

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a zoonotic pathogen that often leads to invasive bloodstream infections in humans that are multidrug resistant. Described here are the results of Canadian national surveillance of S. Dublin from 2003 to 2015 in humans and bovines, principally collected through the Canadian Integrated Program for Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). An increase in human infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Dublin was observed in 2010, many of which were bloodstream infections. Phylogenomic analysis of human and bovine isolates revealed a closely related network that differed by only 0 to 17 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), suggesting some potential transmission between humans and bovines. Phylogenomic comparison of global publicly available sequences of S. Dublin showed that Canadian isolates clustered closely with those from the United States. A high correlation between phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was observed in Canadian isolates. IS26 replication was widespread among U.S. and Canadian isolates and caused the truncation and inactivation of the resistance genes strA and blaTEM-1B. A hybrid virulence and MDR plasmid (pN13-01125) isolated from a Canadian S. Dublin isolate was searched against NCBI SRA data of bacteria. The pN13-01125 coding sequences were found in 13 Salmonella serovars, but S. Dublin appears to be a specific reservoir. In summary, we have observed the rise of invasive MDR S. Dublin in humans in Canada and found that they are closely related to bovine isolates and to American isolates in their mobile and chromosomal contents.

scholarly journals A Study of Paratyphoid Fever in Bulgarian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
M. Pavlova ◽  
E. Alexandrova ◽  
Y. Kalchev ◽  
V. Velev ◽  
M. Murdjeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

Abstract Objective. To study both the molecular discrimination of D-tartrate fermenting and non-fermenting strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Paratyphi B isolated from patients with paratyphoid fever and the clinical course of this disease. Materials and methods. The isolates examined were from children aged 3 months to 9 years. A total of 33 Salmonella strains were serotyped as Salmonella Paratyphi B, with an antigenic formula based on O- and H- antigens: 1,4, [5], 12: b: 1,2 by Kauffmann–White classification. Results. Multiplex PCR analysis confirmed all tested strains as d-tartrate fermenting (dT+), also referred to as variant Java. Discussion. We found that the most common cause of paratyphoid fever among children in Bulgaria is variant Java Salmonella Paratyphi B. Most children had classic symptoms of acute gastroenteritis – fever, watery diarrhea and vomiting.

scholarly journals Ty21a Live Oral Typhoid Vaccine and Prevention of Paratyphoid Fever Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S24-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron M. Levine ◽  
Catterine Ferreccio ◽  
Robert E. Black ◽  
Rosanna Lagos ◽  
Oriana San Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

Isolation, identification and some characteristics of two lytic bacteriophages against Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium from various food sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 368 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaieh Sabzali ◽  
Majid Bouzari
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT Salmonellosis is an important worldwide food-borne disease. Increasing resistance to Salmonella spp. has been reported in recent years, and now the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. is a worldwide problem. This necessitates alternative approaches like phage therapy. This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages specific for Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from different sources (chicken meat, beef and eggshells). The antibiotic resistance profiles of the bacteria were determined by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes was examined by polymerase chain reaction. In total, 75% of the isolated Salmonella strains were resistant to tetracycline, whereas 70% of them were resistant to azithromycin. All of the isolates from beef were resistant to nalidixic acid. The most common extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes among the isolates were blaSHV (15%) followed by blaTEM (10%) and blaCTX (5%). Two specific bacteriophages were isolated and characterized. The host range for vB_SparS-ui was Salmonella Paratyphi B, S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. enterica, while that for vB_StyS-sam phage was Salmonella Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. The characteristics of the isolated phages indicate that they are proper candidates to be used to control some foodstuff contaminations and also phage therapy of infected animals.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis provides a deeper understanding of the population structure of the Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B complex in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman ◽  
Alyce Taylor-Brown ◽  
Farhana Khanam ◽  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
Gal Horesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

The Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B complex causes a wide range of diseases, from gastroenteritis to paratyphoid fever, depending on the biotypes Java and sensu stricto. The burden of Paratyphi B biotypes in Bangladesh is still unknown, as these are indistinguishable by Salmonella serotyping. Here, we conducted the first whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study on 79 Salmonella isolates serotyped as Paratyphi B that were collected from 10 nationwide enteric disease surveillance sites in Bangladesh. Placing these in a global genetic context revealed that these are biotype Java, and the addition of these genomes expanded the previously described PG4 clade containing Bangladeshi and UK isolates. Importantly, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were scarce amongst Bangladeshi S. Java isolates, somewhat surprisingly given the widespread availability of antibiotics without prescription. This genomic information provides important insights into the significance of S. Paratyphi B biotypes in enteric disease and their implications for public health.

scholarly journals Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi B Isolates Collected in France between 2000 and 2003 Is Due Mainly to Strains Harboring Salmonella Genomic Islands 1, 1-B, and 1-C

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2793-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Weill ◽  
Laëtitia Fabre ◽  
Bernadette Grandry ◽  
Patrick A. D. Grimont ◽  
Isabelle Casin
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
National Reference Center

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of multiple-antibiotic resistance among 261 clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B strains collected between 2000 and 2003 through the network of the French National Reference Center for Salmonella. The 47 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates identified (18%), were characterized on the basis of the presence of several resistance genes (bla TEM, bla PSE-1, bla CTX-M, floR, aadA2, qacEΔ1, and sul1), the presence of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) by PCR mapping and hybridization, and the clonality of these isolates by several molecular (ribotyping, IS200 profiling, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) and phage typing methods. The results of PCR and Southern blot experiments indicated that 39 (83%) of the 47 S. enterica serotype Paratyphi B biotype Java MDR isolates possessed the SGI1 cluster (MDR/SGI1). Among these 39 MDR/SGI1 isolates, only 3 contained variations in SGI1, SGI1-B (n = 1) and SGI1-C (n = 2). The 39 MDR/SGI1 isolates showed the same specific PstI-IS200 profile 1, which contained seven copies from 2.6 to 18 kb. Two PstI ribotypes were found in MDR/SGI1 isolates, RP1 (n = 38) and RP6 (n = 1). Ribotype RP1 was also found in two susceptible strains. Analysis by PFGE using XbaI revealed that all the MDR/SGI1 isolates were grouped in two related clusters, with a similarity percentage of 82%. Isolation of MDR/SGI1 isolates in France was observed mainly between the second quarter of 2001 and the end of 2002. The source of the contamination has not been identified to date. A single isolate possessing the extended-spectrum β-lactamase bla CTX-M-15 gene was also identified during the study.

scholarly journals Two Sequential Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata with Multidrug-Resistance to Posaconazole and Echinocandins

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Qiqi Wang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Xuan Cai ◽  
Ruoyu Li ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Echinocandin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent causative pathogens of invasive candidiasis, and multidrug-resistant strains are emerging. We identified two clinical isolates of C. glabrata, BMU10720 and BMU10722 sequentially isolated from one patient with multidrug-resistance to posaconazole (POS), caspofungin (CAS), micafungin (MCF), and anidulafungin (ANF). Overexpression of ERG11 in BMU10720 and CDR1 in BMU10722 were detected at basal level. When exposed to POS, CDR1 was significantly up-regulated in both isolates compared with susceptible reference strain, while ERG11 was up-regulated considerably only in BMU10720. PDR1 sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored P76S, P143T, and D243N substitutions, while ERG11 was intact. Cdr1 inhibitor FK520 reversed POS-resistance by down-regulating ERG11 expression. FKS sequencing revealed that both isolates harbored S663P substitution in FKS2, and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) existed in FKS2 genes between BMU10720 and BMU10722, while FKS1 was intact. Both FKS1 and FKS2 were up-regulated by CAS in BMU10720 and BMU10722. FK520 down-regulated FKS2 expression induced by CAS through inhibiting calcineurin, resulting in synergic effect with echinocandins as well as Congo Red and Calcofluor White, two cell wall-perturbing agents. In conclusion, the multidrug-resistance of C. glabrata isolates in our study was conferred by different mechanisms. CDR1 and ERG11 overexpression in one isolate and only CDR1 overexpression in the other isolate may mediate POS-resistance. S663P mutation in FKS2 and up-regulation of FKS2 may contribute to echinocandin-resistance in both isolates.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B (dT+) and Heidelberg Strains from the Colombian Poultry Chain: TABLE 1 

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Donado-Godoy ◽  
Johan F. Bernal ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Gomez ◽  
Richa Agarwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Paratyphi B

Salmonella enterica is a pathogen of significant public health importance that is frequently associated with foodborne illness. We report the whole-genome sequences of four multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B and Heidelberg strains, isolated from the Colombian poultry chain. The isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

scholarly journals In Vitro Synergism of Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime against Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotypes Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 3696-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Prasad Neupane ◽  
Dong-Min Kim ◽  
Sung Hun Kim ◽  
Bok Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Rifampin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Paratyphoid fever is considered an emerging systemic intracellular infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Paratyphi A, B, and C. We performed in vitro time-kill studies on three clinical isolates of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella serotype Paratyphi (NARSP) with different concentrations of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime to identify combinations of antibiotics with synergistic activity against paratyphoid fever. Furthermore, we identify the frequency of mutations to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and rifampin resistance and also sequenced the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes to identify the cause of resistance in NARSP. When the activity of ciprofloxacin at 0.75× MIC (0.012 to 0.38 μg/ml) with cefotaxime at the MIC (0.125 to 0.25 μg/ml) against all three NARSP isolates was investigated, synergy was observed at 24 h, and the bacterial counts were reduced by >3 log10 CFU/ml. This synergy was elongated for up to 72 h in two out of three isolates. When ciprofloxacin at 0.75× MIC (0.012 to 0.38 μg/ml) was combined with cefotaxime at 2× MIC (0.25 to 0.50 μg/ml), synergy was prolonged for up to 72 h in all three isolates. Both Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A isolates carried single mutations in codon 83 of the gyrA gene and codon 84 of the parC gene that were responsible for their reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, while no mutations were found in the gyrB or parE gene. The ciprofloxacin-plus-cefotaxime regimen was very effective in reducing the bacterial counts at 24 h for all three isolates, and this combination therapy may be helpful in reducing the chance of the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants in patients with severe paratyphoid fever.

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manish Kulshrestha ◽  
Dr. Anjali Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bone Marrow Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Culture Positive

INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever includes typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Peak incidence is seen in children 5–15 years of age; but in regions where the disease is highly endemic, as in India, children younger than 5 years of age may have the highest infection rates. There are about 22 million new typhoid cases occur each year. Young children in poor, resource limited areas, who make up the majority of the new cases and there is a mortality figures of 215,000 deaths annually. A sharp decline in the rates of complications and mortality due to typhoid fever is observed as a result of introduction of effective antibiotic therapy since 1950s. MDR-ST became endemic in many areas of Asia, including India soon after multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (MDR-ST) that were resistant to all the three first-line drugs then in use, namely chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole emerged in early 1990s. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Only blood culture or bone marrow culture positive cases were included. The patients with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion method using antibiotic discs. The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out as per CLSI interpretative guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 82 culture positive cases were included in the present study. 80 culture isolates were from blood culture and 2 from the bone marrow culture. Salmonella entericasubspecies enterica serovartyphi (S typhi) was isolated from 67 (81.70%) patients while Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarparatyphi (S paratyphi A) was isolated from 13 (15.85%) cases and 2 (2.44%) were Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarschottmuelleri (S paratyphi B). Of the 82 cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, one (1.2%) case each was resistant to Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 2 (2.4%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, 10 (12.2%) were resistant and to cotrimoxazole 3 (3.7%) were resistant. CONCLUSION: In a culture positive cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistant isolates were 65(79.3%).

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