scholarly journals Atmospheric Emissions, Depositions, and Transformations of Arsenic in Natural Ecosystem in Finland

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1667-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun B. Mukherjee ◽  
Prosun Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Ancient Times

For the last 2 decades, special attention has been paid to arsenic due to its high concentration in groundwater in many regions of the globe. There are not very many reports on arsenic concentration in the Finnish ecosystem, although the metal has been known to be highly toxic since ancient times. For the majority of people in Finland, the leading exposure route to arsenic is through food consumption.In this study, it has been observed that atmospheric emissions of arsenic from anthropogenic sources have decreased by 90%, which is due to better control technology and strict regulation. Aquatic discharge also was attenuated from 7.1 metric tons (t) in 1990 to 0.7 t in 1999. The concentration of arsenic aerosols in the atmosphere in Finland varies between 0.46 to 0.75 ng m–3. Its use in pesticides and insecticides also has been phased out in Finland. There is no information available regarding arsenic species in the Finnish environment.Elevated concentrations of arsenic in groundwater has been reported for many countries. In Finland two hot spots are reported – one in the south of Finland and the second in Lapland. In these areas, arsenic concentration in well water is greater than 10 μg l–1(WHO recommended value: <10 μg l–1). It is believed that the release of arsenic into the Finnish groundwater is geogenic.

Arsenic Contamination and its Speciation in the Water System around the Abandoned Dongil Au-Ag Mine in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Min Yi ◽  
Jin Soo Lee ◽  
Hyo Taek Chon
Keyword(s):  
Stream Water ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Water System ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Sequential Extraction Analysis ◽  
Fe Oxyhydroxides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stream Waters

This study was made to investigate the extent and degree of As contamination in waters and sediments influenced by previous mining activity in the abandoned Dongil Au-Ag mine. Arsenic species was also identified in surface waters and groundwater. The chemical form of As in sediments was examined using sequential extraction analysis. The major contamination source of As in the mine area is suggested to be tailings with elevated levels of 8,718 As mg/kg. This was associated with the release of high level of As into the water system in the study area. The pH values of water samples ranged from 7.7 to 10.1, which was neutral to strong alkaline due to buffering effect by high concentration of Ca and Mg dissolved from carbonate mineral and weathering of concrete. Stream waters contained high level of As within the range of 40.5 to 150.4 ㎍/L and most waters exceeded the permissible level (50 ㎍/L) of As for stream water in Korea. The concentration ratios of As(Ⅲ) to As (total), however, extended in the range of 5.8 to 75% and increased at low pH condition in stream waters. Arsenic concentration in sediments digested by aqua regia (HNO3+HCl) ranged from 162 to 2,077 mg/kg. The highest concentration of As may be due to the direct inflow of tailings. The relatively high percentage (17.1~35.3%) of As coprecipitated with amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides indicates that more severe contamination of As can occur by re-extracting due to changes of chemical environment such as reducing condition.

scholarly journals The occurrence and evolution of arsenic in aquifers of the Avala volcanic complex (outskirts of Belgrade, Serbia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Maja Poznanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Popovic ◽  
Tanja Petrovic-Pantic ◽  
Darko Spahic ◽  
Goran Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Water Springs

Avala Mountain is accommodated 15 km southward from the city of Belgrade and extends over the area of about 10 km2. Avala Mountain is a cultural and historical heritage of Belgrade qualified by the Law on Environmental protection. The area is abundant with water springs that have been exploited by tourist facilities and local population. By analyzing groundwater sampled from several springs and wells located in a vicinity of the Avala magmatic entity here we study the occurrence, concentration and origin of arsenic pollutant. The investigated springs are accommodated within the faulted complex of Mesozoic carbonate and clastic sediments, serpentinite, further intruded by the Tertiary magmatic rocks. By using the concentrations of the major and minor components(e.g. Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn) in groundwater, the relationship between groundwater and local lithostratigraphic units is outlined. Chemical analysis of the investigated waters shows that arsenic concentration in groundwater of the investigated area is in range from 3.0 to 102.0 ?g/l. Arsenic concentrations over the maximum allowed value in drinking water (10 ?g/l) are detected in more than 55% cases. The occurrence of arsenic in groundwater can be attributed to local igneous rocks, i.e. to the process of oxidation of sulphide minerals with As (major or minor presence) ? primarily arsenopyrite or pyrite. Groundwater with higher concentration of arsenic (above10 ?g/l) is exploited as drinking water used by tourists and by local population. Along term use of the water with high concentration of arsenic impose a major health risk.

Causes and distribution of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh: evidence from the literature

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Human Error ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Tube Wells

In attempting to eliminate disease caused by drinking polluted surface water, millions of tube-wells were drilled in Bangladesh. However, owing to arsenic in groundwater, the availability of safe drinking water has declined from earlier achievement of 97% to 51.2%. This article reviews the causes and distribution of arsenic concentration in rural Bangladesh from a wide variety of literature. Scientists have converged to two hypotheses for causes of arsenic in groundwater: the pyrite oxidation hypothesis and the oxy-hydroxide reduction hypothesis. There is a positive correlation between arsenic content in irrigated groundwater and arsenic contained in soils. There is a significant presence of arsenic in rice and leafy vegetables. Today, arsenic is causing toxicity to human health and creating major social problems. This finding implies that, had there been a precautionary measure taken when a new technology tube-well was being introduced, in the form of testing water for harmful metals, the risk that the rural population is facing now could have been drastically reduced. This lack of precautionary measure, before starting a mass installation of tube-wells for drinking and irrigation should be seen as a “human error” and avoided in future water policy and planning.

Groundwater phosphorus concentrations: global trends and links with agricultural and oil and gas activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Warrack ◽  
Mary Kang ◽  
Christian von Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Global Trends

&lt;p&gt;Although observations show that anthropogenic phosphorus (P) can reach groundwater supplies, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of P in groundwater at the global scale. Additionally, there have been minimal studies on distributed sources, such as agriculture, and the effects of oil and gas activities on P contamination in groundwater are poorly understood. We compile and analyze 181,653 groundwater P concentrations from 13 government agencies and 8 individual research studies in 11 different countries in order to determine the extent of P pollution at the global scale. We find that every country with data has groundwater P concentrations that pose a significant risk of eutrophication to surface waters. In Canada and the United States, we study the relationship between land use, focusing on crop/pastureland, and increased P concentrations in groundwater. In Ontario and Alberta, two Canadian provinces with different histories of oil and gas development, we find areas with a high concentration of P groundwater pollution to coincide with regions of intense oil and gas activity. Understanding the effects of anthropogenic sources on phosphorus contamination of groundwater and identifying all possible pathways through which contamination can occur will assist regulators in planning and implementing effective strategies to manage groundwater and surface water quality and sustain ecosystem health.&lt;/p&gt;

Profile distribution of As(III) and As(V) species in soil and groundwater in Bozanta area

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Frentiu ◽  
S. Vlad ◽  
M. Ponta ◽  
C. Baciu ◽  
I. Kasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Trigger Level ◽  
Maximum Contaminant Level ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Baia Mare ◽  
Profile Distribution

AbstractThe profile distribution of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) species in soil and groundwater was investigated in the samples collected in 2005 from a hand-drilled well, in the Bozanta area, Baia Mare region, Romania. The total content of arsenic in the soil was in the range of 525–672 mg kg−1 exceeding 21–27 times the action trigger level for sensitive soil. 0.9–11.3 % of the total content was soluble in water, 83.0–92.6 % in 10 mol dm−3 HCl and 2.6–13.3 % was the residual fraction. Arsenic(V) was the dominant arsenic species in the soil in the range of 405–580 mg kg−1. The distribution and mobility of arsenic species was governed by soil pH and contents of Al, Fe, and Mn. The mobility of arsenic(V) decreased with depth, while that of arsenic(III) was high at the surface and in the proximity of groundwater. The total concentration of arsenic in groundwater was (43.40 ± 1.70) µg dm−3, which exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 µg dm−3.

Environmental contamination by arsenic and lead in some rural villages in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Noda ◽  
Reika Hakamada ◽  
Kazuyki Suzuki ◽  
Teruo Miura ◽  
Koichiro Sera
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tube Well

This investigation focuses on the arsenic contamination problems in tube well groundwater systems and the different forms of arsenic and other toxic elements accumulated in human hair samples taken in a rural area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The local residents at the study site depend on groundwater as their major source of household water. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH of groundwater samples were measured directly after the sampling of groundwater. Arsenic concentrations were measured directly in water samples by a colorimetric arsenic analysis kit after the water was pumped from a tube well and/or at a nearby laboratory. Human hair samples from the residents of the villages in the study site were analyzed by PIXE to measure a wide range of elements. An atomic absorption spectrometer was also used to measure arsenic concentrations. The results indicated that the concentrations of arsenic in groundwater and human hair were significantly higher in the village of Bada Kanjasa than in the villages of Kanua and Chota Kanjasa (P< 0.05), clearly indicating that the higher arsenic concentration in groundwater reflected the accumulation of arsenic in human hair in the residents of Bada Kanjasa. The PIXE analysis also revealed an unusually high concentration of lead in human hair samples from Chota Kanjasa. Although the actual health effects and the detailed exposure mechanisms remain to be investigated, lead pollution is suspected to be the source of the exposure.

scholarly journals The controlling of paleo-riverbed migration on Arsenic mobilization in groundwater in the Red River Delta, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Dang Tran Trung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Nhan ◽  
Than Van Don ◽  
Nguyen Kim Hung ◽  
Jolanta Kazmierczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Arsenic Mobilization ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Combination Of Methods

In the Red River Delta, the concentrations of Arsenic in groundwater of alluvial dominated systems are very high, exceeding the WHO’s permissible. The correlation between the Arsenic concentrations in groundwater and the age of Holocene sediment as a key controlling groundwater Arsenic concentration in the Red River delta has been investigated. The evolution of sediments in the Holocene is closely related to paleo-riverbed migration in the past. A combination of methods is implemented including remote sensing, multi-electrode profiling (MEP), gamma-logging, drilling, soil sample and groundwater modeling. The resul has identified the shape, sediment compositions and location of the six paleo-riverbed periods. The age of the paleo-riverbed is determined by drilling, soil sampling and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in the laboratory. The oldest sediments is 5.9±0.4 ka BP in Phung Thuong near the mountain, the youngest one is from 0.4÷0.6 ka BP in H-transect near the Red River and the rest of the other is around 3.5 ka BP. The modeling results by using MODFLOW and MT3D show that the dynamics of paleo-riverbeds controlling Arsenic mobilization in groundwater in the Red River Delta. When the river moved to another position, the current river position at that time was filled with younger sediments and became paleo-riverbed formation with reducing conditions, Arsenic content which was adsorbed in the previous stage then released into groundwater. Therefore, Arsenic concentration in groundwater of young Holocene sediments is higher than in older ones which elucidates that paleo-riverbed migration controls on Arsenic mobilization in groundwater in the study area.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Parts of Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sanober Rafi ◽  
Owais Niaz ◽  
Sadaf Naseem ◽  
Umair Majeed ◽  
Humaira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Local Geology

This study is aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality of Gulshan-e-Iqbal and Liaquatabad towns inKarachi. Thirty (n=30) groundwater samples were randomly collected from different locations by electrically pumpedwells at various depths (14-91m). All the water samples were analyzed to determine their suitability for drinkingpurpose based on various physicochemical parameters. Data reveal that high concentration of TDS and hardness havedeteriorated the groundwater quality of study area. The main phenomenon responsible for groundwater pollution is theseawater intrusion due to the proximity of study area to the Arabian sea. Large scale unplanned urbanization, poorwaste management and other anthropogenic activities have also triggered the deterioration of groundwater quality.Study showed that local geology plays vital role in the distribution of major cations and anions. Data suggested thatground water of this study area is highly contaminated by seawater intrusion and considered not fit for drinkingpurpose.

scholarly journals Joint Use of in-Scene Background Radiance Estimation and Optimal Estimation Methods for Quantifying Methane Emissions Using PRISMA Hyperspectral Satellite Data: Application to the Korpezhe Industrial Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nesme ◽  
Rodolphe Marion ◽  
Olivier Lezeaux ◽  
Stéphanie Doz ◽  
Claude Camy-Peyret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Data Application

Methane (CH4) is one of the most contributing anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) in terms of global warming. Industry is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane, which are currently only roughly estimated. New satellite hyperspectral imagers, such as PRISMA, open up daily temporal monitoring of industrial methane sources at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Here, we developed the Characterization of Effluents Leakages in Industrial Environment (CELINE) code to inverse images of the Korpezhe industrial site. In this code, the in-Scene Background Radiance (ISBR) method was combined with a standard Optimal Estimation (OE) approach. The ISBR-OE method avoids the use of a complete and time-consuming radiative transfer model. The ISBR-OEM developed here overcomes the underestimation issues of the linear method (LM) used in the literature for high concentration plumes and controls a posteriori uncertainty. For the Korpezhe site, using the ISBR-OEM instead of the LM -retrieved CH4 concentration map led to a bias correction on CH4 mass from 4 to 16% depending on the source strength. The most important CH4 source has an estimated flow rate ranging from 0.36 ± 0.3 kg·s−1 to 4 ± 1.76 kg·s−1 on nine dates. These local and variable sources contribute to the CH4 budget and can better constrain climate change models.

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