scholarly journals Highly Efficient Antibiofilm and Antifungal Activity of Green Propolis against Candida species in dentistry material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rabelo Falcão Bezerra ◽  
Katia Regina Assunção Borges ◽  
Rita de Nazaré Silva Alves ◽  
Amanda Mara Teles ◽  
Igor Vinicius Pimentel Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Strong Intensity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Orthodontic Materials

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the influence of green propolis’ extract on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida species on dentistry material.MethodsPhytochemical analysis of green propolis’ extract was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Adhesion was quantified in a Neubauer chamber, counting the number of yeast cells adhered to the fragments; Biofilm formation was determined by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU). The intensity of biofilm formation adhesion was classified as negative, weak, moderate, strong and very strong. Fifteen compounds were identified in green propolis extract, mainly flavonoids.ResultsAll strains were able to adhere and form biofilm on the surface of the orthodontic materials studied. In steel and resin, the adhesion intensity of the yeast cells was weak at all incubation times, except for C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis which at 12hs showed moderate intensity. Regarding biofilm formation (24 and 48 hours), it was observed in the steel that C. albicans had moderate intensity at 24 and 48 hours; C. parapsilosis at 24 and 48 hours had very strong intensity; C. tropicalis at 24 hours had strong intensity and at 48 hours very strong. While in the resin, all species at 24 and 48 hours had strong intensity, except for C. tropicalis which at 48 hours had very strong intensity. Green propolis extract showed antifungal activity and was able to inhibit both adhesion and biofilm formation at 2.5 μg/mL.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the idea that green propolis has antifungal activity and interferes with virulence factors of Candida species.

scholarly journals Highly efficient antibiofilm and antifungal activity of green propolis against Candida species in dentistry materials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0228828
Author(s):  
Carolina Rabelo Falcão Bezerra ◽  
Katia Regina Assunção Borges ◽  
Rita de Nazaré Silva Alves ◽  
Amanda Mara Teles ◽  
Igor Vinicius Pimentel Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dental Material ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Strong Affinity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Orthodontic Materials

This study evaluated the effect of green propolis extract on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida species in dentistry materials. Phytochemical analysis of green propolis extract was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Adhesion was quantified by counting the number of yeast cells adherent to dental material fragments in a Neubauer chamber. Biofilm formation was determined by counting colony-forming units recovered from dental material fragments. The intensity of biofilm adhesion was classified as negative, weak, moderate, strong, or very strong. Fifteen compounds, mainly flavonoids, were identified in green propolis extract. All strains adhered to and formed biofilms on the surfaces of the orthodontic materials studied. On steel and resin, yeast cell adhesion intensities were weak at all incubation times, except for those of Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, which were moderate at 12 h. At 24 and 48 h, C. albicans formed biofilms on steel with moderate adhesion affinities; at 24 and 48 h, C. parapsilosis formed biofilms with very strong affinities. C. tropicalis formed biofilms with strong and very strong affinities at 24 and 48 h, respectively. On resin, all species displayed strong affinity for biofilm formation at 24 and 48 h, except for C. tropicalis, which displayed very strong affinity at only 48 h. Green propolis extract displayed antifungal activity and inhibited both adhesion and biofilm formation at 2.5 μg/mL. This study reinforces the idea that green propolis has antifungal activity and interferes with the virulence of Candida species.

scholarly journals Control ofCryptococcus GattiiBiofilms by an Ethanolic Extract ofCochlospermum Regium(Schrank) Pilger Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adriana A. Almeida-Apolonio ◽  
Wellinton J. Cupozak-Pinheiro ◽  
Vagner M. Berres ◽  
Fabiana G. S. Dantas ◽  
Terezinha I. E. Svidzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Serious Disease

Cryptococcus gattiiis an etiologic agent of cryptococcosis and a serious disease that affects immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients worldwide. The therapeutic arsenal used to treat cryptococcosis is limited to a few antifungal agents, and the ability ofC. gattiito form biofilms may hinder treatment and decrease its susceptibility to antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of an ethanolic extract ofCochlospermum regium(Schrank) Pilger leaves againstC. gattii. The antifungal activity was assessed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution technique and interaction of the extract with fluconazole was performed of checkerboard assay. The antibiofilm activity of the extract was evaluated in 96-well polystyrene microplates, and the biofilms were quantified by counting colony forming units. The extract showed antifungal activity at concentrations of 62.5 to 250μg/mL and when the extract was evaluated in combination with fluconazole,C. gattiiwas inhibited at sub-MIC levels. The antibiofilm activity of the extract againstC. gattiiwas observed both during biofilm formation and on an already established biofilm. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of the leaves ofC. regiumshows promise for the development of antifungal drugs to treat cryptococcosis and to combatC. gattiibiofilms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of the Licania Rigida Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Biofilms Formed by Candida Sp. Isolates in Acrylic Resin Discs

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Audilene de Freitas ◽  
Adryelle Idalina Silva Alves ◽  
Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade ◽  
Melyna Chaves Leite-Andrade ◽  
Antonia Thassya Lucas dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Compounds

Candida sp. treatment has become a challenge due to the formation of biofilms which favor resistance to conventional antifungals, making the search for new compounds necessary. The objective of this study was to identify the composition of the Licania rigida Benth. leaf ethanolic extract and to verify its antifungal activity against Candida sp. and its biofilms. The composition identification was performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) technique. The antifungal activity of extract and fluconazole against planktonic cells and biofilms was verified through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) following biofilm induction and quantification in acrylic resin discs by reducing tetrazolic salt, with all isolates forming biofilms within 48 h. Six constituents were identified in the extract, and the compounds identified are derivatives from phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (epi) gallocatechin Dimer, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin, Myricetin-O-hexoside, Myricitrin, and Quercetin-O-rhamnoside. The extract reduced biofilm formation in some of the strains analyzed, namely C. tropicalis URM5732, C. krusei INCQS40042, and C. krusei URM6352. This reduction was also observed in the treatment with fluconazole with some of the analyzed strains. The extract showed significant antifungal and anti-biofilm activities with some of the strains tested.

THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF AFRICAN BREADFRUITS (TRECULIA AFRICANA) SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nwozo Sarah Onyenibe ◽  
Julius Oluwaseun Oluwafunmilola ◽  
Stanley Udogadi Nwawuba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
African Breadfruit

The extracted seeds of African breadfruit are identified to be extremely healthy whenever it is correctly processed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of processing methods on the nutritional quality of African breadfruit seed. A qualitative phytochemical analysis including: Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, Tannin, Anthraquinone, Terpenoids, Steroid, and Cardiac Glycosides for the different fraction of African breadfruit seed was performed using a standard method. The result revealed the presence and greater amount of phytochemical for the raw fraction; seven in eight, six in eight for steamed fraction, and four in eight for boiled and roasted respectively. Anti-nutrient, Proximate, and Mineral Content were also conducted using standard methods. The amino acid composition was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the present study revealed that anti-nutrients including Phytate, Tannins, and Oxalate were significantly p<0.05 reduced in the boiled fraction 5.47±0.15, 3.42±0.02 and 6.89±0.05, and highest in the raw fraction 7.77±0.01, 5.09±0.03 and 9.34±0.14. The proximate composition including; percentage crude fat, Ash, Carbohydrate, Fatty acid, and Energy value were significantly lower p<0.05 in the boiled fraction relative to the other fractions. Mineral contents; calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus were also significantly p<0.05 elevated in the boiled fraction relative to the raw, steamed, and roasted fraction. The amino acid composition was highest in the roasted and boiled fraction 57.350 and 56.978, and lowest in the steamed and raw fraction 35.754 and 28.748 respectively. Therefore, boiling (cooking) is encouraged for the preparation of African breadfruit seed.

scholarly journals Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with the Clinically Used Fluconazole: Comparison of Antifungal Activity and Therapeutic Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nevena Lj. Stevanović ◽  
Ivana Aleksic ◽  
Jakob Kljun ◽  
Sanja Skaro Bogojevic ◽  
Aleksandar Veselinovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Pyocyanin Production

Copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with clinically used antifungal drug fluconazole (fcz), {[CuCl2(fcz)2].5H2O}n, 1, and {[ZnCl2(fcz)2]·2C2H5OH}n, 2, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The polymeric structure of the complexes comprises four fluconazole molecules monodentately coordinated via the triazole nitrogen and two chlorido ligands. With respect to fluconazole, complex 2 showed significantly higher antifungal activity against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. All tested compounds reduced the total amount of ergosterol at subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that the mode of activity of fluconazole was retained within the complexes, which was corroborated via molecular docking with cytochrome P450 sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) as a target. Electrostatic, steric and internal energy interactions between the complexes and enzyme showed that 2 has higher binding potency to this target. Both complexes showed strong inhibition of C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations, with 2 being able to reduce the adherence of C. albicans to A549 cells in vitro. Complex 2 was able to reduce pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 10% and 25% and to inhibit its biofilm formation by 20% in comparison to the untreated control. These results suggest that complex 2 may be further examined in the mixed Candida-P. aeruginosa infections.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

Clindamycin-loaded titanium prevents implant-related infection through blocking biofilm formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110511
Author(s):  
Youbin Li ◽  
Shaochuan Wang ◽  
Shidan Li ◽  
Jun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Layer By Layer

Implant-related infection is a disastrous complication. Surface modification of titanium is considered as an important strategy to prevent implant-related infection. However, there is no recognized surface modification strategy that can be applied in clinic so far. We explored a new strategy of coating. The clindamycin-loaded titanium was constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The release of clindamycin from titanium was detected through high performance liquid chromatography. Different titanium was co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h in vitro, then the effect of different titanium on bacterial colonization and biofilm formation was determined by spread plate method and scanning electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of clindamycin-loaded titanium on MC3T3-E1 cells were measured by CCK8. The antibacterial ability of clindamycin-loaded titanium in vivo was also evaluated using a rat model of osteomyelitis. The number of osteoclasts in bone defect was observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Bacterial burden of surrounding tissues around the site of infection was calculated by tissue homogenate and colony count. Clindamycin-loaded titanium could release clindamycin slowly within 160 h. It reduced bacterial colonization by three orders of magnitude compare to control ( p < .05) and inhibits biofilm formation in vitro. Cells proliferation and adhesion were similar on three titanium surfaces ( p > .05). In vivo, clindamycin-loaded titanium improved bone healing, reduced microbial burden, and decreased the number of osteoclasts compared control titanium in the rat model of osteomyelitis. This study demonstrated that clindamycin-loaded titanium exhibited good biocompatibility, and showed antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro. It is promising and might have potential for clinical application.

FINGER PRINTING ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOLS FROM HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) PLANT LEAVES USING HPTLC

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (09) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R. C. Sutar ◽  
◽  
D. S Musmade
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Finger Printing ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Tungsten Lamp

The present study was conducted to identify the phenols from methanol extracts (MHI) of medicinally and economically useful leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) plant using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and HPTLC studies were carried out on CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator (Switzerland). Densitometric scanning was performed with Camag TLC scanner IV in the reflectance absorbance mode at 540 nm and operated by Win CATS software (1.4.6 Camag) with the help of tungsten lamp. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Holoptelea integrifolia showed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, phenols and carbohydrates. HPT LC finger printing of phenols of methanolic extract of leaf revealed seven polyvalent phytoconstituents (7 peaks) and corresponding ascending order of Rf values in the range of 0.15 to 0.75. From the results of preliminary phytochemical analysis and above Rf values, we have concluded the presence of phenols in methanol extracts.

Monolithic Ceramics: Effect of Finishing Techniques on Surface Properties, Bacterial Adhesion and Cell Viability

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMO Dal Piva ◽  
LPC Contreras ◽  
FC Ribeiro ◽  
LC Anami ◽  
SEA Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Monolithic Ceramics

SUMMARY Introduction: This study evaluated the morphology, biofilm formation, and viability of human gingival fibroblasts in contact with two monolithic ceramics after two different finishing techniques: polishing or glazing. For this, 92 blocks (4.5 × 4.5 × 1.5 mm) of each ceramic were made using high translucency zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium (YZHT) and lithium silicate reinforced by zirconium (ZLS). Methods and Materials: Blocks were sintered and then divided into glazing (g) or polishing (p) surface finish. Surface roughness (Ra and RSm) was evaluated through a contact rugosimeter and profilometry. Specimens were contaminated for heterotypic biofilm formation with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans for 16 hours. Biofilm was quantified by counting the colony forming units (CFU/mL) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fibroblast viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Surface free energy (SFE) was also determined. Roughness data were evaluated using nonparametric tests, while SFE, MTT and CFU results were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test, and MTT data were also submitted to t-test (all, α=0.05). Results: Results showed that polished samples presented a lower high profile mean (p&lt;0.001); however, YZHTg presented less space between defects (p=0.0002). SFE showed that YZHT presented higher SFE than ZLS. Profilometry evidenced more homogeneity on polished surfaces. The interaction of finishing technique and microorganisms influenced the CFU (p=0.00). MTT assay demonstrated initial severe cytotoxic behavior for polished surfaces. SEM images showed homogeneous surfaces, except for glazed YZHT. Conclusion: Glazed surfaces have a greater roughness and tend to accumulate more biofilm. Polished surfaces have higher SFE; however, they are temporarily cytotoxic.

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