scholarly journals A Tempo-geographic Analysis of Global COVID-19 Epidemic Outside of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huipeng Liao ◽  
Gifty Marley ◽  
Yafei Si ◽  
Zaisheng Wang ◽  
Yewei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Local Transmission

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the global epidemic trends, geographic distribution, and transmission patterns of COVID-19 contribute to providing timely information for the global response of the epidemic. This study aims to understand the global pandemic geospatial patterns and trends and identify new epicenters requiring urgent attention.MethodsData on COVID-19 between 31st Dec. 2019 and 14th Mar. 2020 was included. The epidemic trend was analyzed using joinpoint regressions; the growth of affected countries was by descriptive analysis; and the global distribution and transmission trend by spatial analysis. Findings: The number of new cases in the regions outside of China slowly increased before 24th Feb. and rapidly accelerated after 24th Feb. Compared to China, other affected countries experienced a longer duration of a slow increase at the early stage and rapid growth at the latter stages. The first apparent increase in the number of affected countries occurred from 23rd Jan to 1st Feb, and the second apparent increase started from 25th Feb. The fist COVID-19 cases reported by countries from 28th Feb. were mainly imported from Europe. The geographic distribution changed from single-center (13th Jan. - 20th Feb.) to multi-centers pattern (20th Feb. – 14th Mar.). More countries were affected with COVID-19 and developed local transmission.InterpretationThe joinpoint regression and geospatial analysis indicated a multi-center pandemic of COVID-19. Strategies to prevent the new multiple centers as well as prevent ongoing transmission are needed.FundingNIH.

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A hypothetical view

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed RG
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its COVID-19 disease on mothers and their offspring are less known. Objective: The aim of this review was to determine the transmission, severity, complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy. This review showed the influence of COVID-19 disease on the neonatal neurogenesis. Owing to no specific vaccines or medicines that were reported for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, this review suggested some control strategies like treatments (medicinal plants, antiviral therapy, cellular therapy, and immunotherapy), nutrition uptake, prevention, and recommendations. Discussion: This overview showed in severely states that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stage of pregnancy might increase the risk of stress, panic, and anxiety. This disorder can disturb the maternal immune system, and thus causing a neurodevelopmental disturbance. This hypothesis may be depending on the severity and intensity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. However, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from dams to their fetuses is absent until now. Conclusion: During this global pandemic disease, maintaining safety during pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and breastfeeding may play a vital role in a healthy life for the offspring. Thus, international and national corporations should be continuing for perinatal management, particularly during the next pandemic or disaster time.

scholarly journals Descriptive analysis of 192 cases of breast cancer occurring before age 40 in Yaounde, Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Essiben ◽  
Pascal Foumane ◽  
Esther JNU Meka ◽  
Michèle Tchakounté ◽  
Julius Sama Dohbit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Common Histological Type

Background: Breast cancer is today a global health problem. With 1,671,149 new cases diagnosed in 2012, it is the most common female cancer in the world and accounts for 11.9% of all cancers and it affects more people than prostate cancer. In 2008, The United States statistics showed that, for all cancer that affect women before 40 years, more than 40% of them concerned the breast. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer in women under 40 years of age in Yaoundé.Methods: This was a retrospective study with data collected from 192 medical case files of women treated over a period of 12 years, from January 2004 to December 2015 at the Yaounde General Hospital and the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Microsoft Epi Info version 3.4.5 and SPSS version 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis.Results: From 2004 to 2015, 1489 cases of breast cancer were treated in both hospitals. Of these, 462 women were less than 40 years old, representing a proportion of 31.0%. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.5±5.0 years and 17.7% of women had a family history of breast cancer. The average time before an initial consultation was 6.7±6.6 months.  Most cases were classified as T4 (46.1%). The most common histological type was ductal carcinoma (87.4%). Grades SBR II and SBR III were predominant (76.4%). Axillary dissection (64.4%) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (43.9%) were the main therapeutic modalities. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 51.2%. Five-year survival rates with no local recurrence and no metastatic occurrence were 35.8% and 43.2% respectively.Conclusions: Breast cancer largely affects women under the age of 40 and is often discovered late, at an advanced stage. The prognosis appears poor. Only screening could facilitate diagnosis at an early stage of the disease for better outcomes.

scholarly journals Rational Programming of Cas12a for Early-Stage Detection of COVID-19 by Lateral Flow Assay and Portable Real-Time Fluorescence Readout Facilities

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Zhijian Yi ◽  
Jean de Dieu Habimana ◽  
Omar Mukama ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Nelson Odiwuor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Assay ◽  
Capture Probe ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Lateral Flow Strip ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Approach

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a global pandemic with a high spread rate and pathogenicity. Thus, with limited testing solutions, it is imperative to develop early-stage diagnostics for rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 to contain the rapid transmission of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, there remains little knowledge about the integration of the CRISPR collateral cleavage mechanism in the lateral flow assay and fluorophotometer. In the current study, we demonstrate a CRISPR/Cas12a-based collateral cleavage method for COVID-19 diagnosis using the Cas12a/crRNA complex for target recognition, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for sensitivity enhancement, and a novel DNA capture probe-based lateral flow strip (LFS) or real-time fluorescence detector as the parallel system readout facility, termed CRICOLAP. Our novel approach uses a customized reporter that hybridizes an optimized complementary capture probe fixed at the test line for naked-eye result readout. The CRICOLAP system achieved ultra-sensitivity of 1 copy/µL in ~32 min by portable real-time fluorescence detection and ~60 min by LFS. Furthermore, CRICOLAP validation using 60 clinical nasopharyngeal samples previously verified with a commercial RT-PCR kit showed 97.5% and 100% sensitivity for S and N genes, respectively, and 100% specificity for both genes of SARS-CoV-2. CRICOLAP advances the CRISPR/Cas12a collateral cleavage result readout in the lateral flow assay and fluorophotometer, and it can be an alternative method for the decentralized field-deployable diagnosis of COVID-19 in remote and limited-resource locations.

scholarly journals The perceived satisfaction with emergency remote teaching (ERT) amidst COVID-19: An exploratory case study in higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
K. Fuchs ◽  
S. Karrila
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Perceived Satisfaction ◽  
Traditional Classroom Teaching ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Introduction. Online learning is a well-established pedagogical paradigm that has been researched and discussed from a number of perspectives. Educators associate a variety of opportunities and challenges with online education, and recently an unprecedented global pandemic, COVID-19, made traditional classroom teaching temporarily impossible. Emergency remote teaching (ERT) is a newly emerging sub-paradigm that possesses characteristics and challenges that differ from traditional online learning.Methodology and research methods. This study quantitatively examined undergraduate students' (n = 219) perspectives on the most important attributes that are associated with ERT. Moreover, the students' satisfaction with ERT was assessed, and the relationships between socio-demographic factors were analysed.Results and scientific novelty. A descriptive analysis revealed that most students preferred a traditional on-site classroom arrangement, while they were satisfied with the alternative ERT having fully virtual delivery. Also, the study highlighted that the students rated being knowledgeable, friendly, and patient as the most important characteristics of their lecturer in these unusual circumstances.Practical significance. The current research informs educators about student perceptions and preferences during these extraordinary circumstances of uncertain duration.

scholarly journals The key features of SARS-CoV-2 leader and NSP1 required for viral escape of NSP1-mediated repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucija Bujanic ◽  
Olga Shevchuk ◽  
Nicolai von Kuegelgen ◽  
Katarzyna Ludwik ◽  
David Koppstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Mrnas ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cellular Mrnas

SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, must overcome a conundrum faced by all viruses. To achieve its own replication and spread, it simultaneously depends on and subverts cellular mechanisms. At the early stage of infection, SARS-CoV-2 expresses the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1), which inhibits host translation by blocking the mRNA entry tunnel on the ribosome; this interferes with the binding of cellular mRNAs to the ribosome. Viral mRNAs, on the other hand, overcome this blockade. We show that NSP1 enhances expression of mRNAs containing the SARS-CoV-2 leader. The first stem-loop (SL1) in viral leader is both necessary and sufficient for this enhancement mechanism. Our analysis pinpoints specific residues within SL1 (three cytosine residues at the positions 15, 19 and 20) and another within NSP1 (R124) which are required for viral evasion, and thus might present promising drug targets. Additionally, we carried out analysis of a functional interactome of NSP1 using BioID and identified components of anti-viral defense pathways. Our analysis therefore suggests a mechanism by which NSP1 inhibits the expression of host genes while enhancing that of viral RNA. This analysis helps reconcile conflicting reports in the literature regarding the mechanisms by which the virus avoids NSP1 silencing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Background: Since the Arab uprising in 2011, Libya, Syria and Yemen have gone through major internal armed conflicts. This resulted in large numbers of deaths, injuries, and population displacements, with collapse of the healthcare systems. Furthermore, the situation was complicated by the emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, which made the populations of these countries struggle under unusual conditions to deal with both the pandemic and the ongoing wars. This study aimed to determine the impact of the armed conflicts on the epidemiology of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) within these war-torn countries and highlight the strategies needed to combat the spread of the pandemic and its consequences.Methods: Official and public data concerning the dynamics of the armed conflicts and the spread of SARS-COV-2 in Libya, Syria and Yemen were collected from all available sources, starting from the emergence of COVID-19 in each country until the end of December 2020. Datasets were analyzed by a set of statistical techniques and the weekly resolved data were used to probe the link between the intensity levels of the conflict and the prevalence of COVID-19.Results: The data indicated that there was an increase in the intensity of the violence at an early stage from March to August 2020, when it approximately doubled in the three countries, particularly in Libya. During that period, few cases of COVID-19 were reported, ranging from 5 to 53 cases/day. From September to December 2020, a significant decline in the intensity of the armed conflicts was accompanied by steep upsurges in the rate of COVID-19 cases, which reached up to 500 cases/day. The accumulative cases vary from one country to another during the armed conflict. The highest cumulative number of cases were reported in Libya, Syria and Yemen.Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that the armed conflict provided an opportunity for SARS-CoV-2 to spread. The early weeks of the pandemic coincided with the most intense period of the armed conflicts, and few cases were officially reported. This indicates undercounting and hidden spread during the early stage of the pandemic. The pandemic then spread dramatically as the armed conflict declined, reaching its greatest spread by December 2020. Full-blown transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic in these countries is expected. Therefore, urgent national and international strategies should be implemented to combat the pandemic and its consequences.

scholarly journals SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TRANSPORTASI, TELEKOMUNIKASI, DAN PARIWISATA DALAM PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Budi Purwanto ◽  
Salahudin Rafi ◽  
Hentje Pongoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mental Attitude ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Negative Impacts

The purpose of this study is to assess the human resources sectors of transport, telecom­munications and tourism in a global perspective. This study is a literature study with descriptive analysis method to describe the existing problems and provide recommenda­tions to anticipate the world’s rapidly growing trend. The results show that the increasing mastery of foreign languages and technology has become an absolute requirement that Indonesian human resources can compete on a global level. However, the state, business, and society must work together in forming a mental attitude, promote an understanding of the religion, and raise the nation ideology since early stage so that it can minimize the negative impacts of globalization.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities from Targeting Inflammatory Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4021
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Lariccia ◽  
Simona Magi ◽  
Tiziano Serfilippi ◽  
Marwa Toujani ◽  
Santo Gratteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that continues to sweep across the world, posing an urgent need for effective therapies and prevention of the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome related to coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A major hypothesis that is currently guiding research and clinical care posits that an excessive and uncontrolled surge of pro-inflammatory cytokines (the so-called “cytokine storm”) drives morbidity and mortality in the most severe cases. In the overall efforts made to develop effective and safe therapies (including vaccines) for COVID-19, clinicians are thus repurposing ready-to-use drugs with direct or indirect anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Speculatively, there are many opportunities and challenges in targeting immune/inflammatory processes in the evolving settings of COVID-19 disease because of the need to safely balance the fight against virus and aggressive inflammation versus the suppression of host immune defenses and the risk of additional harms in already compromised patients. To this end, many studies are globally underway to weigh the pros and cons of tailoring drugs used for inflammatory-driven conditions to COVID-19 patient care, and the next step will be to summarize the growing clinical trial experience into clean clinical practice. Based on the current evidence, anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered as complementary approaches to anti-viral drugs that need to be timely introduced in the management of COVID-19 according to disease severity. While drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 entry or replication are expected to confer the greatest benefits at the early stage of the infection, anti-inflammatory drugs would be more effective in limiting the inflammatory processes that drive the worsening of the disease.

scholarly journals Trends in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in a brazilian city

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Rodrigues Moura ◽  
Adriane Dórea Marques ◽  
Mylena Santos Dantas ◽  
Érika de Abreu Costa Brito ◽  
Mariana do Rosário Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The City

Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to analyze the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil, between 1996 and 2015 with Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.0 and to identify the geographical distribution of CRC in the municipality. Results A total of 1322 cases of CRC and 467 CRC-related deaths during the study period were included. In total, 40% of the incident cases and 43% of the deaths occurred in men, while 60% of the incident cases and 57% of the deaths occurred in women. Males who were 20 to 44 years old had the most significant trend in growth. Among women, those in the group aged 45 to 64 years had the highest observed annual percent change (APC). In both sexes, mortality was stable. Regarding the geographic distribution, there were constant hotspots in the northeast region of the municipality. This study showed a significant increase in incidence, mainly in young men between 20 and 44 years of age, but stable mortality in Aracaju.

scholarly journals The burden of color vision defect in Nepal – an iceberg phenomenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Anadi Khatri ◽  
Bal Kumar K.C ◽  
Sudhir Gautam ◽  
Muna Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
School Level ◽  
Color Vision Defect ◽  
Vision Defect ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Color Vision Test ◽  
Sequential Group ◽  
Vision Defects

Background: Color vision tests are routinely performed and are mandatory in most part of the world. However, in Nepal and many other developing countries, color vision may often be overlooked. We evaluated a possible burden of color vision in a group of patients who were specifically evaluated for a color vision defects. This study evalutes the awareness of color vision defect among the patients evaluated and highlights the importance of the color vision evaluation. Methods: A sequential group of 73 people from August to September 2017 specifically evalu­ated for color vision defect for recruitment of government employment were evaluated. Ishi­harapseudo-isochromatic plates and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 test were used for screening. Mean and Standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis of the data. Results: Fifty-seven were male and sixteen were female. The mean age was 23 years (SD ± 3.7). On evaluation of the color vision defect, 9 (12.3%) were found to have total color vision defect (achromatopsia), 3 (4%)-red-green defect and 1(1%) with blue red defect. None of the patients had undergone color vision test at eye hospital previously. There were 4 patients who were registered drivers who had color vision defect. Conclusions: Color vision is an important part of the vision. It should not be ignored.All of the patients evaluated were found to be unware of their condition. Early detection of color vision defects in individuals, if possible, at school level can help them to determine their careers and future endeavors at early stage.

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