scholarly journals A new approach for quantifying phosphorus requirement in an Amazonian fish using CT-scanning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila L.C. Menezes ◽  
Janaina G. A. Santos ◽  
Igo G. Guimarães ◽  
Delma M. C. Padua ◽  
Vânia M. V. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Requirement

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for fish growth, as it plays pivotal roles in skeletal development and energy transfer reactions. However, the dietary requirement of this mineral is variable among fish species and the growth stages. Thus, this study aimed to determine the digestible P (dP) requirement for tambaqui in the initial growth stage (± 17 to 150g) using growth data, mineralization of the whole body, vertebrae and scales, as well as blood chemistry as response parameters. A total of 192 tambaqui juveniles of approximately 17 ± 0.85 g were stocked into a water recirculation system. Fish were assigned to 24 70L-tanks using randomized block design (two floors) with six treatments (1.3, 2.4, 4.8, 6.3, 7.8 and 8.8 g kg−1 dP) and four replicates. Fish were fed six semipurified diets with increasing levels of dP for 90 days. The dietary requirement of P was estimated using regression models (P < 0.05). Duncan and SNK multiple range tests were used when regression models were not fitted. No mortality or apparent signs of P deficiency were observed. All performance variables were improved with increasing levels of dP in the diet. Based on weight gain, the P requirement was 6.3g kg−1 diet while for increased carcass mineral deposition was 6.6g kg−1 diet and for adequate mineralization of vertebrae the requirement was 4.75 g dP kg−1 diet. The blood chemistry parameters were greatly affected by the dietary P level, except for serum calcium. Thus, the dietary dP requirement for tambaqui juveniles in the early stage was 6.3 g kg−1 diet based on growth and bone mineralization.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Performance of Maize Crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshdeep Singh ◽  
Shimpy Sarkar ◽  
Ujjwal Bishnoi ◽  
Tannu Kundu ◽  
Ritasha Nanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Maize is the third most important cereal in India after rice and wheat which contributes nearly 9% in national food basket. Weed infestation is a major problem in maize, primarily at initial growth stages and due to wider spacing, hence weed control is essential to reduce the competition with maize crop. In maize row to row spacing is more so maximum number of weeds appears and compete with main crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the University Agricultural Farm under the Department of Agronomy in kharif 2019. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture having pH 6.87 and electrical conductivity 0.32 mmhos/cm. The experiment was comprised of eight treatments and laid out in randomized block design with three replications T0 (Control), T1 (Hand weeding at 20 DAS, 40 DAS), T2 (Atrazine 1 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T3 (Metribuzin 1 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T4 (Alachlor 1.5 kg/ha after 3 days of sowing), T5 (Atrazine + hand weeding 1 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing), T6 (Metribuzin + hand weeding 1 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing), T7 (Alachlor + hand weeding 1.5 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing). The texture of the experimental field soil was sandy loam having pH-6.87, EC-0.32 mmhos/cm. Result: The weed species recorded at the experimental site were mainly comprised with grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds. The dominant weed species infested in the experimental field were: Cynodon dactylon (doob grass), Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus viridis, Anagallis arvensis, Argemone mexicana, Chenopodium album, Parthenium hysterophorus and Trianthema prolacastrum. Significant reduction in the weed density was recorded in manual weeding. The highest plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, flag leaf length, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, grain yield and stover yield was recorded highest with hand weeding which was followed by T7 (Alachlor + hand weeding 1.5 kg/ha (after 3 days and 30 days after sowing).

scholarly journals Use of GreenSeeker and CM-100 as manual tools for nitrogen management and yield prediction in irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum) production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Felix Satognon ◽  
Joyce J. Lelei ◽  
Seth F.O. Owido
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Potato Leaf

This study evaluated the possibility of the use of GreenSeeker sensor and CM-100 chlorophyll content meter for in-season N and yield prediction in order to promote timely split N application in potato production in Kenya. Four N-fertilization rates; N0 (0), N1 (60), N2 (90) and N3 (130 kg N/ha) were led out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a Greenhouse for two seasons. The results showed that % N leaf content was significantly affected by N rates. The % N leaf content and potato leaf chlorophyll content decreased as the season continued whereas the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) increased as the season continued. CM-100 values were significantly correlated with % N leaf content at vegetative (r=0.86***) and tuber initiation (r=0.74***) growth stages of the crop whereas the NDVI values were only significantly correlated with % N leaf at tuber initiation (r=0.82***). A significant relationship was found between CM-100 values taken at different potato stages (end of vegetative, tuber initiation, bulking and maturation stages) and tuber yield (r=0.90***, 0.82***, 0.47* and 0.41*). The NDVI values at end of vegetative growth, tuber initiation and maturation of potato were also significantly correlated with tuber yield (r=0.81***, 0.43* and 0.54*), except at bulking stage (r=0.33). For efficient in-season N management and yield prediction, CM-100 and GreenSeeker are recommended at an early stage of the crop. Further research in the different potato growing areas in Kenya to establish the different thresholds at different potato growth stages is recommended.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Yang ◽  
Ming Xie ◽  
Shuqian Yuan ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Lower Odds

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adults in China, and to demonstrate the sex differences in these associations. Methods A total of 1221 participants (455 males and 766 females) were included in this study. Percentage of body fat (PBF) of the whole body and regional areas, including arm, thigh, trunk, android, and gynoid, were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Central adiposity was measured by waist circumference. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the six cardiometabolic risk factors, namely, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein, elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low adiponectin. Linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between whole body or regional PBF and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In females, except arm adiposity, other regional fat (thigh, trunk, android, gynoid) and whole-body PBF are significantly associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and whole-body PBF. One-SD increase in Z scores of the thigh and gynoid PBF were significantly associated with 80 and 78% lower odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.35 and OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.12–0.41). Trunk, android and whole-body PBF were significantly associated with higher odds of clustered risk with OR of 1.90 (95%CI:1.02–3.55), 2.91 (95%CI: 1.75–4.85), and 2.01 (95%CI: 1.47–2.76), respectively. While in males, one-SD increase in the thigh and gynoid PBF are associated with 94% (OR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23) and 83% lower odds (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.57) of clustered cardiometabolic risk, respectively. Android and whole-body PBF were associated with higher odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.42–8.09 and OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.53–3.92), but the association for trunk PBF was not statistically significant (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.42–3.19). Conclusions Adiposity distribution plays an important role in the clustered cardiometabolic risk in participants with overweight and obese and sex differences were observed in these associations. In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women. Upper body fat tends to be more detrimental to cardiometabolic health in women than in men, whereas lower body fat is relatively more protective in men than in women.

scholarly journals Processed By-Products from Soy Beverage (Okara) as Sustainable Ingredients for Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) Juveniles: Effects on Nutrient Utilization and Muscle Quality

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Glenise B. Voss ◽  
Vera Sousa ◽  
Paulo Rema ◽  
Manuela. E. Pintado ◽  
Luísa M. P. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of differently processed okara meals were assessed in Nile tilapia diets: dried okara not autoclaved (FOK), dried okara autoclaved (AOK), okara hydrolyzed with Alcalase (ALOK) or Cynara cardunculus proteases (CYOK), and hydrolyzed okara fermented with lactic bacteria: Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 (CYR11OK) or Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (CYB12OK). Okara processing significantly affected nutrient digestibility: dry matter ADC was highest in CYR11OK (80%) and lowest in FOK (40%). The lowest protein digestibility was observed in CYR11OK (72%), and the highest in AOK (97%) and CYOK (91%), evidencing the effectiveness of the autoclave and the use of C. cardunculus proteases to increase okara protein bioavailability. The inclusion of up to 20% of AOK or CYOK did not affect fish growth, nutrient utilization, or whole body composition of Nile tilapia. The flesh quality (color, pH, water activity, cohesiveness, elasticity and resilience) was not affected by the dietary incorporation of AOK or CYOK. Fish fed with AOK diets stand out for their high density of muscle fibers, particularly in AOK20, which can explain their high muscle firmness and may result in further hypertrophic growth. Altogether, results suggest that hydrolyzed or autoclaved okara are valuable ingredients for Nile tilapia diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Leguminous Plants—A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Vladimír Scholtz ◽  
Jana Jirešová ◽  
Josef Khun ◽  
Jaroslav Julák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

The legumes (Fabaceae family) are the second most important agricultural crop, both in terms of harvested area and total production. They are an important source of vegetable proteins and oils for human consumption. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment is a new and effective method in surface microbial inactivation and seed stimulation useable in the agricultural and food industries. This review summarizes current information about characteristics of legume seeds and adult plants after NTP treatment in relation to the seed germination and seedling initial growth, surface microbial decontamination, seed wettability and metabolic activity in different plant growth stages. The information about 19 plant species in relation to the NTP treatment is summarized. Some important plant species as soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mung bean (Vigna radiata), black gram (V. mungo), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and chickpea (Cicer aruetinum) are discussed. Likevise, some less common plant species i.g. blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and mimosa (Mimosa pudica, M. caesalpiniafolia) are mentioned too. Possible promising trends in the use of plasma as a seed pre-packaging technique, a reduction in phytotoxic diseases transmitted by seeds and the effect on reducing dormancy of hard seeds are also pointed out.

Echinoderm skeletal crystallography and paleobiological applications

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bodenbender
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Plate Morphology ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
High Level

The crystallographic orientations of echinoderm skeletal elements can supplement standard morphological comparisons in the exploration of echinoderm evolution. At a coarse scale, many echinoderms share a crystallographic pattern in whichcaxes radiate away from the axis of pentaradial symmetry. Within this common pattern, however,caxes of different taxa can differ dramatically in their degree of variability, angles of inclination, and relationships to the external morphology of skeletal elements. Crystallographic data reflect a variety of taxon-specific influences and therefore reveal different information in different taxa. In echinoids, orientations ofcaxes in coronal plates correlate well with high-level taxonomic groupings, whilecaxes of apical plates record modes of larval development. In blastoids,caxes of radial plates have a structural interpretation, with thecaxis oriented parallel to the orientation of the surface of the radial plate during its initial growth stages. In crinoids,caxes do not correlate with taxonomic group, plate morphology, or developmental sequence, but instead correlate with relative positions of skeletal elements on the calyx. Although their full potential has yet to be explored, the varied crystallographic patterns in echinoderms have been used to clarify skeletal structure, characterize developmental anomalies, and infer homologies of skeletal plates both within specimens and between groups. A axes are less constrained in their orientations thancaxes and offer less promise of revealing novel paleobiological information.

Allocation of proteolytic activity in the seedling of Cynara cardunculus L. in the initial growth stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 165 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Sales-Gomes ◽  
Ana Margarida Cavaco ◽  
Maria Emilia Lima-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus

Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on performance of transplanted rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD\ HASHIM ◽  
◽  
V K SINGH ◽  
K K SINGH ◽  
SHIVA DHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Iron And Zinc

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at research farmof the ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Biharto determine the foliar feeding of micronutrients (iron and zinc at different growth stages)on growth, yield and economics of rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar. The experimentwas laid out in randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments with 3 replications. Thetreatments consist of 0.5% spray of Zinc Sulphate and 1% spray of Ferrous Sulphate at fourdifferent growth stages i.e. 40, 50, 60 and 70 days aĞer transplanting (DAT) and one con-trol. The results shown significant increasing trends of growth, yield aĴributes and yield ofrice with four sprays of 1.0% solution of FeSO4at 40, 50, 60 and 70 days and three sprays ofZnSO4at 50, 60 and 70 days recorded significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/m2,panicle length, grains/panicle, 1,000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and straw yieldat maturity. These treatments also gave significantly higher net returns and benefit: cost ratioover the control.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency symptoms of young ‘cedro doce’ plants grown under macronutrient omission

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Simone T. M. de Aquino ◽  
Reila F. dos Santos ◽  
Karine D. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Index Ratio

ABSTRACT ‘Cedro doce’ [Pochota fendleri (Seem) Alverson & Duarte] is a native forest species in Amazon with great ecological and economic importance. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species allows cultivating Pochota fendleri with more efficient fertilization practices since its initial growth, as a seedling. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiency of young ‘cedro doce’ plants. The experiment was carried out from September to December 2016, under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Roraima, in Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments [complete solution and individual omission of the macronutrients (N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S)] and three replications. Each experimental plot corresponded to a pot with one plant, corresponding to 21 plots. At 77 days after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, the plants were evaluated for symptoms of nutritional deficiency: total height, collar diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b index ratio, shoot and root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. The macronutrients omission caused nutritional deficiency symptoms in all ‘cedro doce’ plants. In general, P and N omission caused the least development of plants. This result is an indicative that ‘cedro doce’ is a high demanding species for both nutrients, especially phosphorus.

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