scholarly journals Maternal exposure to the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,12,2 during lactation induces lasting behavioral and synaptic alterations in the rat adult offspring of both sexes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F Scheyer ◽  
Milene Borsoi ◽  
Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot ◽  
Olivier JJ Manzoni
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cannabinoid Agonist

AbstractConsumption of cannabis during pregnancy and the lactation period is a rising public health concern (Scheyer et al., 2019). We have previously shown that exposure to synthetic or plant-derived cannabinoids via lactation disrupts perinatal programming of the gamma-aminobutyric acid trajectory in the prefrontal cortex and early-life behaviors (Scheyer et al., 2020b). Recently, we described lasting behavioral and neuronal consequences of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) perinatal exposure via lactation (Scheyer et al., 2020a).Here, we extend upon these findings by testing the effects in offspring of maternal exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,12,2 (WIN). The data demonstrate that rats exposed during lactation to WIN display social, cognitive and motivational deficits at adulthood. These behavioral changes were paralleled by a specific loss of endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, while other forms of synaptic plasticity remained intact. Thus, similarly to THC, perinatal WIN exposure via lactation induces behavioral and synaptic abnormalities lasting into adulthood.

Female genital mutilation in the UK: considerations for best nursing practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
Bethany Rose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is any process that injures or removes part or all of the external female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is a growing public health concern in the UK because of an increase in migration from countries where it is widely practised. Education on FGM for nurses is key to supporting women who have undergone the practice, as well as safeguarding girls and women who are at risk. Nurses must understand the history and culture of FGM as well as the long-term health complications to be able to support affected women both professionally and sensitively.

scholarly journals Sport-related concussions

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Natuline Ianof ◽  
Fabio Rios Freire ◽  
Vanessa Tomé Gonçalves Calado ◽  
Juliana Rhein Lacerda ◽  
Fernanda Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
American Football ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Biomechanical Forces ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of lifelong disability and death worldwide. Sport-related traumatic brain injury is an important public health concern. The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of sport-related concussions. Concussion refers to a transient alteration in consciousness induced by external biomechanical forces transmitted directly or indirectly to the brain. It is a common, although most likely underreported, condition. Contact sports such as American football, rugby, soccer, boxing, basketball and hockey are associated with a relatively high prevalence of concussion. Various factors may be associated with a greater risk of sport-related concussion, such as age, sex, sport played, level of sport played and equipment used. Physical complaints (headache, fatigue, dizziness), behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, irritability) and cognitive impairment are very common after a concussion. The risk of premature return to activities includes the prolongation of post-concussive symptoms and increased risk of concussion recurrence.

A public health concern: Sugar reduction advice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Amy Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Health Visitors ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Sugar Reduction

Health visitors have a key role to play in helping families to reduce sugar in their diets, leading to long-term health benefits

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

Cellular Mechanisms of Psychotic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Dienel ◽  
David A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Gaba Neuron

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, including disturbances in working memory, is a core feature of the illness and the best predictor of long-term functional outcome. Working memory relies on neural network oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the prefrontal cortex, which are crucial for this oscillatory activity, exhibit a number of alterations in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. These GABA neuron disturbances may be secondary to upstream alterations in excitatory pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex. Together, these findings suggest both a neural substrate for working memory impairments in schizophrenia and therapeutic targets for improving functional outcomes in this patient population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of novel nutraceuticals based on combination of oat beta-glucans and a green coffee phenolic extract to combat obesity and its comorbidities. A randomized, dose-response, parallel trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateos Briz ◽  
Joaquin García-Cordero ◽  
Laura Bravo ◽  
Beatriz Sarria
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Obesity and its associated comorbidities are a major public health concern worldwide. Reduced energy intake and increased physical activity interventions have limited success in the long term. Nutraceuticals might be...

scholarly journals Persistent High Leptospiral Shedding by Asymptomatic Dogs in Endemic Areas Triggers a Serious Public Health Concern

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sant’Anna da Costa ◽  
Maria Isabel N. Di Azevedo ◽  
Ana Luiza dos Santos Baptista Borges ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Gabriel Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
One Year

(1) Background: Dogs are known as hosts of Leptospira interrogans and can spread this bacterium to the environment. Although Canicola is responsible for determining chronic disease in dogs, when affected by incidental serogroups such as Icterohaemorrhagiae, acute disease may occur with a predominance of clinical signs with hepatic and renal changes. In endemic areas, it is a serious public health problem. Thus, this study aims to estimate the incidence and duration of elimination of leptospires in the urine of dogs, taking another step from a previous study of our group, by a longitudinal, long-term and molecular approach. (2) Methods: A total of 125 dogs without apparent symptoms of leptospirosis were included in the study. The dogs were all PCR-negative and seronegative at the beginning of the study. Blood samples were collected for hematological examinations and urine for amplification of the lipL32 gene by PCR at five different time points during one year. (3) Results: Out of the 125 dogs, 62 became lipL32 PCR-positive (48.8% (95% CI, 47.9–49.7%)) at some point during the study, distributed as follows: at day 0, all negative; day 90, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5–15.3%)); day 180, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5–15.3%)); day 270, 12/125 (9.6% (95% CI, 8.7–10.5%)); and day 365, 14/125 (11.2% (95% CI, 10.3–12.1%)). Out of the 62 amplicons, 22 were sequenced, targeting a short region of secY gene. Of these, 20 (90.9%) were identical to the L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, while two (9.1%) were Leptospira noguchii. (4) Conclusions: The fact that the leptospires of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup were characterized was unexpected, since the animals remained clinically asymptomatic during the study. The fact that asymptomatic dogs shed leptospires is not new, but the extent of this fact and the characterized strain is impressive, with an impact on public health that cannot be overlooked.

scholarly journals HIV Prevention: The Key to Ending AIDS by 2030

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana K. Poku
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

There is no viable substitute for re-energizing, funding and supporting culturally attuned, locally staffed HIV advocacy and prevention programmes, especially in resource poor settings. The evidence that such interventions are effective remains compelling; and although the cost implications are not negligible, the medium to long-term outcomes must be regarded not as complementary, but as integral, to biomedical interventions. The success of the anti-retroviral drugs upscale has enabled a noticeable improvement in AIDS related morbidity and mortality in the recent years; yet the underlying dynamics of the epidemic remains undetermined by the rate at which new infections are taking place in relation to the number of AIDS deaths. While the rate of new HIV infections is stabilising in some of the hardest hit countries, it remains far too high and the future cost of maintaining an ever-expanding pool of people reliant on daily drugs for survival is unsustainable. Countries must exercise caution in continuing to focus on treatment as a ‘quick fix’ to end AIDS as a public health concern. HIV is a socially culturally induced crisis and, as such, a variety of measures are needed simultaneously to appeal to different people, groups and circumstances.

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