scholarly journals Comparative dynamic aerosol efficiencies of three emergent coronaviruses and the unusual persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol suspensions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Fears ◽  
W.B. Klimstra ◽  
P. Duprex ◽  
A. Hartman ◽  
S.C. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
A Current

The emergent coronavirus, designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a zoonotic pathogen that has demonstrated remarkable transmissibility in the human population and is the etiological agent of a current global pandemic called COVID-191. We measured the dynamic (short-term) aerosol efficiencies of SARS-CoV-2 and compared the efficiencies with two other emerging coronaviruses, SARS-CoV (emerged in 2002) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV; emerged starting in 2012). We also quantified the long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its ability to maintain infectivity when suspended in aerosols for up to 16 hours.

scholarly journals Family Burden and Coping among Caregivers of Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Geetha ◽  
Dr. M. V. Sudhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Primary Caretakers ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
And Coping

Schizophrenia is a strict mental disorder affecting about human population. Being chronic and often incapacitating, it extracts tremendous cost from patients, caregivers and society. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia face stress and emotional hardship and are frequently forced to assume lifelong care-taking roles. Subjective burden refers to the caregivers’ short term and long term reactions to the patient’s symptoms and behaviors, and the care giving task resulting from it. Perceived distress and interpersonal strain are examples. It refers to the extent to which the care giver feels he or she is burdened. This study aims to conducted for analysis the burden and coping among caregivers of schizophrenia. This study conducted with 30 Schizophrenic patients and 30 primary caretakers of the patients, totally 60 samples were studied. The result shows that there is association between burden assessment schedules of caregiver with that of caregivers coping scale. It revealed statistical significance. Low coping score seen in caregiver who had high burden score. Lower burden score seen in caregivers who had high coping level.

scholarly journals Science Diplomacy and Its Engine of Informed Decisionmaking: Operating through Our Global Pandemic with Humanity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450
Author(s):  
Paul Arthur Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Second World

Summary Science diplomacy is an international, interdisciplinary and inclusive (holistic) process, involving informed decisionmaking to balance national interests and common interests for the benefit of all on Earth across generations. Informed decisions operate across a ‘continuum of urgencies’, which extends from security to sustainability time scales for peoples, nations and our world. The COVID-19 pandemic is the ‘most challenging crisis we have faced since the Second World War’, as noted in March 2020 by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, when survival is once again a common interest at local-global levels. This essay introduces common-interest-building strategies with science diplomacy to operate short term to long term, before-through-after the ‘inflection point’ of our global pandemic, as the next step in the evolution of our globally interconnected civilisation.

scholarly journals Predicting the risk of re-infection from SARS-CoV-2 using the known pattern of adaptive immune response to previous human coronavirus outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Samuel Ojo ◽  
Paul Toluwatope Okediji ◽  
Ayotemide P. Akin-Onitolo ◽  
Olusegun S. Ojo ◽  
Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Short And Long Term

This paper attempts to answer the question: are recovered COVID-19 patients protected from re-infection? This review draws evidence from comparisons between immune responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which are phylogenetically closely related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Relevant studies were identified and reviewed based on searches conducted using PubMed. Full-text original studies on short- and long-term immune responses to human coronaviruses were included. The immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV were found to be similar. Infections with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV trigger the production of antibodies and memory B- and T-cells. Serum IgM is detectable within 7 days, peak at 21-30 days and become undetectable by 180 days. IgG is detectable at 7 days, peak at 90 days, and decline to undetected levels by 2 years post-infection. Memory B- and T-cells persist in the body for up to 2 and 6 years respectively after initial infection. The short-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection is predictably low based on similarities in the short term adaptive immune response to kindred coronaviruses. However, more research will be required to determine the long-term adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and factors that may influence the existence of short- and long-term immunity against the virus.

scholarly journals Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob L. Steenwyk ◽  
Matthew E. Mead ◽  
Patrícia Alves de Castro ◽  
Clara Valero ◽  
André Damasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Secondary Infections

The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has already killed millions of people. COVID-19 patient outcome can be further complicated by secondary infections, such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).

scholarly journals COVID-19: Look to the Future, Learn from the Past

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Zhangkai J. Cheng ◽  
Hui-Qi Qu ◽  
Lifeng Tian ◽  
Zhifeng Duan ◽  
Hakon Hakonarson
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Current ◽  
Control Management

There is a current pandemic of a new type of coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of confirmed infected cases has been rapidly increasing. This paper analyzes the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza. COVID-19 is similar to the diseases caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV virologically and etiologically, but closer to influenza in epidemiology and virulence. The comparison provides a new perspective for the future of the disease control, and offers some ideas in the prevention and control management strategy. The large number of infectious people from the origin, and the highly infectious and occult nature have been two major problems, making the virus difficult to eradicate. We thus need to contemplate the possibility of long-term co-existence with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Efficiency vs. Resilience: Lessons from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Moshe Y. Vardi
Keyword(s):  
High Likelihood ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Goal

AbstractWhy was the world not ready for COVID-19, in spite of many warnings over the past 20 years of the high likelihood of a global pandemic? This chapter argues that the economic goal of efficiency, focused on short-term optimization, has distracted us from resilience, which is focused on long-term optimization. Computing also seems to have generally emphasized efficiency at the expense of resilience. But computing has discovered that resilience is enabled by redundancy and distributivity. These principles should be adopted by society in the “after-COVID” era.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: A Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Viswanath Vittaladevaram ◽  
Kranthi Kuruti ◽  
Sudheer Venkatesh Urity
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Structure ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The evolution of COVID-19 across the globe is rapid due to increased mobility which spreads and evolves continuously among human population. Based on phylogenetic analysis the virus is termed as SARS-COV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) which spreads rapidly among human beings. The article focuses on aspects of virus structure, organization of genome, epidemiological characteristics, mode of transmission and global impact of Coronavirus. In addition to this, diagnosis and pharmacological approach, treatment, prevention procedures and vaccines that are currently in use were highlighted.

scholarly journals A current update on viral classification, diagnosis and available treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gift Eyareosowo Oden ◽  
Himmat Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Abhay Raizada ◽  
Gaurav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Current

In December of 2019, an outbreak of a disease began at Wuhan, China and would later be named the coronavirus disease2019 (covid-19) by the World Health Organization and further declared a global pandemic. Since the onset of this disease, the pattern of day to day activities had been disrupted in a bid to curb this menace to society. This paper work touches on basic viral classification, as well as structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the main causative agent of covid-19. This review work also sheds light on symptoms associated with this disease, mode of transmission, method of diagnosis and medications available in treating the symptoms. Potential vaccines available in India are also discussed here.

scholarly journals The effect of a pandemic on the Life Sciences industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliodhna McDonough ◽  
Emily Lockey
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Life Sciences Industry

Pharmaceutical, healthcare and biotech companies have been at the forefront of the COVID-19 response, from drug trials and vaccine development to the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators. The industry has a unique ability and responsibility to help the world respond to the global pandemic, both by working collaboratively to deliver solutions to the virus and also by maintaining the supply of medically important products to those who need them. As in all industries, business in the sector has been disrupted by the virus. This is largely driven by a reduction in healthcare provider and patient interactions as hospitals redirect resources toward COVID-19, and patients avoid healthcare facility visits and postpone preventative care. The impact on specific companies will depend on the diversity of their portfolio and their largest revenue areas. For example, roughly two thirds of Merck’s global Human Health revenue is comprised of physician-administered products and decreased volumes during the pandemic are expected to have a negative impact on revenues. Whilst much of the pandemic impact will be short term, peaking over the next quarter in conjunction with the peak of the virus in the US and Europe and settling towards the end of the year, it is likely we will see some long term structural change in the industry as global attitudes towards health shift in the wake of the pandemic.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: vaccines in the pandemic era

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Li ◽  
Qi-Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Challenging Situation

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019. As there is little or no natural immunity in the human population or specific anti-COVID-19 drugs, researchers from the government, academia and industry are developing vaccines at an unprecedented speed to halt the pandemic. In this review, the results of animal experiments and clinical trials on several vaccine technical platforms are summarized, and several challenges are also discussed to further promote the development, evaluation and application of vaccines during the challenging situation of the global pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document