scholarly journals Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
World Health

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and has created a medical emergency worldwide. It has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In India, it is already reported more than 18 thousand cases and more than 600 deaths due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) till April 20, 2020. Previous studies on various viral infections like influenza have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that the cold and dry (low absolute humidity) environments favor the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. These viral transmissions found attenuated in warm and humid (high absolute humidity) environments. However, the role of temperature, humidity, and absolute humidity in the transmission of COVID-19 has not yet been well established. Therefore the study to investigate the meteorological condition for incidence and spread of COVID-19 infection, to predict the epidemiology of the infectious disease, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against the new disease is required for India. In this work, we analyze the local weather patterns of the Indian region affected by the COVID-19 virus for March and April months, 2020. We have investigated the effect of meteorological parameters like Temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the rate of spread of COVID-19 using daily confirm cases in India. We have used daily averaged meteorological data for the last three years (2017-2019) for March and April month and the same for the year 2020 for March 1 to April 15. We found a positive association (Pearson’s r=0.56) between temperature and daily COVID-19 cases over India. We found a negative association of humidity (RH and AH) with daily COVID-19 Cases (Person’s r=-0.62, -0.37). We have also investigated the role of aerosol in spreading the pandemic across India because it’s possible airborne nature. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO2) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. We found a negative association in March when there were few cases, but in April, it shows positive association when the number of cases is more (for AOD it was r=-0.41 and r=0.28 respectively). During the lockdown period, aerosols (AOD) and other pollutants (NO2; an indicator of PM2.5) reduced sharply with a percentage drop of about 36 and 37, respectively. This reduction may have reduced the risk for COVID-19 through air transmission due to the unavailability of aerosol particles as a base. HYSPLIT forward trajectory model also shows that surface aerosols may travel up to 4 km according to wind and direction within three h of its generation. If coronavirus becomes airborne as suggested by many studies, then it may have a higher risk of transmission by aerosols particles. So relaxing in the lockdown and environmental rules in terms of pollutant emissions from power plants, factories, and other facilities would be a wrong choice and could result in more COVID-19 incidences and deaths in India. Therefore the current study, although limited, suggests that it is doubtful that the spread of COVID-19 would slow down in India due to meteorological factors, like high temperature and high humidity. Because a large number of cases have already been reported in the range of high Tem, high Relative, and high absolute humidity regions of India. Thus our results in no way suggest that COVID-19 would not spread in warm, humid regions or during summer/monsoon. So effective public health interventions should be implemented across India to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. If COVID-19 is indeed sensitive to environmental factors, it could be tested in the coming summer-monsoon for India. So the only summer is not going to help India until monsoon is coming. Only government mitigations strategies would be helpful, whether its lockdown, aggressive and strategic testing, medical facilities, imposing social distancing, encouraging to use face mask or monitoring by a mobile application (Aarogya Setu).HighlightsFirst study on the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 cases in India.A positive association between daily new cases of COVID-19 with temperature.RH and AH are negatively associated with daily new cases of COVID-19.Early lockdown in India slows down the spread of contagious disease COVID-19.More than a 35% fall was found in AOD and NO2 values during the lockdown period.Graphical abstractCorrelation of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 with the Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Absolute humidity from 20 March -15 April 2020 for the Indian region.

scholarly journals Effect of meteorological factors on the activity of influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246023
Author(s):  
Li Qi ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Dechao Tian ◽  
Wenge Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Influenza Activity

Background The effects of multiple meteorological factors on influenza activity remain unclear in Chongqing, the largest municipality in China. We aimed to fix this gap in this study. Methods Weekly meteorological data and influenza surveillance data in Chongqing were collected from 2012 to 2019. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were conducted to estimate the effects of multiple meteorological factors on influenza activity. Results Inverted J-shaped nonlinear associations between mean temperature, absolute humidity, wind speed, sunshine and influenza activity were found. The relative risks (RRs) of influenza activity increased as weekly average mean temperature fell below 18.18°C, average absolute humidity fell below 12.66 g/m3, average wind speed fell below 1.55 m/s and average sunshine fell below 2.36 hours. Taking the median values as the references, lower temperature, lower absolute humidity and windless could significantly increase the risks of influenza activity and last for 4 weeks. A J-shaped nonlinear association was observed between relative humidity and influenza activity; the risk of influenza activity increased with rising relative humidity with 78.26% as the break point. Taking the median value as the reference, high relative humidity could increase the risk of influenza activity and last for 3 weeks. In addition, we found the relationship between aggregate rainfall and influenza activity could be described with a U-shaped curve. Rainfall effect has significantly higher RR than rainless effect. Conclusions Our study shows that multiple meteorological factors have strong associations with influenza activity in Chongqing, providing evidence for developing a meteorology-based early warning system for influenza to facilitate timely response to upsurge of influenza activity.

scholarly journals Influence of climate on the number of hospitalizations for nephrolithiasis in urban regions in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
João de Abreu Júnior ◽  
Sebastião Rodrigues Ferreira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Tropical Climates

Abstract Introduction: Nephrolithiasis has a worldwide prevalence of approximately 5 to 15%, and its occurrence is associated with age, sex, race, dietary habits, geographic location, climatic conditions, and other factors. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between climate and the number of hospitalizations for nephrolithiasis (NH) in Brazilian cities located in different climatic regions. Methods: We analyzed data from cities with tropical and subtropical climates. The effects of the lowest (LT), mean (MT), and highest (HT) monthly temperatures and relative humidity of the air (RH) were assessed. Results: A positive association was found between the number of hospitalizations for nephrolithiasis and temperature ((LT x NH; R2=0.218; P<0.0001) (MT x NH; R2=0.284; P<0.0001) (HT x NH; R2=0.317; P<0.0001)), and a negative association was found between the number of hospitalizations for nephrolithiasis and the relative humidity (RH x NH; R2=0.234; P<0.0001). Interactions were also observed between MT and RH with respect to their effects on the NH, as described by a linear model (NH = 4.688 + 0.296 x MT - 0.088 x RH). The NH was higher in cities with tropical climates than in cities with subtropical climates (82.4 ± 10.0 vs 28.2 ± 1.6; P<0.00001). Conclusion: There is an association between the NH and variations in temperature and relative humidity.

Teachers' Innovativeness and Teaching Approach: The Mediating Role of Creative Classroom Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1697-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukran Ucus ◽  
Ibrahim H. Acar
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
Constructivist Teaching ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the associations between teachers' innovativeness, creative classroom behaviors, and teaching approach (constructivist and traditional) focusing in particular, on the mediating role of teachers' creative classroom behaviors in the relationship between their innovativeness and their teaching approach. We recruited 247 teachers (80.6% women, 19.4% men) working in early childhood centers and junior classes at elementary schools in Turkey to participate in the study. Participants reported on their innovativeness, creative classroom behaviors, and teaching approach. There was a positive association between creative classroom behaviors and use of the constructivist teaching approach, and a negative association between innovativeness and use of the traditional teaching approach. Mediation analysis results showed that there was an indirect effect from innovativeness to the constructivist teaching approach through creative classroom behaviors but this effect did not occur when a traditional teaching approach was used. Implications of our findings are discussed.

scholarly journals How High-Polluting Firms Suffer from Being Distracted form Intended Purpose: A Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9197
Author(s):  
Xue-Zhou Zhao ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Feng-Wen Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Senmao Xia
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Polluting Firms

High-polluting industries are regarded as the main sources of air pollutant emissions and the major factors that significantly destroy the ecological environment. Corporate innovation in high-polluting industries improves the energy consumption efficiency and reduces the emission of air pollutant, which mitigates the conflict between environment and economy. Using the sample of China’s listed firms from 2010 to 2017, this study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financialization on corporate innovation in high-polluting industries. The results show that there is a positive association between CSR and corporate innovation, while there is a negative association between financialization and corporate innovation. Furthermore, the financialization of high-polluting firms can alleviate the promotion role of CSR in the innovation process. The financialization of state-owned enterprises in high-polluting industries may not have a crowding-out effect on research and development (R&D), but it can limit the R&D promotion effect of CSR engagements. In contrast, the financialization of non-state-owned enterprises will hinder corporate innovation, but it will not affect the association between CSR and technology innovation. We also find that the financialization of high-polluting firms with low financial constraints can alleviate the promotion role of CSR engagements in innovation. Meanwhile, the CSR engagements of high-polluting firms with high financial constraints play a stronger role in corporate innovation. During the implementation of environmental policies, the negative association between financialization and corporate innovation has been strengthened. Our findings can encourage high-polluting firms to make more efforts in environmental protection and social stability.

scholarly journals Weather Conditions and COVID-19 Incidence in a Cold Climate: A Time-Series Study in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Heibati ◽  
Wenge Wang ◽  
Niilo R. I. Ryti ◽  
Francesca Dominici ◽  
Alan Ducatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Time Period

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate. There is some previous evidence that weather may influence the incidence of COVID-19 infection. We assessed the role of meteorological factors including temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) considering the concentrations of two air pollutants, inhalable coarse particles (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the incidence of COVID-19 infections in Finland, located in arctic-subarctic climatic zone.Methods: We retrieved daily counts of COVID-19 in Finland from Jan 1 to May 31, 2020, nationwide and separately for all 21 hospital districts across the country. The meteorological and air quality data were from the monitoring stations nearest to the central district hospital. A quasi-Poisson generalized additional model (GAM) was fitted to estimate the associations between district-specific meteorological factors and the daily counts of COVID-19 during the study period. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results.Results: The incidence rate of COVID-19 gradually increased until a peak around April 6 and then decreased. There were no associations between daily temperature and incidence rate of COVID-19. Daily average RH was negatively associated with daily incidence rate of COVID-19 in two hospital districts located inland. No such association was found nationwide.Conclusions: Weather conditions, such as air temperature and relative humidity, were not related to the COVID-19 incidence during the first wave in the arctic and subarctic winter and spring. The inference is based on a relatively small number of cases and a restricted time period.

Through the Lens of Narcissism: Differential Effects of Admiration and Rivalry

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Gantt ◽  
Dylan R. Marsh ◽  
Daniel I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Differential Effects

Research concerning the role of narcissism in influencing perceptions of situations is sparse. In this study, the daily influences of two components of trait narcissism, admiration and rivalry, were explored using narrative life-logging cameras. We examined the influences of admiration and rivalry on perceptions of situation desire, situation choice, momentary self-esteem, authenticity, and the DIAMONDS (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, and Sociality) characteristics of situations among a sample of undergraduate students. Rivalry was found to be predictive of lower situation desire and choice, while admiration and overall narcissism were not. Admiration showed a significant positive association with both momentary self-esteem and momentary authenticity, while rivalry showed a negative association with these two variables. Patterns emerged demonstrating that the two facets, admiration and rivalry, differentially predict perceptions of the DIAMONDS characteristics of situations. This research further illuminates the need to study narcissism as multidimensional and provides various implications for counselors working with clients who display narcissistic tendencies.

scholarly journals Hard Feelings: Predicting Attitudes Toward Former Romantic Partners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Joachim Grüning ◽  
Anna-Lena Loose ◽  
Joachim Israel Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Most research on relationship quality addresses ongoing involvements. Research on past relationships is rare. As a first step, Athenstaedt and colleagues (2020) explored attitudes toward former romantic partners in an Austrian sample of heterosexual respondents. They found that men held less negative attitudes than women. In two studies conducted in Germany and the USA, we replicate this gender difference and explore the role of three psychological predictors. Like Athenstaedt et al., we find that the degree of perceived social support before the breakup and continued friendly relations after the breakup have a positive association with ex-partner attitude. Critically, we introduce and corroborate the hypothesis that regret over having started the relationship has a negative association. However, regret also fails to mediate the association between gender and ex-partner attitude. We discuss the practical implications of these findings and note directions for future research.

scholarly journals Role of meteorological temperature and relative humidity in the January-February 2020 propagation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez-Ramirez ◽  
Monica Meraz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Averaging Filter

AbstractIdentified in December 2019, the 2019-nCoV emerged in Wuhan, China, and its spread increased rapidly, with cases arising across Mainland China and several other countries. By January 2020, the potential risks imposed by 2019-nCoV in human health and economical activity were promptly highlighted. Considerable efforts have been devoted for understanding the transmission mechanisms aimed to pursue public policies oriented to mitigate the number of infected and deaths. An important question requiring some attention is the role of meteorological variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) in the 2019-nCoV transmission. Correlations between meteorological temperature and relative humidity with the number of daily confirmed cases were explored in this work for the epicenter city of Wuhan, China for the period from 29 January to March 6, 2020. Long-term trend of temperature and relative humidity was obtained with a 14-days adjacent-averaging filter, and lagged correlations of the number of daily confirmed cases were explored. The analysis showed negative correlations between temperatures with the number of daily confirmed cases. Maximum correlations were found for 6-day lagged temperatures, which is likely reflecting the incubation period of the virus. It was postulated that the indoor crowding effect is responsible of the high incidence of 2019-nCoV cases, where low absolute humidity and close human contact facilitate the transport of aerosol droplets.

scholarly journals The The Influence of Green Human Resource Practices on the Environmental Presentation in Malaysia: Mediating Role of Governmental Nationality Activities towards Situation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Maryyam Karamat ◽  
Muhammad Arif Talha ◽  
Waseem Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Human Resource Practices ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Worker Participation ◽  
The Future

The purpose associated with this article is to explore the links of green human resource practices (GHRP) such as green capabilities building performs, green inspiration attractive performs and green worker participation performs on the environmental presentation along with the mediating role of governmental nationality activities towards the situation (GNAS). The employees of environmental sustainability and human resource departments are the respondents. The data that they were provided through questionnaires are analyzed by PLS-SEM. The findings show that green capabilities building performs, and green worker participation performs have a positive association with the environmental presentation while green inspiration attractive performs has a negative association with the environmental presentation. The GNAS has positive mediation among the nexus of green capabilities building performs, green inspiration attractive performs, green worker participation performs and environmental presentation. These findings are suitable for the upcoming researchers along with the policymakers for exploring this area in the future along with the policy development on the environmental presentation and green HRM.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

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