scholarly journals Role of meteorological temperature and relative humidity in the January-February 2020 propagation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez-Ramirez ◽  
Monica Meraz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Averaging Filter

AbstractIdentified in December 2019, the 2019-nCoV emerged in Wuhan, China, and its spread increased rapidly, with cases arising across Mainland China and several other countries. By January 2020, the potential risks imposed by 2019-nCoV in human health and economical activity were promptly highlighted. Considerable efforts have been devoted for understanding the transmission mechanisms aimed to pursue public policies oriented to mitigate the number of infected and deaths. An important question requiring some attention is the role of meteorological variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) in the 2019-nCoV transmission. Correlations between meteorological temperature and relative humidity with the number of daily confirmed cases were explored in this work for the epicenter city of Wuhan, China for the period from 29 January to March 6, 2020. Long-term trend of temperature and relative humidity was obtained with a 14-days adjacent-averaging filter, and lagged correlations of the number of daily confirmed cases were explored. The analysis showed negative correlations between temperatures with the number of daily confirmed cases. Maximum correlations were found for 6-day lagged temperatures, which is likely reflecting the incubation period of the virus. It was postulated that the indoor crowding effect is responsible of the high incidence of 2019-nCoV cases, where low absolute humidity and close human contact facilitate the transport of aerosol droplets.

scholarly journals Economic components of the morbidity and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system as factors of the organization of the system of physical therapy at the ambulatory stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S. М. Fedorenko ◽  
M. S. Balazh ◽  
V. V. Vitomskyi ◽  
О.B. Lazarіeva ◽  
M. V. Vitomskа
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation

<p><strong>The aim</strong>:  to consider the economic consequences of morbidity and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) among the able-bodied population to confirm the economic feasibility of using physical therapy and the development of its system in the country in order to reduce losses from MSS pathologies in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: the data of 63 literature sources on the prevalence of MSS diseases among the working population, their economic consequences (payments for treatment, employers' losses), the role of rehabilitation, physical therapy in reducing financial costs, and the needs of the population in rehabilitation and physical therapy were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Occupational diseases of the MSS are characterized by long-term disability and a high incidence of disability. The effectiveness of rehabilitation, including economic, with injuries and diseases of the MSS was given great attention in the works of domestic and foreign authors. A significant amount of research has confirmed that the funds spent on the implementation of rehabilitation are reimbursed many times by reducing the periods of temporary and permanent loss of working capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The economic feasibility of directing the funds for rehabilitation and physical therapy in pathologies of the MSS is reflected in the short duration of disability, the period of adaptation of patients to work, and the need for rehabilitation. Therefore, channeling funds into building a rehabilitation and physical therapy system in Ukraine is appropriate in the framework of medical reform and will have long-term positive economic consequences.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Algorithm for Clinical Management of Sickle Cell Bone Disease: Evidence for a Role of Vertebral Fractures in Patient Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia De Franceschi ◽  
Daniele Gabbiani ◽  
Andrea Giusti ◽  
Gianluca Forni ◽  
Filippo Stefanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a worldwide distributed hemoglobinopathy, characterized by hemolytic anemia associated with vaso-occlusive events. These result in acute and chronic multiorgan damage. Bone is early involved, leading to long-term disability, chronic pain and fractures. Here, we carried out a retrospective study to evaluate sickle bone disease (SBD) in a cohort of adults with SCD. We assessed bone density, metabolism and turnover. We also evaluated the presence of fractures and the correlation between SCD severity and skeletal manifestations. A total of 71 patients with SCD were analyzed. The mean age of population was 39 ± 10 years, 56% of which were females. We found osteoporosis in a range between 7% and 18% with a high incidence of vertebral fractures. LDH and AST were predictive for the severity of vertebral fractures, while bone density was not. Noteworthy, we identified -1.4 Standard Deviations T-score as the cutoff for detecting the presence of fractures in patients with SCD. Collectively our data allowed us to develop an algorithm for the management of SBD, which may be useful in daily clinical practice to early intersect and treat SBD.

scholarly journals Change Management Strategy for the Activities of Business Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Irina Avdeeva ◽  
Tatyana Golovina ◽  
Andrey Polyanin
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Potential Risks

Within the context of modern management, business organizations need to realize that everything around them is changing: the rules of the game, the participants, the scale of activities, and the size of markets. In other words, nothing is constant. The changes may be both local and global, whereby developments may affect different fields: executive and administrative, technical and economic, social and public, informative and analytical. Managerial decisions taken inside an organization under the aforementioned conditions require sound theoretical grounds for selection in terms of potential risks and current and future economic effects. Traditionally, long-term decisions on setting goals for an activity of a business organization and determining ways to achieve them are considered within the framework of strategic planning, as a result of which a development strategy is formed. However, under current circumstances, the place and role of change management in the strategy of business organizations requires reinterpretation. The academic originality of this contribution lies in the specification of a concept for change management with regards to the activities of business organizations based on a strategic approach and adaptation to dynamically changing market conditions, including long-term planning. As part of the study, the essence of a strategic approach to change management regarding the activities of business organizations is considered, the principles of building a change management strategy are highlighted, and an algorithm for its development and implementation is proposed.

scholarly journals Simplified Priestley–Taylor Model to Estimate Land-Surface Latent Heat of Evapotranspiration from Incident Shortwave Radiation, Satellite Vegetation Index, and Air Relative Humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Yunjun Yao ◽  
Zhenhua Di ◽  
Zijing Xie ◽  
Zhiqiang Xiao ◽  
Kun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Land Cover Types

An operational and accurate model for estimating global or regional terrestrial latent heat of evapotranspiration (ET) across different land-cover types from satellite data is crucial. Here, a simplified Priestley–Taylor (SPT) model was developed without surface net radiation (Rn) by combining incident shortwave radiation (Rs), satellite vegetation index, and air relative humidity (RH). Ground-measured ET for 2000–2009 collected by 100 global FLUXNET eddy covariance (EC) sites was used to calibrate and evaluate the SPT model. A series of cross-validations demonstrated the reasonable performance of the SPT model to estimate seasonal and spatial ET variability. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the estimated versus observed daily (monthly) ET ranged from 0.42 (0.58) (p < 0.01) at shrubland (SHR) flux sites to 0.81 (0.86) (p < 0.01) at evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF) flux sites. The SPT model was applied to estimate agricultural ET at high spatial resolution (16 m) from Chinese Gaofen (GF)-1 data and monitor long-term (1982–2018) ET variations in the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) of mainland China using the Global LAnd-Surface Satellite (GLASS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) product. The proposed SPT model without Rn provides an alternative model for estimating regional terrestrial ET across different land-cover types.

Critical Review of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S47-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Colombo ◽  
Michele Peiretti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Incidence

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents the standard of care for patients with stage IB2-IIIB cervical cancer. However, the lack of radiotherapy departments, especially in developing countries, the presumed high incidence of long-term complications, and the poor control of metastatic disease have brought about the development of different therapeutic approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. We reviewed the literature concerning the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

scholarly journals The role of Helicobacter pylori in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
T. E. Kugler ◽  
G. G. Taradin ◽  
R. Pellicano
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common in the world. More than 50% of the world’s population is infected and infection rates are especially high in countries with poor socio-economic conditions. H. pylori causes gastroduodenal and extra-gastroduodenal diseases including such metabolic disorders as obesity, diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies showed that the long-term persistence of H. pylori infection is associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis and consequently cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation between these conditions is ambiguous and there is not enough evidence to confirm it. The lack of consensus might be related to differences in diagnostic methods used for H. pylori and the variety of its genotypes. Considering high prevalence of H. pylori infection as well as high incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, a verified correlation between these can be of great epidemiological, prophylactic and clinical significance.

scholarly journals Opisthorchosis is a topical health problem (problem overview and analysis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
O. I. Bibik
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycles ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the research is analyzing literature sources to establish the role of opisthorchosis in health care and assessing the relevance of histological and histochemical methods in determining the efficacy of drugs against helminths which are causative agents of opisthorchosis.Materials and methods. We analyzed literature sources on the study of opisthorchosis, its pathogen spread and its significance for public health. We also reviewed the official documentation of the annual reports presented on the official websites.Results and discussion. In 2018, more than 19.0 thousand cases of opisthorchosis were recorded in the country (rate is 12.99 per 100 thousand population), which made up 79.5% of all recorded bio-helminthosis in the population. Opisthorchosis is characterized by long course and proceeds with frequent exacerbations. The most serious complication is cancer in the liver, bile ducts and pancreas, which are organs of opisthorchis parasitism. The works of many authors reveal the connection and high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with opisthorchosis in countries with endemic sites of Opisthorchiidae family representative’s infection. Long-term opisthorchosis infection reduces the efficacy of anthelmintic therapy and leads to the appearance of the disease recurrent forms. Opisthorchis viverrini was officially recognized as a Group 1 biological carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2009. The carcinogenic role of O. felineus has not yet been sufficiently studied. However, life cycles, morphology and localization in the human body of O. viverrini and O. felineus are similar. In the list of established medicinal products with opisthorchocidal action, special attention and interest are paid to herbal products. Histological and histochemical research methods confirmed the efficacy against such herbal preparations as ecorsol, erlim and artemisin.

scholarly journals Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Indian Region ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
World Health

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and has created a medical emergency worldwide. It has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In India, it is already reported more than 18 thousand cases and more than 600 deaths due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) till April 20, 2020. Previous studies on various viral infections like influenza have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that the cold and dry (low absolute humidity) environments favor the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. These viral transmissions found attenuated in warm and humid (high absolute humidity) environments. However, the role of temperature, humidity, and absolute humidity in the transmission of COVID-19 has not yet been well established. Therefore the study to investigate the meteorological condition for incidence and spread of COVID-19 infection, to predict the epidemiology of the infectious disease, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against the new disease is required for India. In this work, we analyze the local weather patterns of the Indian region affected by the COVID-19 virus for March and April months, 2020. We have investigated the effect of meteorological parameters like Temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the rate of spread of COVID-19 using daily confirm cases in India. We have used daily averaged meteorological data for the last three years (2017-2019) for March and April month and the same for the year 2020 for March 1 to April 15. We found a positive association (Pearson’s r=0.56) between temperature and daily COVID-19 cases over India. We found a negative association of humidity (RH and AH) with daily COVID-19 Cases (Person’s r=-0.62, -0.37). We have also investigated the role of aerosol in spreading the pandemic across India because it’s possible airborne nature. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO2) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. We found a negative association in March when there were few cases, but in April, it shows positive association when the number of cases is more (for AOD it was r=-0.41 and r=0.28 respectively). During the lockdown period, aerosols (AOD) and other pollutants (NO2; an indicator of PM2.5) reduced sharply with a percentage drop of about 36 and 37, respectively. This reduction may have reduced the risk for COVID-19 through air transmission due to the unavailability of aerosol particles as a base. HYSPLIT forward trajectory model also shows that surface aerosols may travel up to 4 km according to wind and direction within three h of its generation. If coronavirus becomes airborne as suggested by many studies, then it may have a higher risk of transmission by aerosols particles. So relaxing in the lockdown and environmental rules in terms of pollutant emissions from power plants, factories, and other facilities would be a wrong choice and could result in more COVID-19 incidences and deaths in India. Therefore the current study, although limited, suggests that it is doubtful that the spread of COVID-19 would slow down in India due to meteorological factors, like high temperature and high humidity. Because a large number of cases have already been reported in the range of high Tem, high Relative, and high absolute humidity regions of India. Thus our results in no way suggest that COVID-19 would not spread in warm, humid regions or during summer/monsoon. So effective public health interventions should be implemented across India to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. If COVID-19 is indeed sensitive to environmental factors, it could be tested in the coming summer-monsoon for India. So the only summer is not going to help India until monsoon is coming. Only government mitigations strategies would be helpful, whether its lockdown, aggressive and strategic testing, medical facilities, imposing social distancing, encouraging to use face mask or monitoring by a mobile application (Aarogya Setu).HighlightsFirst study on the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 cases in India.A positive association between daily new cases of COVID-19 with temperature.RH and AH are negatively associated with daily new cases of COVID-19.Early lockdown in India slows down the spread of contagious disease COVID-19.More than a 35% fall was found in AOD and NO2 values during the lockdown period.Graphical abstractCorrelation of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 with the Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Absolute humidity from 20 March -15 April 2020 for the Indian region.

Experimental Investigation of Long-Term Humidity Variations in a Thermally Stabilised Chamber

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Il.S. Golyak ◽  
A.N. Morozov ◽  
M.A. Strokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Periodic Signals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Measurement

The paper presents long-term measurement results concerning relative humidity in a thermally stabilised chamber. We show that the relative humidity values inside the chamber correlate with the absolute humidity of the atmospheric air. We detected the presence of 16- and 30-day periodic signals in the spectra of the difference between the relative humidity inside the thermally stabilised chamber and the orthonormal absolute humidity of the atmospheric air. We also discovered the presence of periodic signals in the periodogram of variations in relative humidity inside the thermally stabilised chamber; the periods of those signals are 1436 and 1440 minutes, which corresponds to the period of the Earth's rotation around its axis, taking into account its rotation around the Sun

scholarly journals Pseudomonas meningoencephalitis masquerading as a stroke in a patient on tocilizumab

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-227296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron J Williams ◽  
Andrew Foote ◽  
Philip Choi
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Stroke Mimic ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis

A previously high-functioning woman presents with clinical and CT features of a subacute ischaemic stroke. Her medical history is relevant for refractory giant cell arteritis on long-term high-dose prednisolone and recent commencement of tocilizumab (interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody). The potential for stroke mimic is considered and a magnetic resonance brain scan is requested. She rapidly deteriorates within 24 hours of admission and unexpectantly dies. An autopsy reveals that she has bilateral pulmonary emboli with lower limb deep vein thrombosis and Pseudomonas meningoencephalitis with frank pus on the brain. We discuss the potential risks of immunosuppression and the role of imaging in the diagnosis of stroke.

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