How did SARS-CoV-19 spread in India from Italy, Iran and China? Genetic surveillance of early cases and virus demography

AbstractSARS-CoV-19 after emerging from Wuhan, drastically devastated all sectors of human life by crushing down the global economy and increased psychological burden on public, government, and healthcare professionals. We manifested by analyzing 35 early coronavirus cases of India, that virus introduction in India, occurred from Italy, Iran and China and population demography apparently revealed a rapid population expansion after the outbreak with a present steady growth. We depicted nucleotide substitutions in structural genes, drove for the adaptive selection and plead for sequencing more genomes to facilitate identification of new emerged mutants, genetic evolution and disease transmission caused by coronavirus.

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Hybrid-Quantum approach for the optimal lockdown to stop the SARS-CoV-2 community spread subject to maximizing nation economy globally

10.1101/2021.06.14.21258907 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahil Zaman ◽

Alex Khan ◽

Arindam Sadhu ◽

Dr Kunal Das ◽

Faisal Shah Khan

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Global Economy ◽

Human Life ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Human Interaction ◽

National Economic ◽

Full State ◽

Quantum Approach ◽

Respiratory Coronavirus ◽

Essential Problem

Owing to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 syndromes), the global situation has changed drastically. Several countries, including India, Europe, U.S.A., introduced a full state/nation lockdown to minimize the disease transmission through human interaction after the virus entered the population and to minimize the loss of human life. Millions of people have gone unemployed due to lockdown implementation, resulting in business and industry closure and leading to a national economic slowdown. Therefore, preventing the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the world while also preserving the global economy is an essential problem requiring an effective and immediate solution. Using the compartmental epidemiology S, E, I, R or D (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovery or Death) model extended to multiple population regions we predict the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 disease and construct an optimally scheduled lockdown calendar to execute lockdown over phases, using the well-known Knapsack problem. A comparative analysis of both classical and quantum models shows that our model decreases SARS-CoV-2 active cases while retaining the average global economic factor, GDP, in contrast to the scenario with no lockdown.

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COVID-19 vaccine: Call for employees in international transportation industries and international travelers as the first priority in global distribution

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2021-0210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 134-138

Author(s):

Zhuo Yu ◽

Gang Wang ◽

Emanuel Goldman ◽

Barbara Zangerl ◽

Ning Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Global Economy ◽

International Community ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Equitable Access

Abstract While countries are in a hurry to obtain SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we are concerned with the availability of vaccine and whether a vaccine will be available to all in need. We predicted three possible scenarios for vaccine distributions and urge an international united action on the worldwide equitable access. In case the international community does not reach a consensus on how to distribute the vaccine to achieve worldwide equitable access, we call for a distribution plan that includes the employees in international transportation industries and international travelers to halt the disease transmission and promote the recovery of the global economy.

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Over the horizon: Exploring the conditions of a post-growth world

The Anthropocene Review ◽

10.1177/2053019618820350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 117-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Timothy Crownshaw ◽

Caitlin Morgan ◽

Alison Adams ◽

Martin Sers ◽

Natália Britto dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Economy ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Paradigm Change ◽

Limits To Growth ◽

Economic Discourse ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Economic Paradigm

Maintaining steady growth remains the central goal of economic policy in most nations. However, as evidenced by the advent of the Anthropocene, the global economy has expanded to a point where limits to growth are appearing. Facing the end of growth requires a careful re-examination of plausible future conditions. We draw on a diverse literature to present an interdisciplinary exploration of post-growth conditions in the areas of climate change, ecological impacts, governance, and education, finding that such conditions may invalidate many prevalent assumptions regarding the future. The post-growth world, while subject to significant uncertainty and heterogeneity, will be characterized by profound hazards and discontinuities for both human and natural systems. Furthermore, we argue that an economic paradigm change will be predicated on an involuntary and unplanned cessation of growth. This implies a necessary strategic expansion of the heterodox economic discourse to formulate appropriate responses in view of likely post-growth realities.

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Sri Lanka and the Covid 19 Crisis: Strategies and Future Challenges

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v34i0.31546 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147-158

Author(s):

Asantha Senevirathna

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Global Economy ◽

Human Life ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Recent Past ◽

Government Response ◽

The World ◽

Future Challenges

COVID-19 pandemic has become a major crisis in 2020. The pandemic has claimed thousands of lives and is spreading a negative economic impact around the global economy. The pandemic has caused a devastating impact on human life in many of the countries without a clear distinction among developed or developing nations. Sri Lanka is facing the heat of the pandemic gradually since January and has taken various measures to combat the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic forwarded a greater challenge to Sri Lanka since the country has faced various disasters in the recent past and question marks remain about the government’s response. The Sri Lankan government response to the current COVID-19 crisis has been largely successful and is ranked among the best responsive countries in the world. This paper discusses Sri Lanka’s strategies in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic and possible future challenges related to the issue.

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Medical Ethics during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Acta Medica ◽

10.32552/2021.actamedica.505 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sevim Coşkun ◽

Nüket Örnek Büken

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Human Life ◽

Action Plan ◽

Disaster Medicine ◽

Ethical Principles ◽

Duty Of Care ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Correct Application ◽

Difficult Situations

WHO states five ethical principles for the care of patients with COVID-19: Equal moral respect, duty of care, non-abandonment, protection of the community, and confidentiality. Healthcare professionals might have to make difficult decisions such as selecting patients and withholding or withdrawing mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. In such difficult situations, a well-prepared action plan which considers ethical principles and prioritizes both public health and the safety of healthcare professionals, can help them. In this case, the development of an effective pandemic action plan, together with a triage plan based on emergency and disaster medicine is necessary. The only parameter of selection in this plan must be the correct application of triage, which respects every human life and depends on the criteria of clinical suitability. In this context, the fundamental ethical principles and human rights must be considered when allocating resources and prioritizing patients. Additionally, all protective measures for healthcare professionals must be taken, including all necessary equipment being adequately provided. If healthcare professionals become infected or face a life-threatening risk, then their obligations will be limited. Therefore, it is necessary to realize these limitations which may arise while providing appropriate health services.

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CONVERTING CONVENTIONAL BANKS TO SHARIA BANKS IN ACEH: AN EFFORT TO MAINTAIN A STABLE ECONOMY IN THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance ◽

10.22373/share.v10i1.8337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Iskandar Budiman

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Global Economy ◽

Human Life ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

Economic Downturn ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Sharia Law ◽

The Government ◽

Conventional Banks

Based on Aceh Qanun (sharia law) No.11 of 2018 concerning Islamic Financial Institutions, it is required to carry out financial activities based on sharia principles. The decline of the global economy during the Covid-19 outbreak did not dampen the Aceh Government, which declared itself a special province practicing sharia values. Apart from aiming to make a purely Sharia-based region, the conversion of conventional banks to sharia banks is also to stabilize the economy. This study aims to analyze (1) the growth conditions of Islamic banking in Indonesia, (2) the legalization of the Aceh Government Qanun in determining financial institutions operating in Aceh, and (3) the resilience of Islamic banking in facing the global economic downturn during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis method used is literature and regulation review. The conclusion that the decentralization system implemented by the Indonesian Government in Islamic banking has not been able to maximize the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Aceh Province, the only province in Indonesia that implements Sharia Law through special autonomy, has its own economic system. The Aceh government issued a Qanun, which obliged economic activities based on sharia principles. Based on Qanun No. 11 of 2018, the operation of Banks in Aceh must be in accord with Sharia. Therefore, entering 2020, the Islamic economy has been running almost perfectly in Aceh by changing conventional banking operations into Islamic banking. Furthermore, Islamic banking in Indonesia can still maintain stable growth when the Indonesian economy slides sharply in the second quarter of 2020 to minus 5.32 percent. This fact proves that increasing the growth of Islamic banking is an important thing to do. The Government should be serious and more consistent in maintaining economic stability and achieving the purposes (maqashid) of Sharia in human life.========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Konversi Bank Konvensional Menjadi Bank Syariah di Aceh: Upaya Menjaga Stabilitas Perekonomian dalam Wabah Covid-19. Qanun (undang-undang syariat (Islam)) Aceh No 11 Tahun 2018 tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, secara tegas telah mewajibkan lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi di Aceh untuk melaksanakan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip syariah. Penurunan ekonomi global di masa pandemi covid-19 tidak menyurutkan langkah Pemerintah Aceh dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan mensyariahkan seluruh lembaga dan institusi yang berada di Aceh. Walaupun berada di dalam sebuah negara yang tidak menganut paham syariah, Provinsi Aceh telah menyatakan dirinya sebagai sebuah wilayah berkedaulatan syariah Islam. Selain bertujuan untuk menjadikan wilayah yang murni berbasis syariah Islam, konversi bank konvesional menjadi syariah juga bertujuan untuk menstabilkan perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) kondisi pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia, (2) legalisasi Qanun Pemerintah Aceh dalam menentukan lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi di Aceh, dan (3) ketahanan perbankan syariah dalam menghadapi penurunan perekonomian global di masa pandemi Covid-19. Studi ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur dan analisis regulasi yang menghasilkan kesimpulan yaitu sistem desentralisasi yang dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia pada perbankan syariah belum dapat memaksimalkan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Provinsi Aceh sebagai satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menjalankan Syariat Islam melalui otonomi khusus mempunyai sistem perekonomian tersendiri. Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan qanun yang mewajibkan seluruh kegiatan perekonomian harus berlandaskan prinsip syariah. Berdasarkan Qanun No. 11 Tahun 2018, setiap perbankan yang beroperasi di Aceh haruslah berbentuk syariah. Oleh sebab itu memasuki tahun 2020, perekonomian Islam hampir sempurna telah berjalan di Aceh salah satunya dengan berubahnya operasional perbankan konvensional menjadi perbankan syariah di Provinsi Aceh. Selanjutnya, Perbankan syariah di Indonesia masih mampu menjaga kestabilan pertumbuhannya di saat perekonomian Indonesia meluncur tajam di kuartal II 2020 hingga minus 5,32 persen. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa meningkatkan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah merupakan hal yang penting dilaksanakan, memerlukan keseriusan dan konsistensi terus menerus dari pemerintah demi menjaga kestabilan ekonomi makro dan akan tercapai maqashid syariah pada semua lini kehidupan.

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Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8120601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lígia Erpen-Dalla Corte ◽

Lamiaa M. Mahmoud ◽

Tatiana S. Moraes ◽

Zhonglin Mou ◽

Jude W. Grosser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Human Life ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Repair Mechanisms

Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plants are an important component of the agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. With a steady growth in the world’s population and the consequent need for more food, sustainable and increased fruit and vegetable crop production is a major challenge to guarantee future food security. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly contributed to the development of important varieties, new approaches are required to further improve horticultural crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a valuable genome-editing tool able to change DNA sequences at precisely chosen loci. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed based on the bacterial adaptive immune system and comprises of an endonuclease guided by one or more single-guide RNAs to generate double-strand breaks. These breaks can then be repaired by the natural cellular repair mechanisms, during which genetic mutations are introduced. In a short time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular genome-editing technique, with numerous examples of gene mutation and transcriptional regulation control in both model and crop plants. In this review, various aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored, including a general presentation of the function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacteria and its practical application as a biotechnological tool for editing plant genomes, particularly in horticultural crops.

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Hong Kong’s Economy Treading on Slippery Ground

East Asian Policy ◽

10.1142/s1793930519000060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 67-79

Author(s):

Yang ZHANG ◽

Sarah Y TONG

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Domestic Demand ◽

Infrastructure Projects ◽

Robust Performance ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Steady Growth ◽

External Demand ◽

New Challenges ◽

Economic Ties ◽

New Infrastructure

Hong Kong’s economy is projected to have grown by 3.2% in 2018, a moderation from a buoyant 3.7% in 2017. This relatively robust performance was sustained by healthy domestic demand and a steady growth in external demand. Economic ties with the Mainland continued to strengthen, with completed and new infrastructure projects. For 2019, however, Hong Kong’s economy faces new challenges, related both to uncertainties in the global economy and possible deterioration in China-US economic relations.

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Fighting Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Impact on Global Economy

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.606129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bapi Gorain ◽

Hira Choudhury ◽

Nagashekhara Molugulu ◽

Rajani B. Athawale ◽

Prashant Kesharwani

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Global Economy ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Short Period ◽

The World ◽

Treatment Measures ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Sudden outbreak of a new pathogen in numbers of pneumonic patients in Wuhan province during December 2019 has threatened the world population within a short period of its occurrence. This respiratory tract–isolated pathogen was initially named as novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019), but later termed as SARS-CoV-2. The rapid spreading of this infectious disease received the label of pandemic by the World Health Organization within 4 months of its occurrence, which still seeks continuous attention of the researchers to prevent the spread and for cure of the infected patients. The propagation of the disease has been recorded in 215 countries, with more than 25.5 million cases and a death toll of more than 0.85 million. Several measures are taken to control the disease transmission, and researchers are actively engaged in finding suitable therapeutics to effectively control the disease to minimize the mortality and morbidity rates. Several existing potential candidates were explored in the prevention and treatment of worsening condition of COVID-19 patients; however, none of the formulation has been approved for the treatment but used under medical supervision. In this article, a focus has been made to highlight on current epidemiology on the COVID-19 infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and transmission, with special emphasis on treatment measures of the disease at different stages of clinical research and the global economic influence due to this pandemic situation. Progress in the development on vaccine against COVID-19 has also been explored as important measures to immunize people. Moreover, this article is expected to provide information to the researchers, who are constantly combating in the management against this outbreak.

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Does It Matter How We Die? Ethical and Legal Issues Raised by Combining Euthanasia and Organ Transplantation

The Linacre Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0024363919872623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margaret Somerville

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

Human Dignity ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Human Life ◽

Definition Of Death ◽

Dead Donor Rule ◽

Ethical And Legal Issues ◽

Definition Of

If, in jurisdictions with legalized euthanasia, obtaining organs for transplant from euthanized people is allowed, must their organs be taken only after death or should euthanasia be allowed to be performed by removal of vital organs? Asked another way, if “Donation after Death” is practiced, why not “Death by Donation?” The article addresses two questions. First, “What issues does connecting euthanasia and organ donation raise?” They include dealing with uncertainty regarding the definition of death, defining what constitutes conscientiously objecting healthcare professionals' involvement in euthanasia, and whether connecting euthanasia and transplantation makes conflicts of interest for healthcare professionals unavoidable. Additional issues raised by death by donation include breach of the “dead-donor rule”; what would constitute informed consent to it; and what impact its acceptance would have on important foundational societal values, especially respect for human dignity and human life. The second question is “Why might some people who agree with euthanasia and even organ donation after death by euthanasia find death by donation ethically unacceptable?” Considerations again include its harmful impact on upholding respect for human dignity and human life and that the “wisdom of repugnance” could be informing these people's reaction. It is concluded that in order to avoid serious breaches of ethics, organ transplantation and euthanasia should not be linked in any way.

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