scholarly journals CONVERTING CONVENTIONAL BANKS TO SHARIA BANKS IN ACEH: AN EFFORT TO MAINTAIN A STABLE ECONOMY IN THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Iskandar Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conventional Banks

Based on Aceh Qanun (sharia law) No.11 of 2018 concerning Islamic Financial Institutions, it is required to carry out financial activities based on sharia principles. The decline of the global economy during the Covid-19 outbreak did not dampen the Aceh Government, which declared itself a special province practicing sharia values. Apart from aiming to make a purely Sharia-based region, the conversion of conventional banks to sharia banks is also to stabilize the economy. This study aims to analyze (1) the growth conditions of Islamic banking in Indonesia, (2) the legalization of the Aceh Government Qanun in determining financial institutions operating in Aceh, and (3) the resilience of Islamic banking in facing the global economic downturn during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis method used is literature and regulation review. The conclusion that the decentralization system implemented by the Indonesian Government in Islamic banking has not been able to maximize the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Aceh Province, the only province in Indonesia that implements Sharia Law through special autonomy, has its own economic system. The Aceh government issued a Qanun, which obliged economic activities based on sharia principles. Based on Qanun No. 11 of 2018, the operation of Banks in Aceh must be in accord with Sharia. Therefore, entering 2020, the Islamic economy has been running almost perfectly in Aceh by changing conventional banking operations into Islamic banking. Furthermore, Islamic banking in Indonesia can still maintain stable growth when the Indonesian economy slides sharply in the second quarter of 2020 to minus 5.32 percent. This fact proves that increasing the growth of Islamic banking is an important thing to do. The Government should be serious and more consistent in maintaining economic stability and achieving the purposes (maqashid) of Sharia in human life.========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Konversi Bank Konvensional Menjadi Bank Syariah di Aceh: Upaya Menjaga Stabilitas Perekonomian dalam Wabah Covid-19. Qanun (undang-undang syariat (Islam)) Aceh No 11 Tahun 2018 tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, secara tegas telah mewajibkan lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi di Aceh untuk melaksanakan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip syariah. Penurunan ekonomi global di masa pandemi covid-19 tidak menyurutkan langkah Pemerintah Aceh dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan mensyariahkan seluruh lembaga dan institusi yang berada di Aceh. Walaupun berada di dalam sebuah negara yang tidak menganut paham syariah, Provinsi Aceh telah menyatakan dirinya sebagai sebuah wilayah berkedaulatan syariah Islam. Selain bertujuan untuk menjadikan wilayah yang murni berbasis syariah Islam, konversi bank konvesional menjadi syariah juga bertujuan untuk menstabilkan perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) kondisi pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia, (2) legalisasi Qanun Pemerintah Aceh dalam menentukan lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi di Aceh, dan (3) ketahanan  perbankan syariah dalam menghadapi penurunan perekonomian global di masa pandemi Covid-19. Studi ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur dan analisis regulasi yang menghasilkan kesimpulan yaitu sistem desentralisasi yang dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia pada perbankan syariah belum dapat memaksimalkan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Provinsi Aceh sebagai satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menjalankan Syariat Islam melalui otonomi khusus mempunyai sistem perekonomian tersendiri. Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan qanun yang mewajibkan seluruh kegiatan perekonomian harus berlandaskan prinsip syariah. Berdasarkan Qanun No. 11 Tahun 2018, setiap perbankan yang beroperasi di Aceh haruslah berbentuk syariah. Oleh sebab itu memasuki tahun 2020, perekonomian Islam hampir sempurna telah berjalan di Aceh salah satunya dengan berubahnya operasional perbankan konvensional menjadi perbankan syariah di Provinsi Aceh. Selanjutnya, Perbankan syariah di Indonesia masih mampu menjaga kestabilan pertumbuhannya di saat perekonomian Indonesia meluncur tajam di kuartal II 2020 hingga minus 5,32 persen. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa meningkatkan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah merupakan hal yang penting dilaksanakan, memerlukan keseriusan dan konsistensi terus menerus dari pemerintah demi menjaga kestabilan ekonomi makro dan akan tercapai maqashid syariah pada semua lini kehidupan.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis: the Nigerian experience and structural causes

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peterson K. Ozili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Government

PurposeThis paper analyses the COVID-19 situation in Nigeria, its effect on the economy and the structural causes that worsened the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses simple descriptive analysis to examine the COVID-19 situation in Nigeria.FindingsThe findings reveal that the economic downturn in Nigeria was triggered by a combination of declining oil price and spillovers from the COVID-19 outbreak, which not only led to a fall in the demand for oil products but also stopped economic activities from taking place when social distancing policies were enforced. The government responded to the crisis by providing financial assistance to businesses and a small number of households that were affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The monetary authority adopted accommodative monetary policies and offered a targeted 3.5 trillion loan support to some sectors. These efforts should have prevented the economic crisis from occurring but it did not. Economic agents could not freely engage in economic activities for fear of contracting the COVID-19 disease that was spreading very fast at the time.Practical implicationsThe implication of the study is that policymakers should pay attention to three areas of the economy for economic and structural reform. One, policymakers should introduce economic reforms to diversify the economy and reduce Nigeria's dependence on revenue from crude oil export. Two, policymakers in Nigeria should invest in healthcare infrastructure to improve the ability of the national health system to withstand the outbreak of contagious diseases. Three, there is also a need to build appropriate digital infrastructure to facilitate the transition from “face-to-face” business activities to a “digital or online” business activities, which can help to grow the digital economy. Also, policymakers should use legislation to create a robust social welfare safety net for all citizens particularly for unemployed citizens and poor households.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that looks at the economic implication of COVID-19 in a West African country.

scholarly journals Islamic Banking in Pakistan

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-578
Author(s):  
Shujaat A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Major Development ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systematic Failure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Buy Back ◽  
Sincere Effort

The book under review is a revised edition of Muhammad AkramKhan's Islamic Banking in Pakistan. In this slender yet eloquent volumethe author, who has many other published works in the field of Islamiceconomics and finance to his credit, examines a cornerstone of governmentpolicy during the early 1980s: the Islamization of banking inPakistan. He gives a candid and coherent account of this major development and asserts that it failed because of the lukewarm attitudes of theadministration and political leadership as well as because of the pervertedoutlook of the bureaucrats, elites, and bankers. In the final analysis, hesuggests some concrete measures that are designed to help policy makersand strategists in reconstructing the financial institutions within the frameworkof Islamic laws. The subject matter of this book has been dividedinto six chapters, which are preceded by Muzaffar Hussain's preface andfollowed by concluding remarks, endnotes, an exhaustive bibliography,and an index.In chapter one, Akram provides an historical overview of the processof Islamization of banking, makes some important observations, anddraws logical conclusions. He points out that the Council of IslamicIdeology, a constitutional body consisting of scholars of all shades andschools of thought, categorically prohibited interest (riba) in all of itsvarious forms. However, no sincere effort was ever made by the governmentto eliminate interest and to build an interest-free economy. Theprocess of Islamization, which was initiated in the early 1980s andslowed down during the latter part of the decade, finally came to a completehalt in early 1992. The government, instead of invigorating theIslamization process, filed an appeal in the Supreme Court against theShari'ah Court's decision calling for the abolition of all interest-basedactivities by June 1992.In chapter two, the author goes to the roots of the problem andshows that a lack of political will was the single most important factorcausing the systematic failure of this experiment in Pakistan. He showsthe futility of inconsistent policies and inappropriate strategies pursuedby the State Bank of Pakistan, such as allowing banks to continueinterest-based operations side by side with interest-free activities.Given freedom of choice, banks and other financial institutions showeda much higher interest in such interest-based financing techniques asmark-up and buy-back agreements and little or no interest in suchmodes of finance as musharakah, mudarabah, and ijarah, all of whichare based on Islamic principles associated with profit-loss sharing. Heobserves that the situation was aggravated further when the governmentexcluded the management of public finance from the jurisdictionof the Shari‘ah court and continued its own interest-based activities asusual ...

scholarly journals An Analytical Network Process on Financial Access of the Small and Medium Enterprise in Sharia Banking in Tasikmalaya City

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Asep Suryanto ◽  
Fatimah Zahra Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprise ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
The Government

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is one of the significant roles in national economic development. It is seemly followed by the rise of employment absorbent and equity in income distribution. The capital constraint and the impedance of banking financial access have become the main problem to the Small and Medium entrepreneurs. The objectives of this research are to identify the main factors as problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in having access to the financial institutions, and also to find out the solutions of the research problems. This research uses qualitative approach i.e. Analytic Network Process (ANP). Through applying this method, it is expected to help the researchers in making measurement and synthesis of some factors regarding on the topic analyzed as well as finding the solution for problems faced by the SMEs. The resources of the data is derived from questionnaires and in-depth interview with experts, practitioners, SMEs and regulators which then analyzed by the structure and hierarchy into homogen clusters of the SMEs problems and solutions, measuring into ratio scale and building synthesis. As the result, it becomes clear what factors impeding the financial access of the SMEs to banks. The results of this research show that the difficulties of SMEs in accessing financial support in Islamic financial institutions are internal problems of Islamic banking i.e. lack of financial assistance given to the SMEs, the functions of Islamic banking as business partners for SMEs is not optimal. Whereas the external problems in the SMEs are the disability in meeting the financial requirements asked by Islamic banking that are collateral and business history. The internal solutions are Islamic banking must give business mentoring to SMEs that have received financial supports to minimalize the bad credits level. The external solution is the government must also socialize Islamic financial mechanism to SMEs as part of education efforts.

scholarly journals Penerapan Model UTAUT terkait akseptasi mahasiswa terhadap Cashless Payment di masa Pandemi COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rizka Elisa Rahmawati ◽  
M Ruslianor Maika
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Student Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Student Acceptance

This study aims to determine the level of student acceptance of the cashless society era which is now being promoted by the Government as an effort to stop the spread of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia. The occurrence of coronavirus transmission through physical contact or droplets makes people have to keep their distance and reduce the intensity of social interaction with other people. Therefore, public awareness is needed to reduce the use of cash transactions which are one of the means of spreading Covid-19 and switch to non-cash payments so that they can continue to carry out economic activities, which are the spearheads of human life. The method chosen by the author was qualitative as a combined research method with a phenomenological approach that was carried out directly to students about the changes that occurred during the pandemic. The results showed that the level of student acceptance of cashless payments was quite good with 85% of respondents using non-cash payments and this will continue to grow along with the provision of more modern technology and according to student interests.

scholarly journals Multicultural issues in the development of Islamic banking

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Piotr Masiukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
New Products ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Multicultural Issues ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
Conventional Banks

Abstract Islamic banking is highly specific and is based on the Sharia law. This banking offers new products. which comply with the prohibitions of riba, maysir, gharar. Dynamic development of this banking in the word is the consequence of its opening to culturally diverse clients, and not only Muslims. Numerous researches demonstrate that many not-Muslim clients use the financial products which are offered in Islamic banks and in the “Islamic windows” in conventional banks. The Islamic banking offer is increasingly more often dedicated to the clients beyond the Muslim community, and at the same time the products dedicated to this community are offered by traditional banks. In this way the Islamic banking offer diffuses to other cultures.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN PENGADILAN NEGERI DALAM MEMUTUS SENGKETA LELANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Grace Immanuel Limongan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Economical Growth ◽  
Economy System

One of the important solutions that must be considered by the government in recovering Indonesian economy is implementing sharia economy. Sharia economy has a strong commitment on poverty alleviation, enforcement of justice, economical growth, elimination of usury and prohibition of currency speculation, thus creating economic stability. Sharia economy which emphasizes justice, teaches concepts that excel in dealing with monetary turmoil compared to conventional systems. This fact has been widely acknowledged by many global economic experts, such as Rodney Shakespeare (United Kingdom), Volker Nienhaus (Germany), etc. Going forward, government must pay more attention to the sharia economy system that has been proven to be effective and more resistant in crisis. Sharia economy system represented by sharia banking institutions have shown to be resilience since it uses a profit sharing system, so that it does not experience negative spread as other conventional banks are. In fact, sharia banking grows in difficult times.Meanwhile, large banks experienced severe downturn which ended in liquidation, some other conventional banks were forced to be recapitulated by the government in a large amount. The budget funds that should be prioritized alleviate people’s poverty, was used to help conventional banks. This is the fact that happens when still using and hold ribawi sharia economics. Therefore, the government is now more concerned with the development of sharia economics in Indonesia, both through ratification of laws and by establishing sharia financial institutions

scholarly journals The Margin of Murabaha Financing System of Islamic Banks and Their Effects on Retirees Customer Decisions

Al-Ulum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Muhdar HM Muhdar HM
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Conventional Banks

The phenomenon of retirement customers' decision to take over debts from conventional financial institutions to Islamic finance continues to increase, indicating a change in customer paradigm, predicted due to several factors including financing margin factors. This article explains the extent to which financing margins affect the decision of retired customers to take over from conventional banks to Islamic banking. This study uses a quantitative method with an analysis unit of 161 retired clients who have filled the questionnaire with multi-stage sampling. The results of the study show that murabaha financing margins have a positive and significant effect on the decision making of retired customers in the taking over of financing. This means that good financing margins have great potential to bring retired customers from conventional banks. Thus, this result has implications for marketers and policy makers that retired customers decide based on potential financing products.

Economic Fallout of COVID-19 and State Policy Response for Labour Force Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The Government

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multi-faceted socio-economic threats globally and nationally. India is believed to be among the worst affected countries for imposing longer and extensive lockdown. The Indian economy is projected contract significantly due to nationwide longer lockdown. The closing of all sorts of economic activities created livelihood challenges for industrial workers. This chapter highlights the potential challenges and state policy response for protection of the lives and livelihood of the labour force. Indian government undertakes many measures on the fiscal and monetary part to minimize the health and economic fallout of labour force. Due to robust policy response, Indian economy is projected to report an economic growth rate of 11% in 2021 amid the rebound of global economy and easing of lockdown restrictions. The government has announced a number reforms for agriculture and industrial sectors, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) for larger absorption of labour force through increasing the output base.

scholarly journals Tantangan Konversi Bank Konvensional Menjadi Bank Syariah di Aceh Berdasarkan Qanun Lembaga Keuangan Syariah No 11 Tahun 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Khairul Putriana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Conventional Bank

<p><em>The presence of the Islamic Financial Institution Qanun No 11 </em><em>in </em><em>2018 is a special right for Aceh and has brought a breath of fresh air to the development of the Islamic banking industry in Aceh, a number of conventional banks in Aceh are required to convert to Islamic banks, The purpose of this study is to explain the procedure for accelerating the conversion of unconventional banks to Islamic banks in Aceh and to explain the challenges of banking institutions with the obligation to convert financial institutions in Aceh. The obligation to convert a conventional bank into a sharia bank is clearly as stipulated in article 6 points e and d, although the process of converting a conventional bank to a sharia bank is not found directly in the qanun, but every bank that does the conversion must refer to BI regulations namely PBI No. 11 / 15 / PBI-2009, this is as explained in article 12 "before carrying out business activities, LKS must have a business license in accordance with the provisions of the legislation".</em></p><br /><p> </p>

scholarly journals MENGUKUR KINERJA OPERASIONAL BMT PADA TAHUN 2010 DITINJAU DARI SEGI EFISIENSI DENGAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) (Studi Kasus BMT Di Kota Semarang)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Heny Yuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low Efficiency

<p><em>The development of Islamic banking in Semarang city was rapidly since 1997 until 2012. It is thanks to the Government support in the terms of determine  Islamic  banking. The Support  is now more easy for  movement of Islamic  financial institutions. the author chose the year 2010 of this research because 2010 have been reported complete leadership of the BMT. The issue of this research is how the operational of activities BMT in Semarang city has reached the level of operational efficiency in 2010 and how the forward prospects in Semarang city for competition of BMT with the another syariah financial.The population of this research are 72 BMt and the  sampling  of this research are 12 BMT. The population and the sample was listed by PUSKOPSYAH. The analyze of this research using WDEA which is expected to be answer the problems occurred in the BMT.</em></p><p><em></em><em>The result of this Research are  3 BMT has efficiency of 55% until 90%. There are BMT Mitra Hasanah (61,51), BMT Pasadena (62,41%) and BMT Anda (71,18%). The capital and the operational expenses of three BMT must to increase until  hit a target was expected. The average of That BMT only 30% from the target. And the BMt have low efficiency (less than 55%) i.e. BMT Hudatama (29,22%, BMT Fosilatama (33,28%), BMT Tumoto Bondo (47,81%). While a third of this BMT have low efficiency from variable input i.e. capital and operational expenses and savings. There are need to  upgraded from 50% until 70%. The deficiency occurs in the BMT are  the proportion of unbalanced input i.e. capital and operational expenses, the number of entries maintained does not match your target market. To achieve those targets each BMT must add capital, operating expenses and savings.To answering  the problemof inefficient are: the value of output that should be improved by reducing the input, if  the input and output was increased, so the level to the increase f of output must be greater than the rate of increase for input, or the both of output and input was decline because  the derived output should be lower than input.</em></p>

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