scholarly journals Knowledge and Risk Perception of The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Adult Nigerians: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Wesley Hedima ◽  
Samuel Adeyemi Michael ◽  
Emmanuel Agada David
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
World Health ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Status

AbstractCOVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The Knowledge and risk perception in the adult population may influence adherence to safety guidelines.ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge, preventive measures and risk perception of adult Nigerians regarding COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey in which five hundred and ten (510) adult participants consented and filled the questionnaire. The questionnaire is divided in to four sections: 1) socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, 2) assessment of knowledge, 3) risk perception and the 4) preventive measures.ResultsOf the 510 respondents, 95.9% claimed knowledge of COVID-19, through the traditional media (55.3%), and social media (41%), while only 3.7% got informed through health officials. Level of education (P=0.0001), income status (P<0.00001) and being a healthcare worker (P=0.002) were significantly associated with a good knowledge of COVID-19. Overall Risk perception was high (median score of 4 out of 5). Risk perception was significantly high among the female participants (P=0.04), young adult (P=0.039) and healthcare providers (P=0.001), while knowledge of preventive measures like avoiding to eat outside the home (P=0.001), traveling to high risk areas (P=0.017), wearing face mask (P=0.01) and eating balanced diet (P=0.014) were significant across gender.ConclusionMost participants demonstrated good knowledge of COVID-19 and its preventive measures, while risk perception was higher among healthcare workers. Findings from this survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Perception of the Risk of Contracting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Adult Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Afocha E. E ◽  
Oladele D. A ◽  
Ajibaye O
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered a major public health challenge of this century. The disease caused by the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic that has caused severe morbidity and mortality globally including Africa with the limited ability of requisite public health response. Therefore, this survey aims to assess the knowledge and risk perception of COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria following an index case confirmation in the country. This is an online cross-sectional survey among the general adult population in Nigeria aged 18 years and above. Study variables were summarized using descriptive statistical methods while bivariate analysis was done to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and outcome variables. Out of 254 respondents who participated in this study, (50.6%) were males and (49.4%) were females. The most stated source of information on COVID-19 was social media (88.5%). More than half (69.3.%) had good knowledge of COVID-19, less than one-third (26.0 %) had average knowledge while just a few had poor knowledge (4.7%) of the disease. Risk perception among the respondents was low and evenly distributed. There was no statistically significant association between, education, gender, and employment status of the respondents and good knowledge of COVID-19. The study suggests that a considerable proportion of respondents have adequate knowledge and awareness related to COVID-19. However, respondent's risk perception of contracting the disease was low. There is a need therefore for robust enlightenment through effective behavioral change communication campaigns. Key words: Knowledge, Perception, Risk, COVID-19, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Home Based Management of Uncomplicated P. falciparum Malaria in Children Below Five Years in Delta State

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Edjophe Arute ◽  
Valentine Uche Odili
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
World Health ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
African Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Choice Of Therapy

Background: The world health organization (WHO) estimates that every 45 seconds an African child dies of malaria while several others lay ill. Also, studies have shown that home-based management of malaria could improve prompt access to antimalarial medications for African children. Objective: This study aimed at assessing the home based management practices among care givers of children below five years in Delta State. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey used to assess the home based management practices of malaria in children under age five. 459 consenting Caregivers of children under five (6 to 59 months) were purposively selected from different churches during Sundays and Wednesdays midweek services through balloting from two communities in Central and North Senatorial Districts of Delta State (Oghara and Obiaruku). Prior to the commencement of the study, the caregivers were thoroughly counselled on the objectives of the study, and a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for administration in English, Urhobo and Ukwuani languages. Results: The study revealed that 86.93% respondents have good knowledge of malaria, and 60% commenced treatment within 24hrs. It also showed that 58.4% preferred anti-malarial combination therapies with arthemether-lumefantrine combination accounting for 34.0% drug options. Drug sources for home based malaria management were mainly from Pharmacy 40.5%, Drug sellers such as chemist 55.1% while information sources on choice of therapy and dosage were mainly from chemist 32.7%; health personnel 25.7%; neighbours 7.5% and self-based on previous experience 36.6%. Conclusion: The study revealed very good knowledge of malaria and good management practices as well as good treatment seeking behaviours amongst the caregivers.

scholarly journals COVID-19- a public health emergency: what do we know? A cross-sectional study on community awareness level towards COVID-19 in Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Fahad Afzal ◽  
Rehan Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad R. Khan ◽  
Maria Afzal ◽  
Nabeela Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Level

Background: The aim of this survey study was to assess the level of awareness amongst the population of Uttar Pradesh province of India regarding the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the month of August 2020 amongst 1024 respondents in Uttar Pradesh province, to assess their awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic and its preventive measures.Result: Majority of respondents are aware about some aspects of COVID-19 which are highlighted by media but there also exist a significant knowledge gaps. Awareness level of respondents is high for some aspects of COVID-19, such as; animal responsible for anthropozoonosis, prevention, symptoms, contagiousness of COVID-19. Respondents also expressed the importance of proper nutrition and balanced diet to strengthen the immune system and recover from COVID-19 infection. Also, a considerable percentage of respondents are not fully aware about the risk imposed by COVID-19 on different age groups.Conclusion: Upon the understanding of awareness level of the respondents regarding different aspects of COVID-19, it is clear that there exists a certain knowledge gap, which should be rectified by direct contact of population with the healthcare providers and government health agencies. Government and healthcare agencies should utilize social networking websites as a platform of direct information communication. Intense education program regarding COVID-19 should be initiated by Indian Government enabling direct interaction and ensuring only authentic and complete information is imparted in the population. Government could develop their own program incorporating World Health Organization open course program regarding COVID-19.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Compliance with Personal Preventive Measures among Office Workers After Work Resumption during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Aruba Sohail ◽  
Mir Umer Farooq Alam Shah ◽  
Maman Khurshid ◽  
Farah Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strict Adherence

As the lockdowns have been lifted to relieve pressure on the economy, strict adherence to personal preventive measures (PPMs) in offices is essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated self-reported compliance with three PPMs among a sample of office workers in Karachi, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey with participants were adult office workers who had resumed work in Karachi, Pakistan. All full-time employees aged ≥ 18 years who had resumed work in the offices were invited to complete the survey. Of 487 workers who were invited, 411 (84.4%) completed the survey between March 1 and March 20, 2021. We examined the effects of sociodemographic factors, individual-level factors, interpersonal-level factors, and social-structural–level factors using logistic regression models. Of the total sample, 192 (46.7%) reported always wearing a face mask in the workplace. Self-reported sanitizing of hands (46.0%) was comparable to use of face masks, whereas avoiding crowded places (21.2%) was less common. Perceived effectiveness of individual preventive measures (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] from 1.19 to 1.42; confidence intervals (CIs) 1.04–1.37 to CI 1.18–1.71), perceived effectiveness of governmental preventive measures (AORs from 1.23 to 1.39 CI 1.02–1.47 to CI 1.12–1.72), and number of preventive measures implemented by the office (AORs from 1.20 to 1.26 CI 1.09–1.31 to CI 1.13–1.39) were associated with self-reported compliance with PPMs. Perceived preparedness of medical system in Karachi (AOR 1.44, CI 1.08–1.93) was only associated with self-reported sanitizing of hands. Reduced compliance to PPMs was observed; hence, efforts need to be made to ensure strict adherence to PPMs.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive measures regarding Dengue Fever in Bangladesh: Quantitative Interview among University Students.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
S.M. Farzana ◽  
Farzana Binte Sahid ◽  
Devaroti Bhattacherjee ◽  
Tasniya Nahiyan Zulfiquar ◽  
Sanjida Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In this decade it has expanded to new countries and from urban to rural areas. Limited awareness and nonsystematized health education programmes have contributed adversely to the increase in dengue incidence due to limited attention which has positively contributed to the increase in vector receptivity. The current study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and Preventive measures regarding Dengue fever among the students of various universities in Bangladesh. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the Knowledge, Awareness and Preventive measures (KAP) among the students of various universities in Bangladesh. Methodology: Between August 2020 & November 2020, an epidemiological survey was conducted among 199 students of various universities throughout Bangladesh. We collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures regarding DF using a structured questionnaire. Majority of the questions were dichotomous (Yes/No type) and some questions were asked using five point Likert scale.  We then statistically compared their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures in regard to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents to identify possible causes of observed differences using SPSS version 23. Results: Total number of students from Diploma, Undergraduate (Honor's), Postgraduate (Master's) were 199 who had given voluntary consent and participated in this study willingly.  The sample comprised more males (56%) than females (44%), and almost 50% of respondents were from allied health science (Pharmacy, Microbiology, Public health, Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry etc) background. Respondents had relatively good knowledge about aspects of Dengue fever. Out of 199 individuals interviewed, 97% had heard of DF. They had good knowledge score regarding dengue symptoms but comparatively moderate knowledge score regarding dengue transmission and management. The knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures level of study respondents was found statistically significant in relation to the academic attainment of the respondents. Conclusion: We recommend implementing mass educational programmes throughout the country in order to raise the awareness and to translate knowledge into sound practice to control dengue disease epidemics in Bangladesh.

230 Association Between Chronotype and Subjective Cognitive Functioning: Population-Based Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A92-A92
Author(s):  
Inha Hwang ◽  
Dana Oh ◽  
Jee-Eun Yoon ◽  
Daeyoung Kim ◽  
Kwang Ik Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Status

Abstract Introduction Increasing research suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction may be a forerunner of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. We investigated the association between chronotype and subjective cognitive functioning in the representative sample of the adult population. Methods We included subjects who participated in a nationwide cross-sectional survey of sleep and headache in 2018 in the Republic of Korea. A total of 2136 subjects (age 19-92, mean 48.3 ± 16.5 years old, 1062 male) was included in the analysis. To assess subjective cognitive functioning, we adopted the Mail-In Cognitive Function Screening Instrument (MCFSI). The MCSFSI is a brief, self-administered potential outcome measure developed by the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) to detect early changes in cognitive and functional abilities in individuals without clinical impairment. MCFSI scores ≥5 were considered abnormal for this study. As an indicator of chronotype, we adopted the “midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep extension on free days (MSFsc).” MSFsc was calculated as follows: MSFsc = midpoint of sleep on free days − 0.5 × (sleep duration on free days − [5 × sleep duration on workdays + 2 × sleep duration on free days]/7). Participants whose MSFsc occurred before 04:00 AM, between 04:00 and 04:59 AM, and after 05:00 AM were classified as early, intermediate, and late chronotype, respectively. The associations between chronotype and subjective cognitive functioning were analyzed with logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Subjective cognitive functioning was abnormal in 381 subjects (17.8%). A late chronotype was significantly associated with abnormal subjective cognitive functioning compared with an early chronotype independent of age, sex, average sleep duration, alcohol, smoking, regular exercise, anxiety, depression, body mass index (BMI), education years, and income status (OR 1.619, 95% CI 1.03 - 2.55, p=0.038). Abnormal subjective cognitive functioning was significantly associated with older age, female sex, lower education, higher BMI, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion This survey cohort results provide evidence at the population level that late chronotype is associated with abnormal subjective cognitive functioning. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Adoption of Preventive Measures During the Very Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: National Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lau ◽  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Meiqi Xin ◽  
Rui She ◽  
Sitong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 in China occurred around the Chinese New Year (January 25, 2020), and infections decreased continuously afterward. General adoption of preventive measures during the Chinese New Year period was crucial in driving the decline. It is imperative to investigate preventive behaviors among Chinese university students, who could have spread COVID-19 when travelling home during the Chinese New Year break. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated levels of COVID-19–related personal measures undertaken during the 7-day Chinese New Year holidays by university students in China, and associated COVID-19–related cognitive factors. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey was conducted during the period from February 1 to 10, 2020. Data from 23,863 students (from 26 universities, 16 cities, 13 provincial-level regions) about personal measures (frequent face-mask wearing, frequent handwashing, frequent home staying, and an indicator that combined the 3 behaviors) were analyzed (overall response rate 70%). Multilevel multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Only 28.0% of respondents (6684/23,863) had left home for &gt;4 hours, and 49.3% (11,757/23,863) had never left home during the 7-day Chinese New Year period; 79.7% (19,026/23,863) always used face-masks in public areas. The frequency of handwashing with soap was relatively low (6424/23,863, 26.9% for &gt;5 times/day); 72.4% (17,282/23,863) had frequently undertaken ≥2 of these 3 measures. COVID-19–related cognitive factors (perceptions on modes of transmission, permanent bodily damage, efficacy of personal or governmental preventive measures, nonavailability of vaccines and treatments) were significantly associated with preventive measures. Associations with frequent face-mask wearing were stronger than those with frequent home staying. CONCLUSIONS University students had strong behavioral responses during the very early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. Levels of personal prevention, especially frequent home staying and face-mask wearing, were high. Health promotion may modify cognitive factors. Some structural factors (eg, social distancing policy) might explain why the frequency of home staying was higher than that of handwashing. Other populations might have behaved similarly; however, such data were not available to us. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Treatment Challenges, Priorities, and Relationship with Healthcare Providers in HIV Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Portuguese Adults Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Antonio Antunes ◽  
Ines Augusto ◽  
Patricia Parada ◽  
Chinyere Okoli ◽  
Ama Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization’s definition of health focuses on health-related quality of life in all domains, not just the “absence of disease or infirmity”. We investigated various treatment challenges among People living with HIV (PLHIV) in Portugal.METHODS: We analyzed data for n=60 adult PLHIV with a confirmed diagnosis and on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) who participated in the 2019 Positive Perspectives Survey. Descriptive analyses were performed using R Version 3.6.1.RESULTS: Most participants were virally suppressed (97%), male (67%); <50 years (51%); and had ≥1 non-HIV comorbidity (70%). Overall, 15% reported trouble swallowing pills, 35% experienced ART side effects, 22% felt daily oral ART limited their life, 25% were stressed by their dosing schedule, 33% said daily oral dosing cued bad memories, while 63% said daily dosing reminded them of their HIV. These challenges were associated with treatment-avoidance behaviors; PLHIV reported missing ≥1 ART dose within the past month because of food requirements 27%, side effects 12%, concerns about long-term ART impacts 10%, and problems swallowing 5%. Overall, 73% were open to taking long-acting, nondaily ART if they remained virologically controlled. Only 35% overall perceived no communication barriers with their HCPs; these individuals had higher prevalence of optimal physical (86% vs. 49%, p=0.011) and mental health (86% vs. 36%, p<0.001) than those with a perceived barrier.CONCLUSION: For some PLHIV, taking pills daily was linked with diverse emotional challenges, including pill fatigue and anxiety. Clinicians should consider patient preferences when prescribing ART and engage PLHIV in treatment decisions.

An Observational Non Interventional Research Study On Knowledge, Attitude And Awareness (KAA) About COVID -19 Outbreak In India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K SATHYAMURTHI
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Health Situation

World is completely shut for more than a month due to the pandemic health situation of COVID19. World Health Organisation (WHO) declared February 2020 Corona Virus is causing pandemic health condition in the globe. SARS-CoV2 initiating from China, novel Corona moved towards east and then crossed to west showing its tyrannical face in each country. Almost eighty percent of the nation in this globe had been deadly affected and locked down was declared almost ninety percent of the nations by the novel corona. Human beings are striving hard to overcome the strange corona virus. The curative medicines have not produced till now the only way is to preventive measures. India has been locked down for more than three month due to the corona virus. The study aims in understanding the extent of awareness on SARS-CoV-2 among Indian residents through a cross sectional survey. The study instruments is self developed KAP scale consists of 12 statements related to the Corona virus clinical and preventive characteristics and the practice pattern of COVID19. The study covers about 9121 samples residing in India. The study shows that about sixty percent of the participants are highly aware about SARS-CoV-2. The knowledge, attitude and awareness about the spread of the corona virus have less impact on practicing preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND RISK PERCEPTION OF NIGERIANS TOWARDS THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolaji Felicia Udomah ◽  
Uriel Oludare Ashaolu ◽  
Charles Oluwatemitope Olomofe ◽  
Olufunke Folasade Dada ◽  
Victor Kehinde Soyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) is far from over, although appreciable progress have been made to limit the devastating effects of the pandemic across the globe. Adequate knowledge and risk perception is a critical assessment that is required to ensure proper preventive measures. This study assessed these among Nigerians. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional assessment of 776 consenting Nigerian adults that were distributed across the 6 geo-political zones and the Federal Capital Territory. Online pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire were used to obtain the socio-demographic data and assessed the knowledge and risk perception of the participants to COVID-19. The knowledge of COVID-19 was assessed based on the number of accurate responses given in comparison to average scores. Chi-square analysis was computed to analysis the association between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of COVID-19 and risk perception. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21, the level of significance was set at value p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Majority of the participants were male 451 (58.1%), there was a good knowledge of COVID-19 among 90.3% of respondents with 57% having positive risk perception. There was a statistically significant relationship between good knowledge and positive risk perception of COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Annual income (p =0.012) and the perception that vaccines are good significantly predict positive risk perception of COVID-19 among the respondents. Conclusion: A good knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccination against the virus were the two most important factors that determined risk perception among the population. This may be because of the widespread advocacy, and it portends a good omen at combating COVID-19 menace. Key words: COVID-19, Risk perception, Nigerians

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