scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease Severity and Determinants among Ethiopian Patients: A study of the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Kindalem G. Abebe ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding determinants of developing severe COVID-19 disease is important as studies show that severe disease is associated with worse outcomes.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the determinants of COVID-19 disease severity among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2020 among randomly selected 686 patients. Chi-square test was used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the patients based on disease severity (Mild Vs Moderate Vs Severe), where p-value of <0.05 was considered as having a statistically significant difference. A Multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the presence of a significant association between the independent variables and COVID-19 disease severity where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsHaving moderate as compared with mild disease was significantly associated with having hypertension (AOR= 2.302, 95% CI= 1.266, 4.184, p-value=0.006), diabetes mellitus (AOR=2.607, 95% CI= 1.307, 5.198, p-value=0.007 for diabetes mellitus), fever (AOR= 6.115, 95% CI= 2.941, 12.716, p-value=0.0001) and headache (AOR= 2.695, 95% CI= 1.392, 5.215, p-value=0.003). Similarly, having severe disease as compared with mild disease was associated with age group (AOR= 4.428, 95% CI= 2.497, 7.853, p-value=0.0001 for 40-59 years and AOR=18.070, 95% CI=9.292, 35.140, p-value=0.0001 for ≥ 60 years), sex (AOR=1.842, 95% CI=1.121, 3.027, p-value=0.016), hypertension (AOR= 1.966, 95% CI= 1.076, 3.593, p-value=0.028), diabetes mellitus (AOR= 3.926, 95% CI= 1.964, 7.847, p-value=0.0001), fever (AOR= 13.218, 95% CI= 6.109, 28.601, p-value=0.0001) and headache (AOR= 4.816, 95% CI= 2.324, 9.979, p-value=0.0001). In addition, determinants of severe disease as compared with moderate disease were found to be age group (AOR= 4.871, 95% CI= 2.854, 8.315, p-value=0.0001 for 40-59 years and AOR= 18.906, 95% CI= 9.838, 36.334, p-value=0.0001 for ≥ 60 years), fever (AOR= 2.161, 95% CI= 1.286, 3.634, p-value=0.004) and headache (AOR= 1.787, 95% CI= 1.028, 3.107, p-value=0.039).ConclusionsBeing old, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and having symptoms of fever and headache were found to be determinants of developing a more severe COVID-19 disease category. We recommend a better preventive practice to be set in place so that these groups of patients can be protected from acquiring the disease. And for those who are already infected, a more careful follow-up and management should be given so that complication and death can be prevented. Furthermore, considering the above non respiratory symptoms as disease severity indicator could be important.

scholarly journals Laboratory biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and outcome: Findings from a developing country

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246087
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Birhanu T. Ayele ◽  
Yakob G. Tsegay ◽  
Daniel S. Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers

Aim To identify laboratory biomarkers that predict disease severity and outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 429 COVID-19 patients who were on follow up from July to October 2020. Data was described using frequency tables. Robust Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity where adjusted relative risk (ARR), P-value and 95 CI for ARR were used to test significance. Binary Logistic regression model was used to assess the presence of statistically significant association between the explanatory variables and COVID-19 outcome where adjusted odds ratio (AOR), P-value and 95%CI for AOR were used for testing significance. Results Among the 429 patients studied, 182 (42.4%) had Severe disease at admission and the rest 247 (57.6%) had Non-severe disease. Regarding disease outcome, 45 (10.5%) died and 384 (89.5%) were discharged alive. Age group (ARR = 1.779, 95%CI = 1.405–2.252, p-value <0.0001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (ARR = 4.769, 95%CI = 2.419–9.402 p-value <0.0001), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (ARR = 1.358, 95%CI = 1.109–1.662 p-value = 0.003), Sodium (ARR = 1.321, 95%CI = 1.091–1.600 p-value = 0.004) and Potassium (ARR = 1.269, 95%CI = 1.059–1.521 p-value = 0.010) were found to be significant predictors of COVID-19 severity. The following factors were significantly associated with COVID-19 outcome; age group (AOR = 2.767, 95%CI = 1.099–6.067, p-value = 0.031), white blood cell count (WBC) (AOR = 4.253, 95%CI = 1.918–9.429, p-value = 0.0001) and sodium level (AOR = 3.435, 95%CI = 1.439–8.198, p-value = 0.005). Conclusions Assessing and monitoring the laboratory markers of WBC, NLR, SGOT, sodium and potassium levels at the earliest stage of the disease could have a considerable role in halting disease progression and death.

scholarly journals Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Degu G. Alemahu ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 765 COVID-19 patients (372 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsThe result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsDeveloping a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be determined by exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome.

scholarly journals COVID-19 among Minority Children in Detroit, Michigan during the Early National Surge of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110227
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Y. Ang ◽  
Nirupama Kannikeswaran ◽  
Katherine Parker ◽  
Eric McGrath ◽  
Nahed Abdel-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on communities of racial/ethnic minority groups in the US where long-standing health issues and structural inequities are now known to have resulted in increased risk for infection, severe illness, and death from the virus. The objective of our study was to describe demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, medical interventions and outcomes of pediatric patients with COVID-19 treated at Children’s Hospital of Michigan (CHM), a tertiary care center in urban Detroit, an early hotspot during the initial surge of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods. A retrospective chart review was performed of children ≤18 years of age who had polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing via NP swab or serum IgG antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 during March 1, 2020–June 30, 2020. Results. Seventy-eight COVID-19 infected children were identified of whom 85.8% (67/78) were from minority populations (African American, Hispanic). Hospitalization rate was 82% (64/78). About 44% (34/78) had an associated comorbidity with asthma and obesity being most common. Although all ages were affected, infants <1 year of age had the highest hospitalization rate (19/64, 30%). In all disease severity categories, dichotomized non-whites had more severe disease by percentage within race/ethnicity than Whites, and also within percent disease severity ( P-value = .197). Overall, 37% of hospitalized patients required intensive care. Conclusions. Extremely high rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and requirement of ICU care were identified in our patient population. Further studies are needed to better understand the contributing factors to this health disparity in disadvantaged communities.

scholarly journals Laboratory Biomarkers of COVID-19 Disease Severity and Outcome: Findings from a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Birhanu T. Ayele ◽  
Yakob G. Tsegay ◽  
Daniel S. Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers

ABSTRACTAimTo identify laboratory biomarkers that predict disease severity and outcome among COVID-19 patients admitted to the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 429 RT-PCR confirmed COVID- 19 patients who were on follow up from July to October 2020 and with complete clinical and laboratory data. Data was described using frequency tables. Robust Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 disease severity where adjusted relative risk (RR), P-value and 95% CI for RR were used to test significance and interpretation of results. Binary Logistic regression model was used to assess the presence of statistically significant association between the explanatory variables and COVID-19 disease outcome where adjusted odds ratio, P- value and 95% CI for adjusted odds ratio were used for testing significance and interpretation of resultsResultsAmong the 429 patients studied, 182 (42.4%) had Severe disease at admission and the rest 247 (57.6%) had Non-severe disease (15.6% mild and 42.0% moderate). Regarding disease outcome, 45 (10.5%) died and 384 (89.5%) were discharged alive. Age group (ARR= 1.779, 95% CI= 1.405- 2.252, p-value < 0.0001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (ARR= 4.769, 95% CI= 2.419 - 9.402 p-value <0.0001), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (ARR= 1.358, 95% CI= 1.109- 1.662 p-value=0.003), Sodium (ARR= 1.321, 95% CI= 1.091- 1.600 p-value=0.004) and Potassium (ARR= 1.269, 95% CI= 1.059-1.521 p-value=0.010) were found to be significant predictors of COVID-19 disease severity.The following factors were significantly associated with COVID-19 disease outcome; age group (AOR= 2.767, 95% CI= 1.099 - 6.067, p-value=0.031), white blood cell count (AOR= 4.253, 95% CI= 1.918 - 9.429, p-value=0.0001) and sodium level (AOR= 3.435, 95% CI= 1.439, 8.198, p-value=0.005).ConclusionsThe laboratory markers of NLR of above three, raised SGOT and deranged sodium and potassium levels (both hypo- and hyper-states) were found to be significant predictors of developing severe COVID-19 disease. In addition, deranged values of white blood cell count and sodium levels were significantly associated with worse outcome of the disease. Therefore, assessing and monitoring these laboratory markers at the earliest stage of the disease could have a considerable impact in halting disease progression and death.

scholarly journals Effect of ACE2 Expression Inhibiting Drugs on COVID-19 Disease Severity, Outcome and Length of Admission in Ethiopian Patients: A Causal Inference Using Marginal Structural Model with Inverse Probability Weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigist W. Leulseged ◽  
Ishmael S. Hassen ◽  
Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽  
Endalkachew H. Maru ◽  
Lydia K. Naylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Marginal Structural Model ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The role of drugs that inhibit ACE2 expression on COVID-19 disease severity, progression and outcome has been debatable with studies reporting contradictory findings. So far, there is no such study conducted in Africa. Having clarity on this issue is relevant as these drugs are the commonly prescribed medications for patients with co-morbid illnesses who are reported to be vulnerable to COVID-19 poor outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute or chronic ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on COVID-19 disease severity, outcome and length of admission among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 945 patients with COVID-19 who were on follow up from July 2nd to December 25th, 2020. Data was described using frequency tables and cross tabulations. To identify the effect of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on COVID-19 disease severity, disease outcome and length of admission, Marginal Structural Model (MSM) with inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach was used. Results Among the 945 patients studied, 115 (12.2%) had a history of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use. At admission, the majority (39.6%) had mild disease and 272 (28.8%) had severe disease. Among the study participants, 900 (95.2%) were discharged improved and the rest 45 (4.8%) died. The median length of admission was 14.0 days (IQR, 13–16). Multinomial Logistic Regression, Log Binomial Regression and Negative Binomial Regression models were fitted to assess the effect of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use on disease severity, outcome and length of admission respectively. In all the three outcome models, ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs use didn’t show a statistically significant association with the outcomes. Conclusions Acute or chronic use of ACEIs, ARBs and/or NSAIDs showed no effect on COVID-19 disease severity, outcome and length of admission and therefore should not be withdrawn from patients who need these therapies.

scholarly journals Lymphopenia: A useful predictor of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ullah Toori ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan Qureshi ◽  
Asma Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To detect association of lymphopenia with disease severity and mortality. Methods: Total 874 COVID RT-PCR positive patients admitted to KRL Hospital Islamabad from April 2020 to August 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. Lymphopenia was defined as <1100 cells/micro–L. WHO categories for disease severity were used. Demographic profile, absolute lymphocyte counts and co-morbidities were recorded. Pearson’s Chi Square test was used to see association between lymphopenia and disease severity as well as disease outcome. Regression analysis was used to see whether lymphopenia would predict disease severity. Comparison of means of absolute lymphocyte count in different disease categories was done by ANOVA. Tukey’s test range was then used to find the means different from each other. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: The mean age of patients was 40±12.3 years. Majority patients (73.9%) were asymptomatic. Lymphopenia was present in 6.9% of total patients. Significant association was found between lymphopenia and disease severity as well as lymphopenia and mortality (< 0.001). Lymphopenia was found to be a predictor of disease severity using regression analysis (< 0.001). Comparison of mean absolute lymphocyte count was significant among disease severity categories (< 0.001). On post-hoc analysis, difference in absolute lymphocyte count was significant moving from asymptomatic to mild and then moderate disease category. However no significant difference was seen in absolute lymphocyte count between moderate and severe categories. Conclusion: Results are compatible with worldwide studies and lymphopenia is valid as a marker of disease severity and mortality doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4085 How to cite this:Toori KU, Qureshi MA, Chaudhry A. Lymphopenia: A useful predictor of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4085 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Association of Clinical and Hematological variables with the disease severity in Indian Sickle cell anemia patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 5254-5257
Author(s):  
L.V.K.S. Bhaskar ◽  
Smaranika Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Test

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common genetic disorder that is caused due to mutation of the β globin gene. Although SCA is a monogenic disorder, the clinical presentation varies greatly among patients. The present study was designed to be a cross sectional study, aimed at analysing the SCA severity and its association with different clinical, biochemical and hematological variables in SCA patients of Indian origin. About 190 random homozygous SCA patients confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis were used in the study. Routine biochemical laboratory (liver function test and Renal function test) and hematologic tests (Total hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and MCH) were done. Values pertaining to complete blood count (CBC), Hb-HPLC and clinical investigations were collected from patient’s records. The mean age of patients with severe disease was significantly lesser than the moderate and mild disease patients. The body mass index (BMI) was also significantly lower in severe disease patients compared to the moderate and mild disease. The patients with severe disease had low levels of red blood cells, total hemoglobin (tHb) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) compared to the other groups. There is no significant difference in the kidney and liver function among various degrees of disease severity. In summary, this study demonstrates that the tHb and HbF and total leucocyte count (TLC) are major prognostic factors for several clinical complications in SCA. Baseline measurement of these important variables is paramount in predicting important aspects of clinical course and improves the quality lives of these children.

scholarly journals Blood Types and Severity of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Burcu Ozdemir ◽  
Levent Ozdemir ◽  
Bilge Akgunduz ◽  
Murat Celik ◽  
Senem Urfali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Since blood types first appeared, their association with diseases caused by microorganisms has been further investigated with several studies for many years. The bond of blood groups described as A, B, AB, and O with coronavirus has been the research subject in many countries.We aimed to elucidate whether there was a relationship between blood types and Rh factor and contracting COVID-19 disease and disease severity. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective case-control study. Between March 2020 - February 2021, 1110 patients were included (538 cases, 572 controls). Disease severity was classified according to where patients were treated: those who were outpatients considered as “mild disease”, hospitalized in a hospital ward considered as “moderate disease”, and treated in the intensive care unit were considered as “severe disease”. Results: The number of people with blood type A was 447 (40.3%), blood type B was 197 (17.7%), blood type AB was 90 (%8), and blood type O was 376 (33.9%). There was no significant difference between the case and control groups according to the blood types. A 3.93 times increase of developing mild illness was detected compared to the control group in Rh-positive individuals. The rate of developing a severe disease was higher in females with blood type A than a mild disease, and A blood type caused the disease to be severe compared to other blood groups in females. Conclusion: We concluded that blood type A caused more severe disease than other blood types in females, and females with B blood type survived the disease as outpatients. Our study can shed light on pathophysiological investigation of the relationship between COVID-19 disease causing a pandemic with high mortality and virulence and blood types. Keywords: COVID-19 virus, blood group, disease

#14: Blastomycosis in 64 Wisconsin Children: Unanticipated Infection Risk and Severity in Urban Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
Jaimee M Hall ◽  
Peter L Havens ◽  
Errin A Mitchell ◽  
Gabriel N De Vela ◽  
Lauren L Titus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Exposure Source

Abstract Background Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis of immunocompetent individuals, typically seen after exposure to wooded areas near rivers, lakes, and streams in rural locations, and often not considered a disease of urban environments. Disease can be isolated to lung, or disseminate to skin, bone, or central nervous system. Factors influencing disease acquisition and severity in children are unknown. Methods We analyzed acquisition risk factors and disease characteristics of blastomycosis in children treated at a tertiary care center from 1998–2018 to identify exposure source and measure disease severity, to identify cases without “typical exposure”, and to measure the effect of race on disease severity. Results Of 64 children, median age was 13.3 years, 72% were male, 38% resided in urban counties, and 50% had typical environmental exposure. Isolated pulmonary infection occurred in 33 (52%). The remaining children had evidence of dissemination including skin (N=13), bone (N=16; 7 clinically silent), and central nervous system (N=7; 3 clinically silent). Infection was moderate/severe in 19 (30%). Two children (3%) died. 79% of children with moderate/severe disease (p=0.008) and 71% of urban children (p=0.007) had no typical environmental exposure. Comparing children from urban counties to other residences, 63% versus 5% were black (p&lt;0.001) and 71% versus 35% developed extrapulmonary dissemination (p=0.006). Moderate/severe disease occurred in 7/17 (42%) black and 12/47 (26%) children of other race (p=0.23). Conclusions Blastomycosis, endemic in urban children in the absence of typical exposure history, has frequent, sometimes clinically silent, extrapulmonary dissemination, with a trend toward more severe disease in black children.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF HEPATITIS PREVENTION AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN FROM PAKISTAN DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY DATA 2012-13

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Faiz Rasul Awan ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Baig ◽  
Atiq ur Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Pakistan and Egypt bear more than 80% of the burden of disease as more than 12 million people are suffering from hepatitis B or C infection and there is addition of about 150000 new cases each year.Methods: We have used secondary data PDHS - Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, DHS has become the gold standard of survey data in developing countries, a project by ORC Macro with financial support from the USAID for the International Development carried out as multistage, cluster sampling for its data collection on multiple questions, most pertinent from our study point view the maternal and child health related to knowledge attitude and practices of hepatitis and its prevention. Results:The final multivariate model six variables came out to be statistically significant with their adjusted odd's ration p-value and 95% confidence interval i.e., use of new disposable syringe every time for therapeutic injection purpose, the respondent being rich as wealth index, reading newspapers and magazines, watching television as source of information, area of residence being urban and with higher educational level came out to be most important variable which are making statistically significant difference for prevention of hepatitis among females of reproductive age group as our study population from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Conclusion: It is quite evident from the results of our study that use of new disposal syringes, being rich , being educated, having access to information resources like watching television, listening radio, reading newspaper & magazine and being as an urban dwellers are significant factor among women of reproductive age groups for prevention of hepatitis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document