Expression analysis of photosynthesis-related genes in albino Artocarpus heterophyllus seedlings leaves

AbstractAlbino Artocarpus heterophyllus Seedlings (AAS) were found in the preliminary investigation by our group and were used as materials for researching. The phenotype of AAS leaves were observed and measured. In parallel, the photosynthetic physiological parameters were determined under different photosynthetically active radiations (PAR). The results suggested that the length, width, area and thickness of AAS leaves were less than normal seedings. Likewise, the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of AAS leaves were not susceptible to PAR in contrast to normal individuals. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing technology was performed to clarify the expression of genes related to photosynthesis. It is as expected that numerous down-regulated genes were found in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, as well as the pathways of photosynthesis - antenna proteins, photoreaction and carbon fixation reaction of AAS leaves. Compared to other albino plants, AAS have a longer life span and more stable phenotypic traits with larger leaves, which could provide ideal materials for investigating photosynthesis of woody plants.

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) augments metabolism and virulence expression factors in Acinetobacter baumannii

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81714-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jasmine Martinez ◽

Chelsea Razo-Gutierrez ◽

Casin Le ◽

Robert Courville ◽

Camila Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Atp Synthesis ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Model Systems ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Expression Of Genes

AbstractIn a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen described as an “urgent threat.” Infection with this bacterium manifests as different diseases such as community and nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, infections of the urinary tract, wound infections, burn infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and meningitis. In particular, nosocomial meningitis, an unwelcome complication of neurosurgery caused by extensively-drug resistant (XDR) A. baumannii, is extremely challenging to manage. Therefore, understanding how A. baumannii adapts to different host environments, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that may trigger changes in expression of virulence factors that are associated with the successful establishment and progress of this infection is necessary. The present in-vitro work describes, the genetic changes that occur during A. baumannii infiltration into CSF and displays A. baumannii’s expansive versatility to persist in a nutrient limited environment while enhancing several virulence factors to survive and persist. While a hypervirulent A. baumannii strain did not show changes in its transcriptome when incubated in the presence of CSF, a low-virulence isolate showed significant differences in gene expression and phenotypic traits. Exposure to 4% CSF caused increased expression of virulence factors such as fimbriae, pilins, and iron chelators, and other virulence determinants that was confirmed in various model systems. Furthermore, although CSF's presence did not enhance bacterial growth, an increase of expression of genes encoding transcription, translation, and the ATP synthesis machinery was observed. This work also explores A. baumannii’s response to an essential component, human serum albumin (HSA), within CSF to trigger the differential expression of genes associated with its pathoadaptibility in this environment.

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The underestimated role of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) in normal and pathological haematopoiesis

Cell & Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s13578-021-00529-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alessia Oppezzo ◽

Filippo Rosselli

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Gene Networks ◽

Bone Marrow Failure ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Specific Setting ◽

Haematopoietic System ◽

Abnormal Pigmentation ◽

In Cells

AbstractHaematopoiesis, the process by which a restrained population of stem cells terminally differentiates into specific types of blood cells, depends on the tightly regulated temporospatial activity of several transcription factors (TFs). The deregulation of their activity or expression is a main cause of pathological haematopoiesis, leading to bone marrow failure (BMF), anaemia and leukaemia. TFs can be induced and/or activated by different stimuli, to which they respond by regulating the expression of genes and gene networks. Most TFs are highly pleiotropic; i.e., they are capable of influencing two or more apparently unrelated phenotypic traits, and the action of a single TF in a specific setting often depends on its interaction with other TFs and signalling pathway components. The microphthalmia-associated TF (MiTF) is a prototype TF in multiple situations. MiTF has been described extensively as a key regulator of melanocyte and melanoma development because it acts mainly as an oncogene. Mitf-mutated mice show a plethora of pleiotropic phenotypes, such as microphthalmia, deafness, abnormal pigmentation, retinal degeneration, reduced mast cell numbers and osteopetrosis, revealing a greater requirement for MiTF activity in cells and tissue. A growing amount of evidence has led to the delineation of key roles for MiTF in haematopoiesis and/or in cells of haematopoietic origin, including haematopoietic stem cells, mast cells, NK cells, basophiles, B cells and osteoclasts. This review summarizes several roles of MiTF in cells of the haematopoietic system and how MiTFs can impact BM development.

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Cryptic oxygen cycling in anoxic marine zones

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1619844114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (31) ◽

pp. 8319-8324 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Emilio Garcia-Robledo ◽

Cory C. Padilla ◽

Montserrat Aldunate ◽

Frank J. Stewart ◽

Osvaldo Ulloa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Biogeochemical Cycling ◽

Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽

Nitrite Oxidation ◽

Tight Coupling ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Aerobic Processes ◽

Oxygen Cycling

Oxygen availability drives changes in microbial diversity and biogeochemical cycling between the aerobic surface layer and the anaerobic core in nitrite-rich anoxic marine zones (AMZs), which constitute huge oxygen-depleted regions in the tropical oceans. The current paradigm is that primary production and nitrification within the oxic surface layer fuel anaerobic processes in the anoxic core of AMZs, where 30–50% of global marine nitrogen loss takes place. Here we demonstrate that oxygenic photosynthesis in the secondary chlorophyll maximum (SCM) releases significant amounts of O2to the otherwise anoxic environment. The SCM, commonly found within AMZs, was dominated by the picocyanobacteriaProchlorococcusspp. Free O2levels in this layer were, however, undetectable by conventional techniques, reflecting a tight coupling between O2production and consumption by aerobic processes under apparent anoxic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of the microbial community in the seemingly anoxic SCM revealed the enhanced expression of genes for aerobic processes, such as nitrite oxidation. The rates of gross O2production and carbon fixation in the SCM were found to be similar to those reported for nitrite oxidation, as well as for anaerobic dissimilatory nitrate reduction and sulfate reduction, suggesting a significant effect of local oxygenic photosynthesis on Pacific AMZ biogeochemical cycling.

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Quantum Efficiency and Photosynthetic Production of a Temperate Turf Algal Community

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt96013 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Grant Westphalen ◽

Anthony C. Cheshire

Keyword(s):

Quantum Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Algal Community ◽

Specific Productivity ◽

Fixation Rate ◽

Photosynthetic Production ◽

Photosynthesis And Respiration

A preliminary investigation of the production and photosynthetic efficiency of a temperate, sub-tidal, turf algal community using in situ measurements of photosynthesis and respiration is reported. Results indicated that temperate turfs have high biomass specific productivity, but are less productive on an areal basis than either the surrounding macro-algal community or their tropical counterparts. Net 24 h production ranges between 12 and 78 mmol O2 m-2 d-1 (corresponding to a carbon fixation rate of 0.1–0.9 g C m-2 d-1). Inefficient use of the available substrata, due to the early successional nature of these communities, is considered to be the cause of this low productivity. A quantum efficiency of 0.034 µmol O2 µmol photons-1 and a sub-saturating light itensity of 134–210 µmol photons m-2 s-1 indicate that photosynthetic saturation was easily achieved and suggests that self-shading in the turf community was not significant.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Banana (Musa acuminate L.) in Response to Low-Potassium Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9040169 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Min Xu ◽

Can-Bin Zeng ◽

Rui He ◽

Zhen Yan ◽

Zhao Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

K Deficiency ◽

Banana Leaves ◽

Gene Functional Classification ◽

Low K

Potassium (K+) is an abundant and important macronutrient for plants. It plays crucial roles in many growth and developmental processes, and growth is inhibited under low −K+ conditions. The molecular mechanisms operating under K+ starvation have been little reported in banana, which is a non-model plant. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) in response to low −K+ stress. The phenotypic traits and transcriptomic profiles of banana leaves and roots were compared between low −K+ (LK) and normal −K+ (NK) groups. The phenotypic parameters for the LK group, including fresh and dry weight, were lower than those for the NK group, which suggested that low −K+ stress may inhibit some important metabolic and biosynthetic processes. K+ content and biomass were both decreased in the LK group compared to the NK group. Following ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq), a total of 26,796 expressed genes were detected in normal −K+ leaves (NKL), 27,014 were detected in low −K+ leaves (LKL), 29,158 were detected in normal −K+ roots (NKR), and 28,748 were detected in low −K+ roots (LKR). There were 797 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 386 down-regulated DEGs in NKL versus LKL, while there were 1917 up-regulated DEGs and 2830 down-regulated DEGs in NKR versus LKR. This suggested that the roots were more sensitive to low −K+ stress than the leaves. DEGs related to K+ transport and uptake were analyzed in detail. Gene functional classification showed that the expression of genes regarding ABC transporters, protein kinases, transcription factors, and ion transporters were also detected, and may play important roles during K+ deficiency.

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THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTION AS APPLIED TO LEPROSY

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.38.2.219 ◽

1923 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 219-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul A. Lewis ◽

Joseph D. Aronson

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Antibody Absorption ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Fixation Reaction ◽

Fast Group

By means of a method differing in important details from those of previous investigators it has been determined that the blood serum of cases of leprosy exhibits the ability to fix complement with a wide variety of antigens including to a greater or less extent those derived from any culture of the acid-fast group of bacteria available to us. This property of multiple fixation may sufficiently characterize the disease to be of diagnostic significance, although our experience is hardly sufficient to enable us to speak with complete assurance on this point. Certainly, control sera from normal individuals, from cases of tuberculosis, or from cases of syphilis as obtained in our locality have entirely failed to react with certain antigens, whereas serum from cases of leprosy have so reacted to the extent of over 93 per cent. The most characteristic fixation given by the leprosy sera is that with Bacillus lepræ (Clegg) used as antigen, either in the form of a bacterial emulsion or of an alcoholic extract of the dried culture. Antibody absorption may be demonstrated in the acid-fast group if the absorbing bacteria are removed by filtration. Otherwise the resulting fluid is strongly anticomplementary. Leper serum is not deprived of the complement-fixing body when so treated with either Bacillus tuberculosis or Bacillus lepræ (Clegg).

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Transcriptome analysis of diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10204

Author(s):

Wen Bian ◽

Xiaozhen Liu ◽

Zhiming Zhang ◽

Hanyao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Populus Tomentosa ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Young Tree ◽

Mapk Signalling Pathway ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽

Triploid Populus Tomentosa

Triploid Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr., Salicaceae) has stronger advantages in growth and better stress resistance and wood quality than diploid P. tomentosa. Using transcriptome sequencing technology to identify candidate transcriptome-based markers for growth vigor in young tree tissue is of great significance for the breeding of P. tomentosa varieties in the future. In this study, the cuttings of diploid and triploid P. tomentosa were used as plant materials, transcriptome sequencing was carried out, and their tissue culture materials were used for RT-qPCR verification of the expression of genes. The results showed that 12,240 differentially expressed genes in diploid and triploid P. tomentosa transcripts were annotated and enriched into 135 metabolic pathways. The top six pathways that enriched the most significantly different genes were plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signalling pathway-plant, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the betalain biosynthesis pathway. Ten growth-related genes were selected from pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms for RT-qPCR verification. The expression levels of MDH and CYCD3 in tissue-cultured and greenhouse planted triploid P. tomentosa were higher than those in tissue-cultured diploid P. tomentosa, which was consist ent with the TMM values calculated by transcriptome.

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Early Response of Radish to Heat Stress by Strand-Specific Transcriptome and miRNA Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3321 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhuang Yang ◽

Wen Li ◽

Xiao Su ◽

Pingfei Ge ◽

Yan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Early Response ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Physiological Parameter ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Sequencing Technology

Radish is a crucial vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family with many varieties and large cultivated area in China. Radish is a cool season crop, and there are only a few heat tolerant radish varieties in practical production with little information concerning the related genes in response to heat stress. In this work, some physiological parameter changes of young leaves under short-term heat stress were detected. Furthermore, we acquired 1802 differentially expressed mRNAs (including encoding some heat shock proteins, heat shock factor and heat shock-related transcription factors), 169 differentially expressed lncRNAs and three differentially expressed circRNAs (novel_circ_0000265, novel_circ_0000325 and novel_circ_0000315) through strand-specific RNA sequencing technology. We also found 10 differentially expressed miRNAs (ath-miR159b-3p, athmiR159c, ath-miR398a-3p, athmiR398b-3p, ath-miR165a-5p, ath-miR169g-3p, novel_86, novel_107, novel_21 and ath-miR171b-3p) by small RNA sequencing technology. Through function prediction and enrichment analysis, our results suggested that the significantly possible pathways/complexes related to heat stress in radish leaves were circadian rhythm-plant, photosynthesis—antenna proteins, photosynthesis, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, arginine and proline metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisome and plant hormone signal transduction. Besides, we identified one lncRNA–miRNA–mRNAs combination responsive to heat stress. These results will be helpful for further illustration of molecular regulation networks of how radish responds to heat stress.

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Fruit and Seed Biometrics and Influence on Germination of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit)

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v41i630422 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Uilian do Nascimento Barbosa ◽

Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano Marangon ◽

Isabelle Maria Jacqueline Meunier ◽

Luiz Carlos Marangon ◽

Anderson Oliveira De Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Field Observations ◽

Germination Test ◽

Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽

Length Width ◽

Measured Length ◽

Digital Caliper ◽

Number Of Seeds

This work aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and to verify its influence on germination. The fruits were collected from the matrices trees in the Jardim Botânico do Recife (JBR), Pernambuco. From 10 pathogen-free A. heterophyllus matrices, 50 fruits (multiple fruits, which in the research were considered as single fruit) and 500 seeds were collected, being measured length, width and thickness, using a tape measure (for fruits ) and digital caliper (precision 0.001 mm) for the seeds, as well as weighing on a precision scale. The seeds were classified by size: Small (≤ 2.5 cm), medium (2.6 to 3 cm) and large (≥ 3.1 cm). The germination test was conducted in a greenhouse of the JBR, with a 50% shading screen. The container used was a 50 x 25 x 5 cm polypropylene tray with holes at the bottom to provide drainage. The obtained results allow inferring that the seed size did not influence the vigor on A. heterophyllus germination in a greenhouse. The variation found in fruit size and number of seeds per fruit, as well as field observations regarding fruit and seed morphology, pulp flavor and consistency, allows us to infer that there is a possibility of several varieties of the species occurring in the studied site.

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Combined linkage and association mapping of putative QTLs controlling black tea quality and drought tolerance traits

10.1101/458596 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert. K. Koech ◽

Richard Mose ◽

Samson M. Kamunya ◽

Zeno Apostolides

Keyword(s):

Association Mapping ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Black Tea ◽

Interval Mapping ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Putative Qtls ◽

Tea Quality ◽

Population Structure Analysis

AbstractThe advancements in genotyping have opened new approaches for identification and precise mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) in plants, particularly by combining linkage and association mapping (AM) analysis. In this study, a combination of linkage and the AM approach was used to identify and authenticate putative QTLs associated with black tea quality traits and percent relative water content (%RWC). The population structure analysis clustered two parents and their respective 261 F1 progenies from the two reciprocal crosses into two clusters with 141 tea accessions in cluster one and 122 tea accessions in cluster two. The two clusters were of mixed origin with tea accessions in population TRFK St. 504 clustering together with tea accessions in population TRFK St. 524. A total of 71 putative QTLs linked to black tea quality traits and %RWC were detected in interval mapping (IM) method and were used as cofactors in multiple QTL model (MQM) mapping where 46 putative QTLs were detected. The phenotypic variance for each QTL ranged from 2.8–23.3% in IM and 4.1–23% in MQM mapping. Using Q-model and Q+K-model in AM, a total of 49 DArTseq markers were associated with 16 phenotypic traits. Significant marker-trait association in AM were similar to those obtained in IM, and MQM mapping except for six more putative QTLs detected in AM which are involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon fixation and abiotic stress. The combined linkage and AM approach appears to have great potential to improve the selection of desirable traits in tea breeding.

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