scholarly journals Gene flux and acid-imposed selection are the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelumola Oladeine ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
Maximilian O Press ◽  
Kimberly Cook ◽  
Nelson A Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Food Borne Illness

Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) is one of the prolific serovars causing poultry-associated food-borne illness in the world. Their ability to cause invasive infections and their promiscuity to plasmids that confer multidrug resistance to antibiotics of human health importance makes them a public health threat. Although, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is recognized as the major mechanism used by Salmonella for acquiring antimicrobial resistance (AR) and virulence genes, the biology behind acquisition of new genes in SH is still unknown. In this study, we show that one day old broiler chicks challenged orally or via the cloaca with an antibiotic susceptible SH strain and raised without antibiotics carried susceptible and multidrug resistance SH strains 14 days after challenge. SH infection perturbed the bacterial community of broiler chicks and orally challenged chicks acquired AR at a higher rate than chicks challenged through the cloaca. Furthermore, SH strains lost and gained new genes, while some inverted their chromosome after colonizing the gut of broiler chicks. The acquisition of IncI1 plasmid multilocus sequence type 26 (pST26) from commensal Escherichia coli population present in the gut of broiler chicks conferred multidrug resistance phenotype to SH recipients and carriage of pST26 increased the fitness of SH under acidic selection pressure. Our results suggest that HGT shapes the evolution of AR in SH and that antibiotic use reduction alone is insufficient to limit AR plasmid transfer from commensal bacteria to Salmonella.

scholarly journals Animal and Human Multidrug-Resistant, Cephalosporin-ResistantSalmonella Isolates Expressing a Plasmid-Mediated CMY-2 AmpC β-Lactamase

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2777-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Winokur ◽  
A. Brueggemann ◽  
D. L. DeSalvo ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
M. D. Apley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. In this study, 10 multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant Salmonellaisolates from bovine, porcine, and human sources from a single geographic region were identified. All isolates demonstrated resistance to cephamycins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins as well as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole. Molecular epidemiological analyses revealed eight distinct chromosomal DNA patterns, suggesting that clonal spread could not entirely explain the distribution of this antimicrobial resistance phenotype. However, all isolates encoded an AmpC-like β-lactamase, CMY-2. Eight isolates contained a large nonconjugative plasmid that could transformEscherichia coli. Transformants coexpressed cephalosporin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole resistances. Plasmid DNA revealed highly related restriction fragments though plasmids appeared to have undergone some evolution over time. Multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant Salmonellaspp. present significant therapeutic problems in animal and human health care and raise further questions about the association between antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic use in animals, and transfer of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. between animals and man.

PREVALENCE OF CLASS 1 INTEGRONS IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF NON-TYPHOIDAL $SALMONELLA~ENTERICA$ CIRCULATED IN ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1 (254)) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Magdalina K. Zakharyan
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Class 1

A total of 182 non-typhoid Salmonella enterica (NTS) isolates recovered from patients between 1996 and 2014 were included in the current study focused on class 1 integron detection and its association with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. A high prevalence of isolates displaying MDR and penta-resistance (resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline) phenotypes of clinical significance was revealed. Serotype-specific prevalence of antimicrobial resistance as well as class 1 integrons and inserted variable segments was detected in isolates. The results indicated the limitations of current antimicrobial therapy to control infections caused by MDR isolates of NTS, especially belonging to serotype Typhimurium.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Determinants in European Salmonella Genomic Island 1-Positive Salmonella enterica Isolates from Different Origins

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5655-5664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Beutlich ◽  
Silke Jahn ◽  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Elisabeth Hauser ◽  
Stephan Hühn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strain Collection

ABSTRACTSalmonellagenomic island 1 (SGI1) contains a multidrug resistance region conferring the ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance phenotype encoded byblaPSE-1,floR,aadA2,sul1, andtet(G). Its increasing spread via interbacterial transfer and the emergence of new variants are important public health concerns. We investigated the molecular properties of SGI1-carryingSalmonella entericaserovars selected from a European strain collection. A total of 38 strains belonging toS. entericaserovar Agona,S. entericaserovar Albany,S. entericaserovar Derby,S. entericaserovar Kentucky,S. entericaserovar Newport,S. entericaserovar Paratyphi B dT+, andS. entericaserovar Typhimurium, isolated between 2002 and 2006 in eight European countries from humans, animals, and food, were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing methods (XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], plasmid analysis, and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis [MLVA]), as well as detection of resistance and virulence determinants (PCR/sequencing and DNA microarray analysis). Typing experiments revealed wide heterogeneity inside the strain collection and even within serovars. PFGE analysis distinguished a total of 26 different patterns. In contrast, the characterization of the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance revealed serovar-specific features. Apart from the classical SGI1 organization found in 61% of the strains, seven different variants were identified with antimicrobial resistance properties associated with SGI1-A (S. Derby), SGI1-C (S. Derby), SGI1-F (S. Albany), SGI1-L (S. Newport), SGI1-K (S. Kentucky), SGI1-M (S.Typhimurium), and, eventually, a novel variant similar to SGI1-C with additional gentamicin resistance encoded byaadB. Only minor serovar-specific differences among virulence patterns were detected. In conclusion, the SGI1 carriers exhibited pathogenetic backgrounds comparable to the ones published for susceptible isolates. However, because of their multidrug resistance, they may be more relevant in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2567-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Tadesse ◽  
Aparna Singh ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
Mary Bartholomew ◽  
Niketta Womack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S

ABSTRACTWe conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinicalSalmonellastrains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common inSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show howSalmonellaevolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Genomic Comparisons of Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin, Agona, and Typhimurium Strains Recently Isolated from Milk Filters and Bovine Samples from Ireland, Using a Salmonella Microarray

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1616-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Reen ◽  
E. F. Boyd ◽  
S. Porwollik ◽  
B. P. Murphy ◽  
D. Gilroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Dublin

ABSTRACT Salmonella-induced enterocolitis is the leading food-borne illness with a lethal outcome and causes millions of cases of gastroenteritis each year. We examined genomic variation among 12 environmental, veterinary, and clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, Agona, and Typhimurium strains isolated in Ireland between 2000 and 2003, as well as two clinical isolates from Canada and four archival isolates, which belonged to serovars Dublin and Agona. Using DNA-DNA hybridization to a microarray consisting of most of the predicted protein-encoding sequences of the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 genome, we identified a number of genomic regions that were absent in one or more serovars. The 34 genomic regions encoded proteins involved in sugar metabolism, transport, fimbrial and phage biogenesis, and transcriptional regulation, as well as inner and outer membrane-associated proteins. Two of the four prophages identified in strain LT2, prophages Gifsy-1 and Gifsy-2, were present in all six serovar Typhimurium strains examined. Prophage Fels-1 was absent from all 18 isolates examined, and Fels-2 was completely absent from the serovar Typhimurium isolates and the Salmonella Reference Collection B serovar Dublin strain Du2. All five Salmonella pathogenicity islands were present in all isolates. Plasmid pSLT was absent from all serovar Agona isolates, and only homologues of the spv genes were present in eight of the nine serovar Dublin strains. Only limited intraserovar diversity was found among the nine serovar Dublin, three serovar Agona, and six serovar Typhimurium isolates examined even though these isolates had extensive geographic, temporal, and source differences.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Supplementation of Caprylic Acid in Feed Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chicks

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 4564-4566 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Solis de los Santos ◽  
A. M. Donoghue ◽  
K. Venkitanarayanan ◽  
I. Reyes-Herrera ◽  
J. H. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness

ABSTRACT Poultry colonized with Campylobacter species are a significant source of human food-borne illness. The therapeutic use of the medium chain fatty acid caprylic acid consistently reduced enteric C. jejuni colonization in chicks by 3 to 4 logs in three separate trials. These results support caprylic acid's potential to reduce Campylobacter carriage in poultry.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 5685-5691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeri D. Barak ◽  
Lisa Gorski ◽  
Pejman Naraghi-Arani ◽  
Amy O. Charkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
Transposon Mutants ◽  
Alfalfa Sprouts ◽  
Reduced Adherence

ABSTRACT Numerous Salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen. In order to understand the physiology of S. enterica serovar Newport on plants, a screen was developed to identify transposon mutants that were defective in attachment to alfalfa sprouts. Twenty independent mutants from a pool of 6,000 were selected for reduced adherence to alfalfa sprouts. Sixty-five percentage of these mutants had insertions in uncharacterized genes. Among the characterized genes were strains with insertions in the intergenic region between agfB, the surface-exposed aggregative fimbria (curli) nucleator, and agfD, a transcriptional regulator of the LuxR superfamily, and rpoS, the stationary-phase sigma factor. Both AgfD and RpoS have been reported to regulate curli and cellulose production and RpoS regulates other adhesins such as pili. The intergenic and rpoS mutants were reduced in initial attachment to alfalfa sprouts by 1 log unit compared to the wild type. Mutations of agfA, curli subunit, and agfB in S. enterica serovar Enteritidis differentially affected attachment to plant tissue. The agfA mutation was not reduced in ability to attach to or colonize alfalfa sprouts, whereas the agfB mutation was reduced. Thus, agfB alone can play a role in attachment of S. enterica to plant tissue. These results reveal that S. enterica genes important for virulence in animal systems are also required for colonization of plants, a secondary host that can serve as a vector of S. enterica from animal to animal.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Comparative and Pathogenicity Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Rissen

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2159-2170
Author(s):  
Aiping Zhou ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Jinjing Ni ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Swine Herds

Salmonella are a type of bacteria known to cause food-borne illness. Their host range varies widely, and their susceptibility to the host determines its pathogenicity. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) is a widely distributed serotype; however, its virulence and pathogenicity are poorly understood. In this study, the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of a representative S. Rissen isolate were investigated. The cell model results showed that S. Rissen preferred to replicate in human macrophage cells U937 compared to murine macrophage cells RAW264.7, suggesting that it has a level of host adaptability. Genome sequencing and comparison analysis revealed that the distribution and nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of virulence factors in S. Rissen were similar to those in S. Typhi rather than to those in S. Typhimurium. Taken together, our results suggest that although S. Rissen is a common serotype distributed in swine herds, pork and chicken products, it has strong ability to infect humans.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics and Predisposing Factors for Surgical Site Infections Caused by Bacterial Pathogens Exhibiting Multidrug-Resistant Patterns

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Hussein Ali Mohamud ◽  
Ebubekir Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Surgical site infection is the most common kind of nosocomial infection in developed and developing countries. Objectives: Our aim was to identify the prevalence of factors predisposing to multidrug resistance and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens. Method: This retrospective study enrolled 10,878 patients who underwent operations in 2018–2020. Pathogens were identified using eosin methylene blue agar. Mueller–Hinton agar was used to assess antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. In total, 382 patients with confirmed surgical site infection (SSI), whose culture showed growth, were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of SSI in the current study was 3.5%. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (35.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.8%). Antibiotic use, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and emergency operations were found to increase the likelihood of multidrug resistance (OR = 6.23, CI = 1.443–26.881, p = 0.014; OR = 5.67, CI = 1.837–19.64, p = 0.02; OR = 2.54, CI = 1.46–7.35, p = 0.03; OR = 1.885, CI = 1.067–3.332, p = 0.002, respectively). The pathogens showed different levels of antimicrobial resistance against ceftriaxone (72.7%), ciprofloxacin (46.6%), and gentamicin (34%). Antimicrobial resistance of about 1–3.4% was exhibited by linezolid, tigecycline, and teicoplanin. Conclusion: The study presented significantly increased multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae pathogens isolated from surgical sites. They involve significant morbidity and mortality rates and increased health-related costs.

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