scholarly journals Causal associations between fatty acid measures and schizophrenia - a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J Jones ◽  
Maria Carolina Borges ◽  
Rebecca Carnegie ◽  
David Mongan ◽  
Peter J Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Objective: Although studies suggest that erythrocyte concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are lower in individuals with schizophrenia, evidence of beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is limited. This study therefore aimed to determine whether omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels are causally related to schizophrenia. Methods: Causality was evaluated using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method using fatty acid levels and schizophrenia genome-wide association study results. Weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger regression methods were used as sensitivity analyses. To address the mechanism, analyses were performed using instruments within the FADS and ELOVL2 genes. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was used to estimate direct effects of omega-3 fatty acids on schizophrenia, independent of omega-6 fatty acids, lipoproteins and triglycerides. Results: MR analyses indicated that long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels were associated with lower risk of schizophrenia (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] ORIVW: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.92). In contrast, short-chain fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia (alpha-linolenic acid ORIVW: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.98-1.18). Causal effects were consistent across sensitivity and FADS single-SNP analyses. MVMR indicated that the protective effect of DHA on schizophrenia persisted after conditioning on other lipids (ORIVW: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-1.01). Conclusions: Results are consistent with protective effects of long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on schizophrenia suggesting that people with schizophrenia may have difficulty converting short-chain to long-chain PUFAs. Long-chain PUFA supplementation or diet enrichment, particularly in higher risk individuals, might help prevent onset of disorder.

From Homicide to Happiness – A Commentary on Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Human Society

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Hibbeln
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Omega 6

The field of omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies as reversible risk factors in major psychiatric disorders has flourished in the last decade. Treatment recommendations of the American Psychiatric Association may be considered for application to more normative states of psychiatric health. Considered here is the proposition that an increased risk of personality disorders, and an increased sense of despair in normative populations, might be considered as symptoms of deficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids. The major changes in the essential fatty acid composition of the food supply, including increased availability of the omega-6 linoleic acid, may be correlated not only with increased risks of homicide, but also increased risks of suicide and suboptimal social cohesion.

Supplementation of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases plasma DHA concentration and may increase trot stride lengths in horses

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Woodward ◽  
B D Nielsen ◽  
C I O'Connor ◽  
C D Skelly ◽  
S K Webel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractTwelve mature and six 2-year-old Arabian horses were used to determine the effect of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma fatty acids and lameness. Lameness scores and stride lengths were measured on day 0. Horses were striated and pair-matched according to age, gender, stride length and, for mature horses, lameness score, and each horse was fed either a treatment diet containing 5.95 g of stabilized omega-3 fatty acids plus a fat carrier (FA), for a total of 19.4 g fat, or a control diet containing 49 g of corn oil (CO) for 75 days. Horses were exercised 5 d week− 1, and blood samples were drawn and body weights recorded on days 0, 25, 50 and 75. Lameness scores and stride lengths were recorded again on day 75. Total plasma omega-3 fatty acid concentrations were higher on all days in FA horses than in CO horses. Total plasma omega-6 fatty acids increased from days 0 to 25, remained elevated through day 50 and returned to baseline on day 75 in all horses. The ratio of plasma omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids was lower in FA horses. Horses on FA had increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on days 25, 50 and 75. No difference in walk stride length was noted; however, FA horses tended to have a longer trot stride after supplementation when compared with CO horses. No differences were seen in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite or tumour necrosis factor-α as measured in blood serum. In summary, supplementing omega-3 fatty acids increases plasma DHA, although there was no overall increase in omega-3 in FA horses. While a trend to increase trot stride length was seen, no differences in lameness scores between treatments were noted.

scholarly journals Pre-pregnancy Dietary Intake of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 709-709
Author(s):  
Mariel Arvizu ◽  
Lidia Minguez-Alarcon ◽  
Jennifer Stuart ◽  
Makiko Mitsunami ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Objectives To evaluate whether pre-pregnancy intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids prevent HDP. Methods We followed 11,535 women from the Nurses' Health Study-II free of chronic disease that filled out food frequency questionnaires starting in 1991 before their 16,892 singleton pregnancies. Intakes of omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid[ALA] + long-chain omega-3 [LCN-3]) and omega-6 (linoleic acid [LA] + arachidonic acid[ARA]). In 2009, participants reported history of preeclampsia and GHTN. The relative risk (95%CI) of HDP across quintiles of intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 were estimated by log-binomial regression model using generalized estimating equation to account for repeated pregnancies from the same woman and adjusted for age at pregnancy, year of pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy: BMI, physical activity, smoking, infertility diagnosis, marital status, race, parity, multivitamin use, concurrent gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia at baseline. Results During 18 years of follow-up, there were 495 pregnancies with preeclampsia (2.9%) and 561 pregnancies (3.3%) with GHTN. Mean (SD) age at pregnancy was 34.6 (3.9) years. Intakes of total omega-6 and total omega-3 fatty acids before pregnancy were unrelated with the risk of either HDP. From individual omega subtypes, only ARA had a marginally significant relation to higher risk of GHTN. Women in the highest quintile of ARA had 43% increased risk of GHTN (CI: 1.00–2.04) compared to women in the lowest quintile of intake. Intakes of the remaining subtypes, LA, LCN-3, and ALA were not associated to HDP risk. When we restricted the analysis to a closer window of exposure among 5,208 women with diet assessment one year before pregnancy, only intakes of LCN-3 (RR = 0.55, CI:0.33–0.91) and LA (RR = 0.54, CI: 0.29,0.99) were associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia, comparing women in the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake. Conclusions Dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid and linoleic acid one year before pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia. The extent to which long-chain omega-3 prevents preeclampsia may be more relevant in a window of exposure closer to pregnancy. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health grants U01-HL145386–01, UM1-CA176726, P30-DK046200, and R00ES026648.

scholarly journals Original Research: Effect of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile in duck liver: Efficient conversion of short-chain to long-chain omega-3 fatty acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xue Du ◽  
Jianliang Shen ◽  
Lizhi Lu ◽  
Weiqun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, have been associated with potential health benefits for chronic disease prevention. Our previous studies found that dietary omega-3 fatty acids could accumulate in the meat and eggs in a duck model. This study was to reveal the effects of various dietary fats on fatty acid profile and conversion of omega-3 fatty acids in duck liver. Female Shan Partridge Ducks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. The experimental diets substituted the basal diet by 2% of flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, beef tallow, or fish oil, respectively. In addition, a dose response study was further conducted for flaxseed and fish oil diets at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. At the end of the five-week treatment, fatty acids were extracted from the liver samples and analyzed by GC-FID. As expected, the total omega-3 fatty acids and the ratio of total omega-3/omega-6 significantly increased in both flaxseed and fish oil groups when compared with the control diet. No significant change of total saturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids was found in both rapeseed and beef tallow groups. The dose response study further indicated that 59–81% of the short-chain omega-3 ALA in flaxseed oil-fed group was efficiently converted to long-chain DHA in the duck liver, whereas 1% of dietary flaxseed oil could produce an equivalent level of DHA as 0.5% of dietary fish oil. The more omega-3 fatty acids, the less omega-6 fatty acids in the duck liver. Taken together, this study showed the fatty acid profiling in the duck liver after various dietary fat consumption, provided insight into a dose response change of omega-3 fatty acids, indicated an efficient conversion of short- to long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, and suggested alternative long-chain omega-3 fatty acid-enriched duck products for human health benefits.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

scholarly journals Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Rabbania Hiksas ◽  
Aprilia Asthasari Siregar ◽  
Yudianto Budi Saroyo ◽  
Noroyono Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractLong-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCPUFA) is essential throughout pregnancy, since deficiency of LPUFA may linked to obstetrical complications. This study aimed to investigate LCPUFA status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth. A cross sectional study was conducted in 104 pregnant women, which divided into normal pregnancy, severe preeclampsia and preterm birth groups. Serum percentage and concentration of total LCPUFA, omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-6, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Severe preeclampsia showed the highest concentration of total PUFA and the lowest DHA percentage, with significantly higher Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio (p = 0.004) and lower omega-3 index (p < 0.002) compared to control. Preterm birth showed the least omega-3 concentrations, with significantly low omega-6 derivates (LA (p = 0.014) and AA (p = 0.025)) compared to control. LCPUFA parameters have shown to increase the risk in both conditions, particularly ALA ≤ 53 µmol/L in preeclampsia with OR 5.44, 95%CI 1.16–25.42 and preterm birth with OR 4.68, 95%CI 1.52–14.38. These findings suggest that severe preeclampsia and preterm birth have an imbalance in LCPUFA status.

Jumping on the Omega-3 Bandwagon: Distinguishing the Role of Long-Chain and Short-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni M. Turchini ◽  
Peter D. Nichols ◽  
Colin Barrow ◽  
Andrew J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The Fatty Acid Profile in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: Why It Could Be Unsuspected

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castro-Correia ◽  
S. Sousa ◽  
S. Norberto ◽  
C. Matos ◽  
V. F. Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Context. Several studies have shown a link between proinflammatory activity and the presence or deficit of some fatty acids. Inflammation is associated with several diseases including diabetes.Objective. To characterize and compare the fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural type 1 diabetes, diabetic children (at least 1 year after diagnosis), and healthy children.Design. Plasma fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural diabetes, children with noninaugural diabetes, and controls, all of whom were prepubescent with a BMI < 85th percentile, were evaluated.Results. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were higher in recently diagnosed subjects with diabetes than in controls. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids was higher in the control population. Omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetic subjects than in the children with recently diagnosed diabetes, and the levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetes group compared to the control group.Conclusion. Our findings showed higher levels of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA, as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in diabetic children. These findings reinforce the importance of precocious nutritional attention and intervention in the treatment of diabetic children.

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