The Fatty Acid Profile in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: Why It Could Be Unsuspected

Context. Several studies have shown a link between proinflammatory activity and the presence or deficit of some fatty acids. Inflammation is associated with several diseases including diabetes.Objective. To characterize and compare the fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural type 1 diabetes, diabetic children (at least 1 year after diagnosis), and healthy children.Design. Plasma fatty acids profiles in children with inaugural diabetes, children with noninaugural diabetes, and controls, all of whom were prepubescent with a BMI < 85th percentile, were evaluated.Results. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were higher in recently diagnosed subjects with diabetes than in controls. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids was higher in the control population. Omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetic subjects than in the children with recently diagnosed diabetes, and the levels were higher in the nonrecent diabetes group compared to the control group.Conclusion. Our findings showed higher levels of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA, as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in diabetic children. These findings reinforce the importance of precocious nutritional attention and intervention in the treatment of diabetic children.

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Role of blood plasma fatty acids in pathogenesis of stable anginapectoris

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2007-4-41-45 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

V. V. Novitsky ◽

R. S. Karpov ◽

S. V. Klimenkov ◽

A. B. Salmina ◽

M. Yu. Kotlovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Men And Women ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Functional Classes

In men and women suffering from stable angina pectoris of 1-2 functional classes and aged from 35 to 69 years old, decrease of C 23:0 and increase of C 18:1(11) fatty acids was observed regardless of sex, the content of the rest fatty acids changed depending on patients sex. Correlation was found that metabolism of fatty acids in this pathology group depends on patients sex: men in the control group showed decrease in the sum of omega-3 fatty acids as well as in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio, while women showed decrease of omega-6 fatty acids at the constant sum of omega-3 fatty acids. Regardless of sex, the presence of this pathology is accompanied with decrease in correlations between fatty acids, as the number of correlations between saturated fatty acids increases and the number of correlations between not saturated and saturated fatty aсids decreases. Change in correlations between not saturated fatty acids depends on sex. In the number of patients having supernormal fatty acid contents, no pronounced differences were found between men and women.

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Fatty Acid Contents and Stability of Oyster Nut Oil (Telfairia pedata) Compared to Flaxseed and Sunflower Oil

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2021/9985910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Emmanuel Mwakasege ◽

Anna Treydte ◽

Otmar Hoeglinger ◽

Neema Kassim ◽

Edna Makule

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Good Health ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Keeping Quality ◽

Omega 6

The selection of healthy fats for consumption is important. Linoleic acid (LA) (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (omega-3) are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids required for the maintenance of good health; however, LA derivatives such as arachidonic acid (AA) are associated with the onset of inflammatory diseases, and both are prone to oxidation and deterioration. This study compared the fatty acid contents, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), and free fatty acids (FFA) of the oyster nut oil with refined sunflower, nonrefined sunflower, and flaxseed oil stored at 27°C for 40 days. Flaxseed oil had significantly high ALA content (59.8%) compared to 0.1-0.5% for oyster nut and sunflower oil brands. The LA content was high in sunflower brands (50.3-52.8%) compared to the oyster nut (48%) and flaxseed oil 14.7%. Oleic acid was lower in oyster nut oil (8.6%) and flaxseed oil 15.8% compared to sunflower brands (35.7-38.2%). As a consequence, oyster nut and flaxseed recorded higher PV of 4.35-2.88 mEq O2/kg and FFA 0.26-0.47% compared to sunflower brands. The p-AV recorded small values which were not significantly different in all samples. Although oyster nut is widely consumed by pregnant and lactating women across Africa, its keeping quality in nonrefined form is low compared to flaxseed and sunflower oil as shown in this study. Hence, the fatty acid contents in oyster nuts should be consumed in other alternative forms such as flour and roasted kernels rather than its oil when in nonrefined form. This study will enable the consumption balance of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids and the keeping quality of oils which is key to health.

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EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.4.1.31-39 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Siwitri Kadarsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords :

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Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3122

Author(s):

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Bae-Hun Lee ◽

Ji-Yung Kim ◽

Kyung-Il Sung ◽

Hong-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Mountainous Areas ◽

Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

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139 Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Nutrient-gene interactions in humans and animals

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

Artemis P Simopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Genetic Variant ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Human Beings ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

Abstract Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids to which their genes were programmed to respond. Studies on gene-nutrient interactions using methods from molecular biology and genetics have clearly shown that there are genetic differences in the population, as well as differences in the frequency of genetic variations that interact with diet and influence the growth and development of humans and animals, as well as overall health and chronic disease. Nutrigenetics refers to studies on the role of genetic variants and their response to diet. For example, persons with genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have different levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) based on the type of genetic variant in the Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2). At the same level of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) a person with a genetic variant that increases the activity of the FADS1 will have a higher AA in the red cell membrane phospholipids and a higher risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease. Nutrigenomics refers to how nutrients (diets) influence the expression of genes. For example, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA decrease the expression of inflammatory genes and as a result decrease the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thus, through studies on Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics nutritional science stands at its “golden threshold” where personalized nutrition is the future, to improve an individual’s health.

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Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid induces fat loss in C. elegans in an omega-3-independent manner by promoting peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo01625e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1621-1637 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David Navarro-Herrera ◽

Paula Aranaz ◽

Laura Eder-Azanza ◽

María Zabala ◽

Cristina Hurtado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽

Independent Manner ◽

C Elegans ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Peroxisomal Fatty Acid

Omega-6 fatty acids might induce beneficial effects on body fat-content and metabolism.

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FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Capsicum GENUS PEPPERS

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542015000400008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 372-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gisele Teixeira de Souza Sora ◽

Aloisio Henrique Pereira Souza ◽

Acácio Antônio Ferreira Zielinski ◽

Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ◽

Makoto Matsushita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Habanero Pepper ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Genus Capsicum

Fatty acids have a great metabolic and structural importance. Evaluation of fatty acid composition of peppers is still incomplete. Pulps and seeds from six varieties of the genus Capsicum were evaluated in this work with respect to their contents in fatty acids. A total of 25 different fatty acids, including some with odd number of carbons were identified in the samples. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids. The polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios for all peppers were high due to the elevated amounts of polyunsaturated acids, particularly linoleic acid. In the pulps, the omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 1.28 to 4.33, were relatively adequate if one considers that ratios between 0.25 and 1.0 in the human diet are regarded as highly appropriate. In the seeds, the levels of omega-3 were very low whereas the levels of omega-6 were high, leading to very inadequate omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 74.2 to 279.6. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 93.49% of the total variance of the data. Considering the PUFA/SFA ratio and omega-6/omega-3 ratio, our data suggest that, among the peppers of the genus Capsicum evaluated in this work, the bell pepper and orange habanero pepper present the best nutritional characteristics concerning fatty acid composition.

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The Use of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed on EPA and DHA Contents

Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health ◽

10.20473/jafh.v9i3.18038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽

Agustono Agustono ◽

Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Penaeid Shrimp ◽

The Body ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Omega 6

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.

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Monohydroxylated fatty acid substrate specificity of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and ω-hydroxylase

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2560879 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 256 (3) ◽

pp. 879-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M Guichardant ◽

M Lagarde

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Substrate Specificity ◽

Calcium Ionophore ◽

Hydroxy Derivative ◽

Ionophore A23187 ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Bonds ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

Various monohydroxylated fatty acids were synthesized from eicosapolyenoic acids, namely arachidonic (20:4 omega-6), timnodonic (20:5 omega-3), dihomogammalinolenic (20:3 omega-6) and mead (20:3 omega-9) acids. 12-Hydroxy derivatives, as well as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), were produced with platelets as the enzyme source, and 15-hydroxy derivatives were produced by soya bean lipoxygenase treatment. Each monohydroxylated fatty acid was incubated with human leukocytes in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, and dihydroxylated products were analysed by h.p.l.c. 12-Hydroxy derivatives of 20:4 omega-6, 20:5 omega-3 and 20:3 omega-9 were similarly oxygenated by both the 5-lipoxygenase and the omega-hydroxylase. As expected, the 12-hydroxy derivative of 20:3 omega-6 was not a substrate for 5-lipoxygenase, but surprisingly, omega-6 oxygenated products, like 15-OH-20:4 or HHT, were not converted by the enzyme, although being potential substrates because of the presence of two double bonds at C-5 and C-8. omega-6 oxygenated derivatives were also poorly converted by leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme. It is concluded that both leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and omega-hydroxylase exhibit a substrate specificity towards monohydroxylated fatty acids with respect to their double bonds and/or the carbon position of the alcohol function.

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