scholarly journals Noise Effect on the Temporal Patterns of Neural Synchrony

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Zirkle ◽  
Leonid L Rubchinsky
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
List Type ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Sufficient Intensity

AbstractNeural synchrony in the brain is often present in an intermittent fashion, i.e., there are intervals of synchronized activity interspersed with intervals of desynchronized activity. A series of experimental studies showed that this kind of temporal patterning of neural synchronization may be very specific and may be correlated with behavior (even if the average synchrony strength is not changed). Prior studies showed that a network with many short desynchronized intervals may be functionally different from a network with few long desynchronized intervals as it may be more sensitive to synchronizing input signals. In this study, we investigated the effect of channel noise on the temporal patterns of neural synchronization. We employed a small network of conductance-based model neurons that were mutually connected via excitatory synapses. The resulting dynamics of the network was studied using the same time-series analysis methods as used in prior experimental and computational studies. While it is well known that synchrony strength generally degrades with noise, we found that noise also affects the temporal patterning of synchrony. Noise, at a sufficient intensity (yet too weak to substantially affect synchrony strength), promotes dynamics with predominantly short (although potentially very numerous) desynchronizations. Thus, channel noise may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the short desynchronization dynamics observed in multiple experimental studies.HighlightsChannel noise alters the temporal pattern of intermittent neural synchronyNoise may alter this pattern without significant change in average synchrony strengthThe resulting patterning is similar to that observed in multiple experiments

Cascade control of «smart home» heating

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Sergey Polyakov ◽  
V. Akimov ◽  
A. Polukazakov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Cascade Control ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Home Heating ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the issues of implementing the conversion of input signals of «smart» sensors for automation of the heating system, an algorithm for calculating the parameters of measuring circuits with a nonlinear element and an operational amplifier is developed. The issues of modeling cascade control of residential building heating systems are investigated. The results of the analysis and selection of parameters of the cascade control system are presented. An algorithm implementing the operation of a virtual object is given. The structures of management of residential building objects are proposed. The method of calculating the adjustment of the controller for cascade control is given. For the heating system stand, the procedure for setting the parameters of the process of PID control of the coolant temperature is considered. The results confirming the achievability of the proposed structural changes are obtained. The results of experimental studies are presented.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Chaotic Jerk Circuit Application for Chaos Shift Keying

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
F. Capligins ◽  
A. Litvinenko ◽  
A. Aboltins ◽  
E. Austrums ◽  
A. Rusins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chaotic Synchronization ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Error Feedback ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chaos Shift Keying ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents a study of the chaotic jerk circuit (CJC) employment capabilities for digital communications. The concept of coherent chaos shift keying (CSK) communication system with controlled error feedback chaotic synchronization is proposed for a specific CJC in two modifications. The stability of chaotic synchronization between the two CJCs was evaluated in terms of voltage drop at the input of the slave circuit and the impact of channel noise using simulations and experimental studies.

scholarly journals Mechanics of cortical folding: stress, growth and stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1759) ◽  
pp. 20170321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Garcia ◽  
C. D. Kroenke ◽  
P. V. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Migration

Cortical folding, or gyrification, coincides with several important developmental processes. The folded shape of the human brain allows the cerebral cortex, the thin outer layer of neurons and their associated projections, to attain a large surface area relative to brain volume. Abnormal cortical folding has been associated with severe neurological, cognitive and behavioural disorders, such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia. However, despite decades of study, the mechanical forces that lead to cortical folding remain incompletely understood. Leading hypotheses have focused on the roles of (i) tangential growth of the outer cortex, (ii) spatio-temporal patterns in the birth and migration of neurons, and (iii) internal tension in axons. Recent experimental studies have illuminated not only the fundamental cellular and molecular processes underlying cortical development, but also the stress state, mechanical properties and spatio-temporal patterns of growth in the developing brain. The combination of mathematical modelling and physical measurements has allowed researchers to evaluate hypothesized mechanisms of folding, to determine whether each is consistent with physical laws. This review summarizes what physical scientists have learned from models and recent experimental observations, in the context of recent neurobiological discoveries regarding cortical development. Here, we highlight evidence of a combined mechanism, in which spatio-temporal patterns bias the locations of primary folds (i), but tangential growth of the cortical plate induces mechanical instability (ii) to propagate primary and higher-order folds. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of development’.

scholarly journals Neural synchrony in mother–child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Hanna Schleihauf ◽  
Ezgi Kayhan ◽  
Daniel Matthes ◽  
Pascal Vrtička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns of caregiver–child conversations have been linked to children’s socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate family environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has been proposed as a neural mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at the temporal dynamics of neural synchrony during mother–child conversation. Preschoolers (20 boys and 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) and their mothers (M age 36.37 years) were tested simultaneously with fNIRS hyperscanning while engaging in a free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural synchrony (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn was coded for conversation patterns comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency and intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that turn-taking, but not relevance, contingency or intrusiveness predicted neural synchronization during the conversation over time. Results are discussed to point out possible variables affecting parent–child conversation quality and the potential functional role of interpersonal neural synchronization for parent–child conversation.

scholarly journals Manipulating the Patterns of Mechanical Forces That Shape Multicellular Tissues

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marisol Herrera-Perez ◽  
Karen E. Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Functional Tissue ◽  
Unstructured Groups

During embryonic development, spatial and temporal patterns of mechanical forces help to transform unstructured groups of cells into complex, functional tissue architectures. Here, we review emerging approaches to manipulate these patterns of forces to investigate the mechanical mechanisms that shape multicellular tissues, with a focus on recent experimental studies of epithelial tissue sheets in the embryo of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals Temporal patterning of neural synchrony in the basal ganglia in Parkinson’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 1743-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivakeshavan Ratnadurai-Giridharan ◽  
S. Elizabeth Zauber ◽  
Robert M. Worth ◽  
Thomas Witt ◽  
Sungwoo Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Temporal Patterning

Pulse Number Discrimination in Tactile Spatio-Temporal Patterns

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene C. Lechelt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Numerosity Discrimination ◽  
Pattern Type ◽  
Number Discrimination ◽  
Spatial Ordering ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal patterning effects on tactile temporal numerosity discrimination were examined. Trains of 4 to 17 mechanical “taps” were delivered successively at rates of 6, 9, or 12/sec. to the finger tips of each hand (thumbs excluded) according to 8 different spatial pattern types. 4 highly trained Ss were instructed to report only the number of signals counted in each train. Pattern type exerted a significant affect on signal number judgments at rates of 9/sec. and 12/sec. but not at 6/sec. The number of signals in a train was assessed most accurately when presented in patterns possessing a predictable spatial ordering. Results indicated that absolute judgments of the number of successive tactile signals delivered to several spatially discrete loci is dependent upon the total spatio-temporal pattern and that tactile temporal numerosity discrimination must be specified in terms of the successive and configurational aspects of a patterned array of inputs.

A New Structural Health Monitoring System for Composite Plate

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Zhi Zhao ◽  
Shi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Time Reversal ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Damage Diagnosis ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Diagnosis Technique ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Damage detection in composite materials can be divided into active and passive approaches. The active approach is usually based on various non-destructive techniques utilizing actuators and/or receivers. Simple laser scans, revealing the change in Lamb wave response amplitudes, have been used to locate delamination and estimate its severity in a composite plate. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental studies in which input signals exerted at piezoelectric (PZT) patches on a composite plate are successfully reconstructed by using the time reversal method. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a reference-free damage diagnosis technique based on the time reversal process so that defects can be identified without relying on any past baseline data.

scholarly journals Vulnerability and informal caregiver: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landoni Marta ◽  
Petrovic Milica ◽  
Ionio Chiara ◽  
Gaggioli Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
List Type ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Emotional Vulnerability

AbstractObjectiveThis review paper examines the concept of vulnerability in the overall literature and its relation to informal caregivers.Vulnerability is frequently associated with the sense of being at risk of harm instead of being acknowledged as a human trait to embrace.Taking a cue from two well-known videos of Brené Brown on how to enact “vulnerability,” we aimed to see if emotional vulnerability - posed/explored as strength or weakness - exists in the informal care context, potentially acting as a powerful resource that teaches individuals to look inward and inspires them to work on themselves.DesignScoping reviewData sourcesFollowing PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping review, the literature was searched in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect.Study selection and data extractionWe systematically searched for: 1) observational studies, experimental studies, and systematic reviews 2) that examined the topic of emotional vulnerability in a caregiving context 3) that were relevant to informal caregivers of older adults 4) that were published from 1976 to 2021 5) in English 6) that included populations ≥18 years old 7) and excluded conceptualization of vulnerability outside of the emotional perspective (i.e., environmental, financial, social, biological, genetic, medical). Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts, reviewed the full text of relevant articles, and extracted the dataResultsFrom 2502 articles, 21 were determined as eligible.ConclusionThe reviewed articles showed the complexity of the vulnerability construct and several different approaches taken to explore this topic. This research concludes the value of vulnerability for human beings. The paucity of literature on the concept of vulnerability for informal caregivers offers a promising avenue for future research in this field.Article summary: Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study reviews the conceptualization of vulnerability across literature from 1976 to date, which was never done beforeThis study draws a unique parallel between vulnerability in formal care settings and informal careThis study re-defines the concept of emotional vulnerability in informal careThe study lacks more concrete first-person perspectives on vulnerability shared by informal caregivers, hence more concrete involvement of informal caregivers would be desirable for representative understanding of the concept of emotional vulnerability in informal care.

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