scholarly journals A Novel and Expanding SARS-CoV-2 Variant, B.1.1.318, dominates infections in Mauritius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houriiyah Tegally ◽  
Magalutcheemee Ramuth ◽  
Daniel Amoaka ◽  
Cathrine Scheepers ◽  
Eduan Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Small Island ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Local Transmission

Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean, has had a unique experience of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In March 2020, Mauritius endured a small first wave and quickly implemented control measures which allowed elimination of local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. When borders to the island reopened, it was accompanied by mandatory quarantine and testing of incoming passengers to avoid reintroduction of the virus into the community. As variants of concern (VOCs) emerged elsewhere in the world, Mauritius began using genomic surveillance to keep track of quarantined cases of these variants. In March 2021, another local outbreak occurred, and sequencing was used to investigate this new wave of local infections. Here, we analyze 154 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from Mauritius, which represent 12% of all the infections seem in Mauritius, these were both from specimens of incoming passengers before March 2021 and those of cases during the second wave. Our findings indicate that despite the presence of known VOCs Beta (B.1.351) and Alpha (B.1.1.7) among quarantined passengers, the second wave of local SARS-CoV-2 infections in Mauritius was caused by a single introduction and dominant circulation of the B.1.1.318 virus. The B.1.1.318 variant is characterized by fourteen non-synonymous mutations in the S-gene, with five encoded amino acid substitutions (T95I, E484K, D614G, P681H, D796H) and one deletion (Y144del) in the Spike glycoprotein. This variant seems to be increasing in prevalence and it is now present in 34 countries. This study highlights that despite having stopped the introduction of more transmissible VOCs by travel quarantines, a single undetected introduction of a B.1.1.318 lineage virus was enough to initiate a large local outbreak in Mauritius and demonstrated the need for continuous genomic surveillance to fully inform public health decisions.

scholarly journals Epidemiological perspectives of COVID-19 in Telangana and India: a descriptive study design

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Amruta Barhate ◽  
Prakash Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Second Wave

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has made the world to come to a standstill. What started as on 16th March 2020, as 114 confirmed cases of COVID‑19 in the country has now reached worrisome figures. The latest world scenario as per WHO as on 30th November, 2020 is as under-World data: 62,509,444 cases, deaths: 1,458,782; USA: 13,082,877 cases, deaths: 263,946; India: 9,431,691 cases, deaths 137, 139. It is evident that worldwide India is number two in case load and there’s no reason to prevent India from becoming number one unless appropriate corrective steps are taken.Methods: The present study has looked into various data sources available in public domain. The study covered a period of almost nine months i.e., from March 2020 to November 2020. The study revealed a steady increase in the number of COVID-19 cases from March 2020 with peak of pandemic occurring in the mid of September and then a steady decline of cases from October.Results: The data analysis shows that after peaking of cases in September, the epidemic will decline in a phased manner by the end of March 2021. Even though there is a decline seen from the month of October, spike of COVID-19 cases was seen in November in some of the states of India. Therefore, we can’t deny the possibility of a second wave of pandemic to occur in the month of December 2020 and January 2021.Conclusions: Hence appropriate and strict control measures have to be put in place for effective control of the Pandemic and its resurgence.

scholarly journals China's Policy to Close Borders to Prevent the Spread of the Second Wave of Covid-19 Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Elyta Elyta ◽  
Syarifah Ema Rahmaniah ◽  
Hendra Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Local Transmission ◽  
Collection Methods

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the outbreak of Covid-19, which was known to have originated from Wuhan. The increase in cases of local transmission in China's border region with Russia has sparked new concerns. In writing this paper, the author uses data collection methods with literature studies from journals and electronic books, including data from trusted websites through internet searches in the form of soft files that can support the paper's explanation. From the results of this paper, the reader can see that it is divided into several essential points explaining how China's policy to close the border in Russia to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 Virus in their country, first, how the procedures carried out by China in tightening checks on Russian borders. And Second, knowing how China monitors its citizens by using cell phones.

scholarly journals Covid-19: a catalyst for cybercrime?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bou Sleiman ◽  
Simon Gerdemann
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
New Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractWhile the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic is keeping the world on tenterhooks, the last few months have also led to a new wave of cybercrime. The following article analyzes the background and manifestations of pandemic-related cybercrimes and shows how our criminal law systems are able to deal with current challenges in the age of the coronavirus.

scholarly journals Temporal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Author(s):  
Samrat Paudel ◽  
Amol Dahal ◽  
Hitesh Kumar Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Predominant Variant ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Local Transmission

Nepal has suffered two waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections, one in the year 2020 and another in the year 2021. Although the government of Nepal keeps a detailed record of daily coronavirus infections and deaths throughout the country, and publishes the result every day, genomic surveillance of mutants in the country has lagged behind. Sequencing of COVID-19 samples has been conducted sporadically during the pandemic. From the GISAID database, 127 high-quality sequences deposited by different health authorities in Nepal were collected and analyzed. From the analysis, it can be concluded that at least two variants of concern, alpha and delta, and one variant of interest, kappa, were detected in Nepal in 2021. As in other countries, the delta variant outcompeted the kappa and alpha variants and by July 2021 had established itself as the dominant variant. It can be hypothesized that the second wave in Nepal was primarily caused by the delta variant. Further, phylogenetic tree analysis suggests cases of local transmission and global transmission of coronavirus. This analysis reveals the global nature of the disease, where variants arising in one part of the world can quickly spread to other parts of the world and can also spread through individual communities. This paper highlights a need to structure public policy of Nepal to target the delta variant since it has become the predominant variant in Nepal. A further policy suggestion is to appropriately sample and sequence genomes of SARS-CoV-2 at regular intervals to understand the dynamics of variants in the population.

scholarly journals The First Molecular Characterization of Serbian SARS-CoV-2 Isolates From a Unique Early Second Wave in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Miljanovic ◽  
Ognjen Milicevic ◽  
Ana Loncar ◽  
Dzihan Abazovic ◽  
Dragana Despot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Genome Variants ◽  
Local Transmission

March 6, 2020 is considered as the official date of the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Serbia. In late spring and early summer 2020, Europe recorded a decline in the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsiding of the first wave. This trend lasted until the fall, when the second wave of the epidemic began to appear. Unlike the rest of Europe, Serbia was hit by the second wave of the epidemic a few months earlier. Already in June 2020, newly confirmed cases had risen exponentially. As the COVID-19 pandemic is the first pandemic in which there has been instant sharing of genomic information on isolates around the world, the aim of this study was to analyze whole SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from Serbia, to identify circulating variants/clade/lineages, and to explore site-specific mutational patterns in the unique early second wave of the European epidemic. This analysis of Serbian isolates represents the first publication from Balkan countries, which demonstrates the importance of specificities of local transmission especially when preventive measures differ among countries. One hundred forty-eight different genome variants among 41 Serbian isolates were detected in this study. One unique and seven extremely rare mutations were identified, with locally specific continuous dominance of the 20D clade. At the same time, amino acid substitutions of newly identified variants of concern were found in our isolates from October 2020. Future research should be focused on functional characterization of novel mutations in order to understand the exact role of these variations.

scholarly journals Brown-Séquard, a restless mind

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
Marleide da Mota Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Spinal Cord Hemisection ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brown Sequard Syndrome

Brown-Séquard, a remarkable medical personality of the 19 th century, was born in a small island of the Indian Ocean. He travelled over the world exerting his skills: a successful physician, and an innovative researcher, with a very ample range of interests. His favored subject was the nervous system. The spinal cord was studied extensively, with novel and important discoveries on the sensory pathways. He identified cases with spinal cord hemisection, and described the clinical presentation corresponding to a syndrome which bears his name (Brown-Séquard syndrome), for which he is best known among neurologists. Regarding the brain, he proposed nine mental and physical functions (organs) related to dynamically interconnected cell clusters, in harmony with the “ réseau de cellules anastomosées ”, “ activités dynamogeniques et inhibitrices ”, and “ action à distance ” concepts. Finally, he is considered by some as the “father” of endocrinology, due to his studies on glands and their secretions.

Two Years after the Crisis: Do Risks of the Second Wave Become Stronger?

2011 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
World Economy ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Global Imbalances ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Wave

With signs of normalization seemingly in place in the world economy, a number of problems show the possibility of aggravation in the future. The volume of derivatives in American banks grows significantly, high risk instruments are back in place and their use becomes more active, global imbalances increase. All of the above requires thorough approaches when creating mechanisms which can neutralize external shocks for the Russian economy and make it possible to develop in the new post-crisis environment.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 1

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Asian Cinema

PRODUCTION ACTIVITY It was not so many years ago it seems when speaking of motion pictures from Asia meant Japanese films as represented by Akira Kurosawa and films from India made by Satyajit Ray. But suddenly time passes and now we are impressed and immersed in the flow of films from Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, South Korea, the Philippines, with Japan a less significant player, and India and Pakistan more prolific than ever in making entertainment for the mass audience. No one has given it a name or described it as "New Wave," it is simply Asian Cinema -- the most exciting development in filmmaking taking place in the world today. In China everything is falling apart yet it manages to hold together, nothing works yet it keeps on going, nothing is ever finished or properly maintained, and yes, here time does wait for every man. But as far...

The beginning of phygital world

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Evgeny Soloviov ◽  
Alexander Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Aviation Education ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Smart Data

The Phygital word itself is the combination pf physical and digital technology application.This paper will highlight the detail of phygital world and its importance, also we will discuss why its matter in the world of technology along with advantages and disadvantages.It is the concept and technology is the bridge between physical and digital world which bring unique experience to the users by providing purpose of phygital world. It is the technology used in 21st century to bring smart data as opposed to big data and mix into the broader address of array of learning styles. It can bring new experience to every sector almost like, retail, medical, aviation, education etc. to maintain some reality in today’s world which is developing technology day to day. It is a general reboot which can keep economy moving and guarantee the wellbeing of future in terms of both online and offline.

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