scholarly journals Contribution of arm movements to recovery after a trip in older adults.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd M Bruijn ◽  
Lizeth Sloot ◽  
Idsart Kingma ◽  
Mirjam Pijnappels
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
The Difference

Falls are common in daily life, and our arms play an important role in recovering balance after a trip. Although older adults fall more often with more serious consequence, there is limited research into arm movements during falls in older adults. We investigated how older adults use their arms to recover from a trip and the difference between fallers and non-fallers. Sixteen older participants walked along a walkway and were occasionally tripped using a custom tripping device. A biomechanical model used full-body marker and force-plate data to calculate the body rotation during the trip, and simulated the rotation without arms (Cut) and with transfer of the arms momentum to the body (Transfer & Cut). We only analysed the first trip, distinguishing fallers (n=5) from non-fallers (n=11). Apart from an expected increase in forward body rotation at foot touchdown in fallers, we found no significant differences between fallers and non-fallers in the effects of arm movements on trip recovery. Like earlier studies in young participants, we found that arm movements had most favourable effect in the transversal plane: by delaying the transfer of angular momentum of the arms to the body, participants rotated the tripped leg more forward thereby allowing more room for a larger recovery step. Older adults that are prone to falling might improve their recovery from a trip by learning to [further] prolong ongoing arm movement.

BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOGA SIRSASANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750053 ◽  
Author(s):  
YO CHEN ◽  
CHO-WEI LEE ◽  
YU-LAN CHEN ◽  
HUI-TING LIN ◽  
JIA-HAO CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to understand how to process Yoga headstand and the difference between genders in headstand. Twelve skilled participates were recruited in this study (Males 34.1 [Formula: see text] 3.3 years, [Formula: see text]; Females 36.5 [Formula: see text] 3.9 years, [Formula: see text]). The 10 camera Vicon motion capture system, Kistler force plate, and Medilogic pressure mat were used synchronously to record the movement, ground reaction force, and pressure distribution during headstand. The Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman test ([Formula: see text]) was applied to assess the statistics. The trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively, in all subjects. The pressure distribution was 38 [Formula: see text] 19%, 29 [Formula: see text] 12%, and 33 [Formula: see text] 9% on subjects’ heads, right elbows, and left elbows, respectively. The COP trajectory was 31.2 [Formula: see text] 17.4[Formula: see text]cm and surface area was 5.3 [Formula: see text] 1.4[Formula: see text]cm2. No significant differences were found in joint angles, overall force distribution, and COP trajectory and surface area between genders. Both males and females distribute body weight to the supports of head and elbows equally and kept the body straight and erect on the ground during Yoga headstand.

scholarly journals Lower-Limb Electromyography Signal Analysis for the Bottom Group of Muscles Fitness Norm before and after Intensive Exercise

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 2458
Author(s):  
Ching-Kun Chen ◽  
Shyan-Lung Lin ◽  
Tasi-Chu Wang ◽  
Yang-Si Huang ◽  
Chieh-Liang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Muscular fitness is not only the ability of the body to adapt to work and the environment but also the operational ability of physical behavior. We speculated whether research could be conducted on the theory of muscular fitness and its qualitative/quantitative relationship based on muscular fitness and exercise physiology from the perspective of muscular endurance and muscular exploration. This study used standing long jumps as a standard metric for physical fitness to identify the bottom 20% groups. The experiment involved eight freshmen from the bottom 20% groups, and the pre-tests of the participants’ electromyography (EMG) signals under different exercise intensities were measured and after performing a set of intensive exercises for post-tests. The signal’ characteristics measured in time and frequency domains were analyzed to find the correlation between them and the participants’ muscular fitness. Weighted squats were chosen as the strength movements, which were separated into an exercise experiment and a force plate experiment. Both experiments included three different exercise intensities: 8 repetition maximum (RM), 18RM, and 28RM. The EMG signals were captured and analyzed in both time and the frequency domains. Finally, paired sample tests were performed to determine the difference of features under different exercise intensities. The comparison of readings before and after intensive exercises shows that, for the exercised experiment, a significant difference in the mean absolute (MAV), the variance of EMG (VAR), the root mean square value (RMS), and the average amplitude of change (AAC) was observed under 8RM. Under 18RM, MAV, VAR, and AAC showed a significant difference. In the force plate experiment, RMS, AAC, mean frequency (MNF), and median frequency (MDF) showed a statistically significant difference under the intensity of 18RM. As for intensity under 28RM, MAV, VAR, RMS, and AAC also showed significant difference.

scholarly journals Effects of training procedures and target positions on lower arm movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilija Manenica ◽  
Zvjezdan Penezić
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Target Error ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The aim of a series of experiments, which included three groups of six blindfolded subjects, 19-23 years of age, was to find out effects of different ways of training on some spaciotemporal aspects of different movements by lower arms. The subjects were trained to make 20, 40,60, 80 degree movements on a kinaesthesiometer. The direction of movements was ventral-lateral and lateral- ventral in the relation to the body. One of the groups was trained first by dominant arm, and then non-dominant, while the second group had the opposite sequences of training. The third group, however, was trained bibrachially. After the training, the three groups took part in a series of arm movement experiments, where the task time (TT), movement time (MT) and the deviation from lite target (error) were recorded for the two arms separately, as well as bibrachially. The smallest deviations from the target were obtained in all the situations, when the target was positioned more ventrally, regardless of the amplitude or the direction of the movements. This was attributed to a higher differential sensitivity of the proprioceptors affected by the ventral movements in comparisi on to those affected by the lateral movements.

Marital status, close social network and loneliness of older adults in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Štípková
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe wellbeing of older adults is closely related to their social relationships. There is a well-documented association of widowhood with social isolation and loneliness, but less is known about the consequences of divorce. This paper focuses on the effects of divorce and widowhood on the characteristics of social networks and loneliness in the Czech Republic. Data from the Czech component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, 2015, are used. The results show that married older adults have the lowest levels of loneliness and, together with widowed men, the largest network of confidants. However, the size of the network is not associated with loneliness (net of socio-demographic variables). The only characteristic of the close social network that has an influence on loneliness is the presence of a partner in the network. This variable explains part of the advantage of spouses. Divorce is found to have a smaller impact on loneliness than widowhood, but the size of the difference depends on the gender and timing of the event. Widowed men seem to be most vulnerable while persons who divorce at age 50 or later experience the lowest level of loneliness among the unmarried groups. The favourable effect of late divorce can be interpreted in relation to the specific nature of partnership decisions in later life.

The application of ground force explains the energetic cost of running backward and forward

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (10) ◽  
pp. 1805-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wright ◽  
P.G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Force Application ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

We compared backward with forward running to test the idea that the application of ground force to support the weight of the body determines the energetic cost of running. We hypothesized that higher metabolic rates during backward versus forward running would be directly related to greater rates of ground force application and the volume of muscle activated to apply support forces to the ground. Four trained males ran backward and forward under steady-state conditions at eight treadmill speeds from 1.75 to 3.50 m s(−)(1). Rates of oxygen uptake were measured to determine metabolic rates, and inverse periods of foot-ground contact (1/t(c)) were measured to estimate rates of ground force application. As expected, at all eight speeds, both metabolic rates and estimated rates of ground force application were greater for backward than for forward running. At the five slowest speeds, the differences in rates of ground force application were directly proportional to the differences in metabolic rates between modes (paired t-test, P<0.05), but at the three highest speeds, small but significant differences in proportionality were present in this relationship. At one of these three higher speeds (3.0 m s(−)(1)), additional measurements to estimate muscle volumes were made using a non-invasive force plate/video technique. These measurements indicated that the volume of muscle active per unit of force applied to the ground was 10+/−3 % greater when running backward than forward at this speed. The product of rates of ground force application and estimated muscle volumes predicted a difference in metabolic rate that was indistinguishable from the difference we measured (34+/−6 % versus 35+/−6 %; means +/− s.e.m., N=4). We conclude that metabolic rates during running are determined by rates of ground force application and the volume of muscle activated to apply support forces to the ground.

scholarly journals Effects of Familiarization on Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech in Older Adults With and Without Hearing Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin L. Lansford ◽  
Stephani Luhrsen ◽  
Erin M. Ingvalson ◽  
Stephanie A. Borrie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reported Data

Purpose Familiarization tasks offer a promising platform for listener-targeted remediation of intelligibility disorders associated with dysarthria. To date, the body of work demonstrating improved understanding of dysarthric speech following a familiarization experience has been carried out on younger adults. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the intelligibility effects of familiarization in older adults. Method Nineteen older adults, with and without hearing loss, completed a familiarization protocol consisting of three phases: pretest, familiarization, and posttest. The older adults' initial intelligibility and intelligibility improvement scores were compared with previously reported data collected from 50 younger adults (Borrie, Lansford, & Barrett, 2017a). Results Relative to younger adults, initial intelligibility scores were significantly lower for older adults, although additional analysis revealed that the difference was limited to older adults with hearing loss. Key, however, is that irrespective of hearing status, the older and younger adults achieved comparable intelligibility improvement following familiarization (gain of roughly 20 percentage points). Conclusion This study extends previous findings of improved intelligibility of dysarthria following familiarization to a group of listeners who are critical to consider in listener-targeted remediation, namely, aging caregivers and/or spouses of individuals with dysarthria.

scholarly journals Automatic Body Fall Detection System for Elderly People using Accelerometer and Vision Based Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Height Of Fall ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Injury Falls

Body Falls in older adults are the significant cause of injury. Falls incorporate dropping from a standing position or from uncovered positions, for example, those on stepping stools or stepladders. The seriousness of damage is commonly identified with the height of fall often leading to disability or death. In this research generally we uses wearable sensor and vision based technique that is automatically detect body fall as early as possible. Accelerometer is used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. In vision based procedure first we procure casings or video arrangements from the camera. The division module separates the body outline from the foundation. For Feature Extraction we used GLCM method. SVM method is used for classification. By using those methods we can surely detect the human body fall and can take the preventive measures.

Prediction in the Vestibular Control of Arm Movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 487-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Blouin ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bresciani ◽  
Etienne Guillaud ◽  
Martin Simoneau
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
The Brain

The contribution of vestibular signals to motor control has been evidenced in postural, locomotor, and oculomotor studies. Here, we review studies showing that vestibular information also contributes to the control of arm movements during whole-body motion. The data reviewed suggest that vestibular information is used by the arm motor system to maintain the initial hand position or the planned hand trajectory unaltered during body motion. This requires integration of vestibular and cervical inputs to determine the trunk motion dynamics. These studies further suggest that the vestibular control of arm movement relies on rapid and efficient vestibulomotor transformations that cannot be considered automatic. We also reviewed evidence suggesting that the vestibular afferents can be used by the brain to predict and counteract body-rotation-induced torques (e.g., Coriolis) acting on the arm when reaching for a target while turning the trunk.

Slow Down You’re Moving Too Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lang ◽  
Nancy Schwartz ◽  
Sharon Mayell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

The study reported here compared how younger and older adults processed the same set of media messages which were selected to vary on two factors, arousing content and valence. Results showed that older and younger adults had similar arousal responses but different patterns of attention and memory. Older adults paid more attention to all messages than did younger adults. However, this attention did not translate into greater memory. Older and younger adults had similar levels of memory for slow-paced messages, but younger adults outperformed older adults significantly as pacing increased, and the difference was larger for arousing compared with calm messages. The differences found are in line with predictions made based on the cognitive-aging literature.

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