scholarly journals Update on the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) distribution in Cabo Verde: occurrence of the species complexes Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens (pipiens, quinquefasciatus and their hybrids)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvânia da Veiga Leal ◽  
Isaias Baptista Fernandes Varela ◽  
Davidson Daniel Sousa Monteiro ◽  
Celivianne Marisia Ramos de Sousa ◽  
Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Entomological Survey ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Species Complexes

In this study, we aimed to update the mosquito species composition and distribution based on a national entomological survey in all municipalities of Cabo Verde. This includes the sibling species of the Culex pipiens complex, namely Cx. pipiens , Cx. quinquefasciatus and their hybrids, in locations where information is not available. The entomological survey took place from October 2017 to September 2018, in all municipalities of Cabo Verde. Mosquito larvae and pupae were collected in breeding sites and samples were sent to the Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the National Institute of Public Health for the morphological identification of the species. The mosquitoes morphologically identified in Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens complexes of species were further molecular analysed to species confirmation. A total of 814 breeding sites were surveyed and 10 mosquito species of five genera were identified. The greatest number of mosquito species was reported in the island of Santiago. The most widespread species in the country were Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Anopheles arabiensis was the only species identified in the Gambiae complex of species. The results of this study will assist decision makers in important health policies to control mosquitoes and vector-borne diseases towards a strategic approach by timely detection of changes in species diversity.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

scholarly journals Human biting Culex pipiens bioform molestus is spread in several areas in south Sweden

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luande Verah Nafula ◽  
Disa Eklöf ◽  
Anders Lindström ◽  
Steven Ger Nyanjom ◽  
Magnus Evander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
South Sweden ◽  
Citizen Science Project

AbstractThe mosquito species Culex pipiens is a potential vector of several pathogens infecting humans and occurs in two distinct bioforms, pipiens and molestus. Traditional morphological identification fails to separate the bioforms of Cx. pipiens despite their behavioural differences since they are morphologically indistinguishable. However, molecular methods can identify the two bioforms. The bioform molestus thrives in urban environments and bite all kinds of vertebrates, whereas bioform pipiens is more rural and mainly feed on birds.Mosquito samples submitted in a citizen science project from people experiencing mosquito problems in South Sweden were analyzed to determine the geographical distribution of the molestus bioform of Cx. pipiens. Mosquito specimens were identified to species by DNA barcoding of the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the bioforms were determined with the CQ11 microsatellite marker. To establish other differences between the bioforms, part of the CPIJ001674 gene was sequenced. Culex pipiens f molestus, was present both within and outside of urban areas in several sites in southern Sweden. In one site, hybrids between the two bioforms were found. Culex pipiens f molestus has previously been found in urban areas in Sweden, but the detection of the bioform in several rural areas was surprising, indicating that it may be more widely spread than previously thought.

scholarly journals Species diversity and breeding site of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macaca fascicularis breeding area

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
D Novianto ◽  
U K Hadi ◽  
S Soviana ◽  
Supriyono ◽  
H S Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Mosquito larvae play an essential role in the ecological, and many of them can spread human and animal diseases, including in Macaca fascicularis. Information on mosquito species and their habitats can provide an overview of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of vector-borne diseases in M. fascicularis captivity area. This study aimed to identify species diversity of mosquito larvae, species affinity and association, and the larval breeding sites around M. fascicularis captivity area in Bogor, West Java. Mosquito larvae were collected from 102 sites using a 350 ml dipper. Mosquito larvae that were successfully collected consisted of 11 species; Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles aconitus, An. kochi, An. vagus, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Co-occurrence in mosquito larvae as many as 13 compositions, with the highest co-occurrence in Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus that was 11 times. There were seven types breeding sites for the larval mosquitoes, i.e containers, ditches, creeks, ponds, artificial ponds, groundwater puddles, and rice fields. We conclude the existence of mosquito larvae and the availability of their breeding site in M. fascicularis captivity area can be a potential transmission of pathogens between mosquitoes and hosts

scholarly journals Pollutants and insecticides drive local adaptation in African malaria mosquitoes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colince Kamdem ◽  
Caroline Fouet ◽  
Stephanie Gamez ◽  
Bradley J. White
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Rural And Urban

ABSTRACTThe Anopheles gambiae complex contains a number of highly anthropophilic mosquito species that have acquired exceptional ability to thrive in complex human habitats. Thus, examining the evolutionary history of this Afrotropical mosquito may yield vital information on the selective processes that occurred during the adaptation to human-dominated environments. We performed reduced representation sequencing on 941 mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected across four ecogeographic zones in Cameroon. We find evidence for genetic and geographic subdivision within An. coluzzii and An. gambiae sensu stricto – the two most significant malaria vectors in the region. Importantly, in both species, rural and urban populations are genetically differentiated. Genome scans reveal pervasive signatures of selection centered on genes involved in xenobiotic resistance. Notably, a selective sweep containing detoxification enzymes is prominent in urban mosquitoes that exploit polluted breeding sites. Overall, our study suggests that recent anthropogenic environmental modifications and widespread use of insecticides are driving population differentiation and local adaptation in vectors with potentially significant consequences for malaria epidemiology.

The biting flies of the Kano Plains, Kenya: Part II. Larval habitats of common mosquito species (Dipt., Culicidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canute P. M. Khamala
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Culex Pipiens Fatigans ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Six natural terrestrial mosquito breeding habitats were recognised in the Kano Plains of Kenya by their condition, i.e. temporary or permanent, presence or absence of emergent plants, and by the chemical and physical characteristics of their water. Between September 1968 and March 1970, 13 mosquito species were found breeding in these habitats. Most species were restricted to a few habitats; only four showed a wide occurrence, being found in at least four. Anopheles gambiae Giles and Culex annulioris Theo. exploited all six habitats, suggesting that the characteristics studied were probably not critical to their selection of a breeding site. Mansonia and Coquillettidia spp. were restricted to habitats with some plants, indicating their dependence on such vegetation for respiration and protection. The indiscriminate selection of breeding sites by disease vectors, e.g. A. gambiae, A. pharoensis Theo. and Culex pipiens fatigans Wied., is worth noting in irrigation schemes.

scholarly journals Curcumin Derivatives as Potential Mosquito Larvicidal Agents against Two Mosquito Vectors, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8915
Author(s):  
Dimitris Matiadis ◽  
Panagiota G. V. Liggri ◽  
Eftichia Kritsi ◽  
Niki Tzioumaki ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Curcumin Derivative

Vector-borne diseases have appeared or re-emerged in many Southern Europe countries making the transmission of infectious diseases by mosquitoes (vectors) one of the greatest worldwide health threats. Larvicides have been used extensively for the control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in urban and semi-urban environments, causing the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to commercial insecticides. In this study, 27 curcuminoids and monocarbonyl curcumin derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as potential larvicidal agents against Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus. Most of the compounds were more effective against larvae of both mosquito species. Four of the tested compounds, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin-BF2 complex and a monocarbonyl tetramethoxy curcumin derivative exhibited high activity against both species. In Cx. pipiens the recorded LC50 values were 6.0, 9.4, 5.0 and 32.5 ppm, respectively, whereas in Ae. albopictus they exhibited LC50 values of 9.2, 36.0, 5.5 and 23.6 ppm, respectively. No conclusive structure activity relationship was evident from the results and the variety of descriptors values generated in silico provided some insight to this end.

scholarly journals An overview of mosquitoes and emerging arboviral infections in the Zagreb area, Croatia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1286-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Klobucar ◽  
Nikola Benic ◽  
Darko Krajcar ◽  
Mirjana Lana Kosanovic-Licina ◽  
Vanja Tesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Zagreb Area ◽  
The City

Mosquito control in the Zagreb area has been conducted for many years, whereas the fauna has only been investigated in the last 20 years. So far 30 mosquito species have been detected in the city area. Culex pipiens form molestus is the dominant mosquito species in indoor breeding sites. In forested areas and areas exposed to flooding, the active period is early spring and the dominant species are Ochlerotatus sticticus, Ochlerotatus cantans, Ochlerotatus geniculatus and Aedes vexans. The eudominant mosquito species found in the artificial breeding sites are Culex pipiens and the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Invasive Ae. albopictus, present in the Zagreb area since 2004, has expanded to a larger area of the city during the last three years. The recent emergence of the human West Nile virus and Usutu virus neuroinvasive disease in Zagreb and its surroundings highlighted the role of mosquitoes as vectors of emerging arboviruses. The paper focuses on mosquito species and arboviral infections detected in humans and animals in the Zagreb area, Croatia.

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

scholarly journals Entomological survey for identification of Aedes larval breeding sites and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahidur Rahman ◽  
Md. Omar Faruk ◽  
Sumiya Tanjila ◽  
Nur Mohammad Sabbir ◽  
Najmul Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Entomological Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Positive Properties

Abstract Background Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-districts (Thana) under Chattogram City, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and immature mosquitoes was recorded in field survey data form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification. Results Different indices like house index, container index, and the Breteau index were estimated. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify habitats that were more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. A total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties were examined, where 52 (7.39%) were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed the highest container productivity (50%) whereas the vehicle and machinery group was found as most efficient (1.83) in terms of immature Aedes production. Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% with Aedes albopictus, and 1% contained both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, the container index was 7%, and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried houses had significantly lower positivity compared to independent houses. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01). Conclusions These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne disease transmissions.

scholarly journals Gonoactivity of Culex (Culex) (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes During Winter in Temperate Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Branda ◽  
Magdalena Laurito ◽  
Andrés Mario Visintin ◽  
Walter Ricardo Almirón
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The City

Abstract The subgenus Culex L. includes species involved in summer–autumn arbovirus transmission but studies during winter are scarce in temperate Argentina. Female specimens were collected host-seeking at dry-ice-baited traps during autumn–winter–spring at two sites in Córdoba City during 2016 and 2017. The specimens were morphologically identified and dissected to determine the follicular developmental stage (gonotrophic activity). Females with advanced follicular stages (≥III) were subjected to molecular procedures to confirm or re-identify previous morphological identification. Five species (Culex apicinus Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex dolosus (Lynch-Arribálzaga) (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex maxi Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex pipiens pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)) were collected and found gonoactive during winter; showing that a high proportion of Culex (Culex) females remain reproductively active during the unfavorable season for mosquito populations. Among them, it is worth noting the collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus, vector of the St. Louis encephalitis virus (endemic in the city), a specimen of Cx. p. pipiens, and a hybrid of Cx. p. pipiens/Cx. quinquefasciatus (during autumn). The study of this community during winter should continue because a high gonoactive female proportion with advanced follicular stages was found: 29.12 and 13.07% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Local studies such as this one provide evidence about ornithophilic Culex species with active year-round life cycles, species that could favor arbovirus overwintering.

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