scholarly journals Strategic Leadership Coaching supports Young Executives decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Heyns-Nell ◽  
Kimberley Clare Williams ◽  
David John Hume ◽  
Fleur Margaret Howells
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leadership Coaching ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Band Activity

ABSTRACTDecision-making is central to daily function for executives in any organisation. Strategic leadership coaching (SLC) is an effective way to support complex decision-making, yet empirical neuroscientific data to support is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SLC on young executive’s cortical arousal and their neural circuitry activation during the completion of computerized tasks which require activation of decision-making circuitry. We hypothesised SLC would improve cortical arousal when engaged with decision-making tasks, specifically increased electroencephalography (EEG) relative alpha band activity and improved neural circuitry engagement, measured as increased amplitude of event-related potential wave components. This study included thirty-one young male executives, of which eighteen underwent 8 sessions of SLC over two months. EEG records were collected thrice from those who underwent SLC (prior, post, and two months post), and twice from the control group (two months apart). The EEG recording session included completion of two decision-making tasks, an Iowa gambling task and Stroop colour-word conflict task. Finding, SLC increased alpha band activity over left frontal and central electrodes, and increased right parietal N170 amplitude and left parietal P300 amplitude. These findings support our hypothesis, as SLC improved cognitive cortical resources (enhanced alpha) which in turn permitted greater efficiency within decision-making circuitry (increased wave component amplitudes). This study provides the first and necessary neurobiological evidence to support and develop this line of research in SLC, and other forms of coaching, as it adds significant value.

scholarly journals Neural Processing of Other-Race Faces as a Function of Racial Familiarity: A P300 Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.22) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tai Yan Shan ◽  
Faruque Reza ◽  
Tahamina Begum ◽  
Nasir Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Cognition Model

Background: The other-race categorisation advantage (ORCA) is a well-established phenomenon, whereby other-race faces are categorised faster than own race faces. Objectives: This study investigated whether extraverts would demonstrate an ORCA-like effect toward unfamiliar other-race faces and familiar other-race faces in a modified oddball and choice reaction paradigm.  Methods: This event-related potential (ERP) study employed a repeated measures experimental design with one independent variable (racial familiarity) and three levels (familiar other-race/Malay faces, unfamiliar other-race/African faces, control group/furniture photos). In the oddball task, African faces and Malay faces were the target stimuli and furniture photos were the standard stimuli. Electroencephalography data (EEG) was collected during the oddball task, from which ERP components were derived. Results: The reaction time (RT) for African and Malay faces were not significantly different.  Significant effect of racial familiarity on P300 latencies at all electrode sites was not observed.  However, there was a significant effect of racial familiarity on P300 amplitudes at midline electrodes (Cz).  It was also observed that the P300 amplitude was larger for African faces than Malay faces at midline electrodes (Cz). Conclusion: An ORCA-like effect was not found in categorisation tasks involving faces from a familiar and an unfamiliar other-race, but a larger P300 amplitude was evoked by African faces. This dissociation between RT and P300 amplitude provided important theoretical implications with regard to models associated with ORCA. Specifically, the current findings lent support to the social cognition model and the Categorisation-Individuation Model (CIM).

scholarly journals Frontal scalp potentials foretell perceptual choice confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 1566-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koeun Lim ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Daniel M. Merfeld
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Action Event ◽  
Potential Component

We report novel neural correlates of predecisional choice confidence in frontal scalp potential in humans. In conjunction with the centroparietal choice-action event-related potential component, this new frontal choice confidence component further elucidates the dynamics of the frontoparietal decision-making neural circuitry.

scholarly journals P300 and decision-making in neuromarketing

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Aida Azlina Mansor ◽  
Salmi Mohd Isa ◽  
Syaharudin Shah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Related Research ◽  
P300 Wave ◽  
Human Event ◽  
Marketing Methods

Neuromarketing provides insights into consumers' decision-making that traditional marketing test methods cannot offer. The foundation in the process of decision-making is P300. Thus, the P300 wave is a potential Event-Related Component (ERP) used to measure consumers' decision-making process. The P300 wave represents a positive transition in human event-related potential. Therefore, the P300 is determined by measuring the amplitude and latency of the consumers. A higher P300 amplitude indicates greater confidence in the decision-making process, while a longer P300 latency indicates lower attentiveness. Thus, P300 in neuroscience, which investigates customers' responses in-depth, cannot be accomplished by typical marketing methods. For many years, P300 components such as attitudes, preferences, and information-based decision-making have been examined extensively in marketing-related research. However, a review of an ERP in neuromarketing method is fewer reported. This mini review describes some analysis on P300 and decision-making by several researchers.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Improves Brain Computer Interface Performance by Increasing Control over Neural Activity in the Alpha Band

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Stieger ◽  
Stephen Engel ◽  
Haiteng Jiang ◽  
Christopher C. Cline ◽  
Mary Jo Kreitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising tools for assisting patients with paralysis, but suffer from long training times and variable user proficiency. Mind-body awareness training (MBAT) can improve BCI learning, but how it does so remains unknown. Here we show that MBAT allows participants to learn to volitionally increase alpha band neural activity during BCI tasks that incorporate intentional rest. We trained individuals in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; a standardized MBAT intervention) and compared performance and brain activity before and after training between randomly assigned trained and untrained control groups. The MBAT group showed reliably faster learning of BCI than the control group throughout training. Alpha-band activity in EEG signals, recorded in the volitional resting state during task performance, showed a parallel increase over sessions, and predicted final BCI performance. The level of alpha-band activity during the intentional resting state correlated reliably with individuals’ mindfulness practice as well as performance on a sustained attention task. Collectively, these results show that MBAT modifies a specific neural signal used by BCI. MBAT, by increasing patients’ control over their brain activity during rest, may increase the effectiveness of BCI in the large population who could benefit from alternatives to direct motor control.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Electrophysiological Correlates of Working Memory Impairments in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorana Pobric ◽  
Jason R. Taylor ◽  
Hemavathy M. Ramalingam ◽  
Emily Pye ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Memory Impairments

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a single gene disorder associated with working Memory (WM) impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate P300 event-related potential (ERP) associated with WM in NF1. Sixteen adolescents with NF1 were compared with controls on measures of WM and EEG was recorded during a WM nback task. The NF1 group showed poorer performance on measures of WM as compared to the control group. No group differences were observed in P300 amplitude at Pz, but P300 latency was shorter in the NF1 group. Topographic analyses of P300 amplitude showed group differences indicating neural processing differences in the NF1 group relative to controls, which possibly contribute to the cognitive deficits seen in this population.

Social and nonsocial cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: A comparative neuropsychological and neurophysiological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s817-s817
Author(s):  
M.A. Khalil ◽  
A.A. Saleh ◽  
N.M. El-Fayoumy ◽  
S.M. Gohar
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
The Mind

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia suffer from cognitive deficits in seven domains in addition to social cognition. P300 latency and amplitude have been linked in these patients to the basic cognitive deficits.ObjectivesComparing patients suffering from schizophrenia with matched healthy subjects as regards auditory event related potential tests as measured by P300.Subjects and methodsFifty-two subjects were divided into 2 groups: group (A): 27 patients with schizophrenia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-text revised (DSM-IV TR). Those with current substance use, psychiatric disorders or organic disorders were excluded. Group (B): 25 healthy control subjects with negative history of substance and psychiatric disorders. Patients were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for severity of psychotic symptoms, Addenbrook's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) for basic cognitive, reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition, P300 and electro-encephalography (EEG)ResultsThe two groups were different significantly in ACE total and its subtests measuring attention-orientation, memory, language, visuospatial and reading the mind in the eye test for social cognition scores with patients showing lower scores (P = 0.000, 0.012, 0.000, 0.038, 0.041 and 0.001 respectively). Control group had higher amplitude of P300 and shorter latency than patients (P = 0.003 and 0.005 respectively). P300 amplitude correlated positively with visuospatial memory (P = 0.015). PANSS general pathology scale correlated positively with duration of untreated psychosis (P = 0.029) and with fluency (P = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia differ from controls in P300.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Improves Brain–Computer Interface Performance by Increasing Control Over Neural Activity in the Alpha Band

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-438
Author(s):  
James R Stieger ◽  
Stephen Engel ◽  
Haiteng Jiang ◽  
Christopher C Cline ◽  
Mary Jo Kreitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Band Activity

Abstract Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising tools for assisting patients with paralysis, but suffer from long training times and variable user proficiency. Mind–body awareness training (MBAT) can improve BCI learning, but how it does so remains unknown. Here, we show that MBAT allows participants to learn to volitionally increase alpha band neural activity during BCI tasks that incorporate intentional rest. We trained individuals in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; a standardized MBAT intervention) and compared performance and brain activity before and after training between randomly assigned trained and untrained control groups. The MBAT group showed reliably faster learning of BCI than the control group throughout training. Alpha-band activity in electroencephalogram signals, recorded in the volitional resting state during task performance, showed a parallel increase over sessions, and predicted final BCI performance. The level of alpha-band activity during the intentional resting state correlated reliably with individuals’ mindfulness practice as well as performance on a breath counting task. Collectively, these results show that MBAT modifies a specific neural signal used by BCI. MBAT, by increasing patients' control over their brain activity during rest, may increase the effectiveness of BCI in the large population who could benefit from alternatives to direct motor control.

Sleep quality and its effect on event related potential P300 in adolescents with and without sleep disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Aseem ◽  
Mohammed Ejaz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed: (i) to investigate the sleep quality and cortical arousal (ERP P300) in adolescents with and without sleep disturbances, and (ii) to examine whether P300 vary as a function of quality of the previous night’s sleep in sleep disturbed adolescents and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods Fifteen sleep disturbed adolescents and 15 age-matched controls were recruited. Participants filled 10 days of sleep logs to identify their good (GN) and bad nights (BN). GN and BN were scored as a measure of sleep efficiency (SE), with nights having greater SE defined as GN and nights with lower SE scores labelled as BN. Afterwards, subjects were summoned to the lab for recording ERP P300 once after a night of good sleep (GN) and once after a night of bad sleep (BN). Results The findings demonstrate that sleep disturbed adolescents exhibited poorer quality of sleep than controls. The ERP P300 also revealed significant difference in participants with and without sleep disturbance. Moreover, the P300 amplitude was higher and the latency was shorter after a GN in sleep disturbed as well as in controls, however, the values were better for adolescents without disturbed sleep. Similarly, amplitude and latency of P300 was lower and longer, respectively, after a BN in both the groups, however, participants with sleep disturbance demonstrated very penurious scores for amplitude and latency than the controls. Conclusion Adolescents with sleep disturbance have poorer sleep quality and ERP characteristics than their healthy counterparts. Moreover, the quality of the previous night sleep determines cortical arousal in both sleep disturbed and healthy controls.

P300 Amplitude and Topography in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm Involving Simulated Amnesia

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld ◽  
Matthew Soskins ◽  
Marianne Jhee
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Amplitude Difference ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Oddball Task

Abstract The P300 component of the event-related potential was recorded during two blocks of an autobiographical oddball task. All participants performed honestly during the first block (Phone), i.e., the oddball stimuli were phone numbers. During the second block (Birthday), in which the oddball stimuli were participants' birthdays, a Truth group (N = 13) performed honestly and a Malinger group (N = 14) simulated amnesia. Amnesia simulation significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, both between groups and within the Malinger group (Phone vs. Birthday), possibly because of an increase in task difficulty in the Malinger condition. Analysis of scaled amplitudes also indicated a trend for a feigning-related alteration in P300 topography. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes detected significantly more (93%) Malinger individuals than bootstrapping of baseline-to-peak amplitudes (64%). Bootstrapping also provided evidence of a feigning-related amplitude difference between oddball stimuli (i.e., Phone > Birthday) in 71% of Malinger group individuals. In this comparison, the peak-to-peak measure also performed significantly better in intraindividual diagnostics.

Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
First Time

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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