Comparison of the Immunogenicity of five COVID-19 vaccines in Sri Lanka

We assessed antibody responses 3 months post-vaccination in those who received mRNA-1273 (n=225), Sputnik V (n=128) or the first dose of Gam-COVID-Vac (n=184) and compared the results with previously reported data of Sinopharm and AZD1222 vaccinees. 99.5% of Moderna >94% of AZD1222 or Sputnik V, 72% to 76% of Gam-COVID-Vac (first dose) and 38.1% to 68.3% of Sinopharm vaccinees had ACE2 blocking antibodies above the positive threshold. The ACE2 blocking antibody levels were highest to lowest was Moderna > Sputnik V/ AZD1222 (had equal levels)> first dose of Gam-COVID-Vac > Sinopharm. All Moderna recipients had antibodies above the positive threshold to the ancestral (WT), B.1.1.7, B.1.351.1 and 80% positivity rate for B.1.617.2. Positivity rates of Sputnik V vaccinees for WT and variants, were higher than AZD1222 vaccinees, while Sinopharm vaccinees had the lowest positivity rates (<16.7%). These findings highlight the need for further studies to understand the effects on clinical outcomes.

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Can individuals with low antibody responses to vaccines against other viruses acquire adequate SARS-CoV-2 antibody after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine?

10.1101/2021.12.26.21268358 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wataru Ogura ◽

Kouki Ohtsuka ◽

Sachiko Matsuura ◽

Takahiro Okuyama ◽

Satsuki Matsushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Antibody Activity ◽

Low Responders ◽

Before And After ◽

Positive Threshold ◽

Antibody Levels

Objective In Japan, healthcare workers (HCWs) are vaccinated against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other contagious viruses (measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, and hepatitis B) to prevent nosocomial infection. However, some do not produce sufficient antibodies after vaccination (low responders). This study investigated changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels among HCWs after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and assessed whether low responders produced adequate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and neutralizing antibodies. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of HCWs before and after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The HCWs received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, 3 weeks apart. Those whose antibody levels against previous antiviral vaccines did not reach protective antibody levels after receiving two doses were defined as low responders, whereas those who produced adequate antibodies were defined as normal responders. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies were measured 11 times from before the first BNT162b2 vaccination to 5 months after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity was measured twice in low responders, 1 week to 1 month and 5 months after the second vaccination. Results Fifty HCWs were included in the analytic cohort. After vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody was detectable in the samples from both responders at each timepoint, but the level was lower at 5 months than at 1 week after the second vaccination. Low responders had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity 1 week to 1 month after the second vaccination, which exceeded the positive threshold after 5 months. Conclusion After BNT162b2 vaccination, low responders acquired adequate SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies to prevent SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels were lower at 5 months than at 1 week after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in low and normal responders. Therefore, low responders should also receive a third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine.

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Durability of antibody response to vaccination and surrogate neutralization of emerging variants based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure history

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96879-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas W. McDade ◽

Alexis R. Demonbreun ◽

Amelia Sancilio ◽

Brian Mustanski ◽

Richard T. D’Aquila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Responses ◽

Clinical Protection ◽

Exposure History ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractTwo-dose messenger RNA vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, the durability of protection is not known, nor is the effectiveness against emerging viral variants. Additionally, vaccine responses may differ based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure history. To investigate protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants we measured binding and neutralizing antibody responses following both vaccine doses. We document significant declines in antibody levels three months post-vaccination, and reduced neutralization of emerging variants, highlighting the need to identify correlates of clinical protection to inform the timing of and indications for booster vaccination.

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Antibody and T cell responses to Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV in naive and previously infected individuals in Sri Lanka

10.1101/2021.07.15.21260621 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandima Jeewandara ◽

Inoka Sepali Aberathna ◽

Pradeep Dharshana Pushpakumara ◽

Achala Kamaladasa ◽

Dinuka Guruge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Natural Infection ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Receptor Blocking ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Blocking Antibodies

Background: As there are limited data of the immunogenicity of the Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV in different populations, antibody responses against different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and T cell responses, we investigated the immunogenicity of the vaccine, in individuals in Sri Lanka. Methods: SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured in 282 individuals who were seronegative at baseline, and ACE2 receptor blocking antibodies, antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the wild type (WT), B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2, ex vivo and cultured IFNγ ELISpot assays, intracellular cytokine secretion assays and B cell ELISpot assays were carried out in a sub cohort of the vaccinees at 4 weeks and at 6 weeks (2 weeks after the second dose). Results: 95% of the vaccinees seroconverted, although the seroconversion rates were significantly lower (p<0.001) in individuals >60 years (93.3%) compared to those who were 20 to 39 years (98.9%). 81.25% had ACE2 receptor blocking antibodies at 6 weeks, and there was no difference in these antibody titres in vaccine sera compared to convalescent sera (p=0.44). Vaccinees had significantly less (p<0.0001) antibodies to the RBD of WT and B.1.1.7, although there was no difference in antibodies to the RBD of B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 compared to convalescent sera. 27.7% of 46.4% of vaccinees had ex vivo IFNγ and cultured ELISpot responses respectively, and IFNγ and CD107a responses were detected by flow cytometry. Conclusions: Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV appeared to induce high seroconversion rates and induce a similar level of antibody responses against ACE2 receptor, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 as seen following natural infection.

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Antibody responses induced by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Thailand: A matched cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253028

Author(s):

Sutthichai Nakphook ◽

Jayanton Patumanond ◽

Manash Shrestha ◽

Kriengkrai Prasert ◽

Malinee Chittaganpitch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Study Groups ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

P Values ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Recommendations ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels

Background We compared influenza antibody titers among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods During 1st June– 30th September 2018, four groups of cohort participants—vaccinated pregnant, unvaccinated pregnant, vaccinated non-pregnant, and unvaccinated non-pregnant women were selected by matching age, gestational age, and the week of vaccination. Serum antibody titers against each strain of 2018 Southern Hemisphere inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 28 (one month post-vaccination) serum samples. Geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT ratio (GMR), seroconversion (defined as ≥4 fold increase in HI titer), and seroprotection (i.e. HI titer ≥1:40) were compared across the study groups using multilevel regression analyses, controlling for previous year vaccination from medical records and baseline antibody levels. Results A total of 132 participants were enrolled in the study (33 in each of the four study groups). The baseline GMTs for influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B vaccine strains were not significantly different among all four groups (all p-values >0.05). After one month, both vaccinated groups had significantly higher GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection than their unvaccinated controls (all p-values <0.05). The seroconversion rate was over 60% for any strain among the vaccinated groups, with the highest (88.8%) observed against A(H1N1) in the vaccinated pregnant group. Similarly, at least 75% of the vaccinated participants developed seroprotective antibody levels against all three strains; the highest seroprotection was found against A(H3N2) at 92.6% among vaccinated non-pregnant participants. Antibody responses (post-vaccination GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection) were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant women for all three strains of IIV3 (all p>0.05). Conclusions The 2018 seasonal IIV3 was immunogenic against all three vaccine strains and pregnancy did not seem to alter the immune response to IIV3. These findings support the current influenza vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.

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Antibody responses induced by trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Thailand: a matched cohort study

10.1101/2021.04.07.21255057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sutthichai Nakphook ◽

Jayanton Patumanond ◽

Manash Shrestha ◽

Kriengkrai Prasert ◽

Malinee Chittaganpitch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Study Groups ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

P Values ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Recommendations ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundWe compared influenza antibody titers among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.MethodsDuring 1st June – 30th September 2018, four groups of cohort participants - vaccinated pregnant, unvaccinated pregnant, vaccinated non-pregnant, and unvaccinated non-pregnant women were selected by matching age, gestational age, and the week of vaccination. Serum antibody titers against each strain of 2018 Southern Hemisphere inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3) were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay on Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and Day 28 (one month post-vaccination) serum samples. Geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT ratio (GMR), seroconversion (defined as ≥4 fold increase in HI titer), and seroprotection (i.e. HI titer ≥1:40) were compared across the study groups using multilevel regression analyses, controlling for previous year vaccination from medical records and baseline antibody levels.ResultsA total of 132 participants were enrolled in the study (33 in each of the four study groups). The baseline GMTs were similar for influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B vaccine strains among all four groups (all p-values >0.05). After one month, both vaccinated groups had significantly higher GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection than their unvaccinated controls (all p-values <0.05). The seroconversion rate was over 60% for any strain among the vaccinated groups, with the highest (88.8%) observed against A(H1N1) in the vaccinated pregnant group. Similarly, at least 75% of the vaccinated participants developed seroprotective antibody levels against all three strains; the highest seroprotection was found against A(H3N2) at 92.6% among vaccinated non-pregnant participants. Pregnant women had similar antibody responses (post-vaccination GMT, GMR, seroconversion, and seroprotection) to non-pregnant women for all three strains of IIV3 (all p>0.05).ConclusionsThe 2018 seasonal IIV3 was immunogenic against all three vaccine strains and pregnancy did not seem to alter the immune response to IIV3. These findings support the current influenza vaccination recommendations for pregnant women.

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Pre-vaccination and early B cell signatures predict antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine

10.1101/2021.07.06.21259528 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lela Kardava ◽

Nicholas Rachmaninoff ◽

William Lau ◽

Clarisa Buckner ◽

Krittin Trihemasava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

B Cell ◽

Response Variability ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Memory B Cell ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Early Indicators

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are highly effective, although weak antibody responses are seen in some individuals with correlates of immunity that remain poorly understood. Here we longitudinally dissected antibody, plasmablast, and memory B cell (MBC) responses to the two-dose Moderna mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected adults. Robust, coordinated IgA and IgG antibody responses were preceded by bursts of spike-specific plasmablasts after both doses, but earlier and more intensely after dose two. Distinct antigen-specific MBC populations also emerged post-vaccination with varying kinetics. We identified antigen non-specific pre-vaccination MBC and post-vaccination plasmablasts after dose one and their spike-specific counterparts early after dose two that correlated with subsequent antibody levels. These baseline and response signatures can thus provide early indicators of serological efficacy and explain response variability in the population.

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Thyroid-stimulating antibody and thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin activity in hypothyroid patients who subsequently developed thyrotoxicosis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1220499 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 122 (4) ◽

pp. 499-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hajime Tamai ◽

Kanji Kasagi ◽

Osamu Mizuno ◽

Nobuyuki Kobayashi ◽

Gen Komaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypothyroid Patient ◽

Blocking Antibody ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Antibody ◽

The Third ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Antibodies ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Blocking Antibodies ◽

Immunoglobulin Levels ◽

Hypothyroid Patients

Abstract. Although abnormal thyroid-stimulating and -blocking antibodies have been demonstrated in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders, a direct correlation is not always observed. Thyroid-stimulating antibody, thyrotropinbinding inhibitory immunoglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating blocking antibody levels were determined in three hypothyroid patients who subsequently developed hyperthyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies levels were normal in one, elevated in another, and unmeasured in the third hypothyroid patient, but became elevated in all patients with the onset of hyperthyroidism. There was discordance, however, in one patient who had markedly elevated thyroid-stimulating antibodies and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin levels when she was hypothyroid. The data indicate that thyroidal responses to the abnormal stimulating antibodies may differ among patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.

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Clinical correlations of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 infection

10.1101/2020.10.22.20213207 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mia DeSimone ◽

Daimon P Simmons ◽

Nicole Tolan ◽

Stacy Melanson ◽

Athena Petrides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Medical Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Tertiary Care Medical Center ◽

Clinical Correlations ◽

Antibody Levels

AbstractCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding the clinical correlations of antibodies produced by infected individuals will be critical for incorporating antibody results into clinical management. This study was an observational cohort study to evaluate antibody responses in individuals with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, including 48 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at a large tertiary care medical center. Serum samples were obtained from patients at various time points during the disease course and tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Medical records were reviewed, and antibody levels were compared with clinical and laboratory findings. Patients did not have high levels of antibodies within one week of symptoms, but most had detectable IgM and IgG antibodies between 8 and 29 days after onset of symptoms. Some individuals did not develop measurable levels of IgM or IgG antibodies. IgM antibodies were associated with elevated ALT, but there were no other significant associations. We did not observe significant associations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with clinical outcomes, including intubation and death. SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were unlikely to be detected in the first week of infection or in severely immunocompromised individuals. Although we did not observe associations with clinical outcomes, IgM antibodies were associated with higher ALT levels. Antibody production reflects the virus-specific immune response, which is important for immunity but also drives pathology, and antibody levels may be important for guiding treatment of individuals with COVID-19.

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In Depth Breadth Analyses of Human Blockade Responses to Norovirus and Response to Vaccination

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11050392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 392 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joel Haynes ◽

Virginia Perry ◽

Evelyn Benson ◽

Alisa Meeks ◽

Gayle Watts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Blocking Antibody ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Multiple Exposures ◽

Before And After ◽

Functional Antibodies ◽

The Many ◽

Antibody Levels

To evaluate and understand the efficacy of vaccine candidates, supportive immunological measures are needed. Critical attributes for a norovirus vaccine are the strength and breadth of antibody responses against the many different genotypes. In the absence of suitable neutralization assays to test samples from vaccine clinical trials, blockade assays offer a method that can measure functional antibodies specific for many of the different norovirus strains. This paper describes development and optimization of blockade assays for an extended panel of 20 different norovirus strains that can provide robust and reliable data needed for vaccine assessment. The blockade assays were used to test a panel of human clinical samples taken before and after vaccination with the Takeda TAK-214 norovirus vaccine. Great variability was evident in the repertoire of blocking antibody responses prevaccination and postvaccination among individuals. Following vaccination with TAK-214, blocking antibody levels were enhanced across a wide spectrum of different genotypes. The results indicate that adults may have multiple exposures to norovirus and that the magnitude and breadth of the complex preexisting antibody response can be boosted and expanded by vaccination.

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