scholarly journals Trend and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in molluscanVibriospecies sourced to Canadian estuaries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Banerjee ◽  
Jeffrey M. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Health

ABSTRACTEmergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne bacteria is a growing concern worldwide. AMR surveillance is a key element in understanding the implications resulting from the use of antibiotics for therapeutic as well as prophylactic needs. The emergence and spread of AMR in foodborne human pathogens is an indirect health hazard. This surveillance study reports the trend and pattern of AMR detected inVibriospecies isolated from molluscs harvested in Canada, between 2006 and 2012, against 19 commonly used antibiotics. Five common antibiotics, ampicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, kanamycin and streptomycin, predominantly contributed to AMR including multi-drug resistance (MDR) in the molluscanVibriospp. isolated in 2006. A prospective follow-up analysis of these drugs showed a declining trend in the frequency of MDR/AMR-Vibriospp. in subsequent years until 2012. The observed decline appears to have been influenced by the specific downturn in resistance to the aminoglycosides, kanamycin and streptomycin. Frequently observed MDR/AMR-Vibriospp. in seafood is a potential health concern associated with seafood consumption. Our surveillance study provided an indication of the antibiotics that challenged the marine bacteria, sourced to Canadian estuaries, during and/or prior to the study period.

scholarly journals Trend and Pattern of Antimicrobial Resistance in MolluscanVibrioSpecies Sourced to Canadian Estuaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Banerjee ◽  
Jeffrey M. Farber
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne bacteria is a growing concern worldwide. AMR surveillance is a key element in understanding the implications resulting from the use of antibiotics for therapeutic as well as prophylactic needs. The emergence and spread of AMR in foodborne human pathogens are indirect health hazards. This surveillance study reports the trend and pattern of AMR detected inVibriospecies isolated from molluscs harvested in Canada between 2006 and 2012 against 19 commonly used antibiotics. Five common antibiotics, ampicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, predominantly contributed to AMR, including multidrug resistance (MDR) in the molluscanVibriospp. isolated in 2006. A prospective follow-up analysis of these drugs showed a declining trend in the frequency of MDR/AMRVibriospp. in subsequent years until 2012. The observed decline appears to have been influenced by the specific downturn in resistance to the aminoglycosides, kanamycin, and streptomycin. Frequently observed MDR/AMRVibriospp. in seafood is a potential health concern associated with seafood consumption. Our surveillance study provides an indication of the antibiotics that challenged the marine bacteria, sourced to Canadian estuaries, during and/or prior to the study period.

Distribution of TET, AAC and CTX-M Genes among Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Poultry under Various Farming System of A and N Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Sunder ◽  
T. Sujatha ◽  
S. Bhowmick ◽  
S.C. Mayuri ◽  
A.K. De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
E Coli

Background: Transmission of antibiotic resistance from animal food chain to human through animal food-borne pathogens have led to increased public concern. Wider surveillance on prevalence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli will provide information on evolution of resistance in various geographical locations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from poultry under various farming system in A and N Islands and resistance genes of tet, ctx-M and aac encoding the isolates. Methods: Isolates were obtained from cloacal swabs in poultry under various farming systems and tested against major antimicrobial derivatives to study multi drug resistance. The presence of genes associated with resistance to tetracycline (tet A), ESBL (CTX-M) and Gentamycin (aac(3)-IV) were determined by PCR. Result: A total of 126 cloacal samples were analysed out of which 31.38% of the E.coli isolates from poultry under various farming systems were producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases and were multiple antimicrobial resistant. Poultry birds of commercial farms showed higher resistance levels (37.5%) than organised farms (24.76%) and desi birds (31.88%). Results indicate a high level of multi-drug resistance is emerging even in desi birds. It is suggested that an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program is needed in A and N Islands in order to detect bacterial resistance among rural poultry production as the 80 percentage of total poultry population belong to desi birds.

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Raw Chicken Meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUIXIA LI ◽  
PANPAN WANG ◽  
JIALIN ZHAO ◽  
LUHONG ZHOU ◽  
PENGFEI ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Potential Health Hazard

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the toxin gene profile and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw chicken in the People's Republic of China. In total, 289 S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin were revealed by PCR. Overall, 46.0% of the isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes. A high proportion of toxin genes were pvl (26.6%), followed by sej (12.5%), sea (9.0%), seh (8.3%), seb (6.9%), sec (6.9%), sed (4.8%), sei (3.1%), and see (2.4%). None of the isolates harbored seg, tsst-1, or exfoliative toxin genes. In total, 29 toxin gene profiles were obtained, and pvl (10.7%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by sea (5.9%), seb (4.8%), and sej (4.2%). Furthermore, 99.7% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents, and 87.2% of them displayed multidrug resistance. Resistance was most frequently observed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin (86.2% for each), followed by tetracycline (69.9%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (45.0%), and ampicillin (42.6%). None of the strains were resistant to vancomycin. This study indicates that S. aureus isolates from raw chicken harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance, which represents a potential health hazard for consumers.

scholarly journals Diverse non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars with multi-drug resistance potentials isolated from chicken faeces in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
M. Agbaje ◽  
B. Awosile ◽  
O.O. Kehinde ◽  
E.O. Omoshaba ◽  
M.A. Dipeolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

This study was carried out in selected poultry farms to determine the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella serovars in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria. A total of 200 faecal samples were aseptically collected from the four geographical zones of Ogun State, Nigeria. Seventy-eight Salmonella isolates spread across 39 serovars and representing a prevalence of 39% was recovered. Salmonella Urbana (n=7), Salmonella Kingston (n=6) and Salmonella Agama (n=5) serovars were more commonly isolated. Resistance was most common to ciprofloxacin (29.5%; n=23/78). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 15.4% (n=12/78) of the isolates spread across 7 serovars: S. Kentucky, S. Telelkebir, S. Virchow, S. Blockley, S. Chomedey, S. Haifa, and S. Isangi. The study showed the diversity of Salmonella serovars and the increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus spp from Chicken, Litter and Humans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fufa Abunna ◽  
Biyanasa Adugna ◽  
Takele Beyene Tufa ◽  
Dinka Ayana ◽  
Fanta D. Gutema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Chicken Farm ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Abstract Background: In veterinary medicine, three Staphylococcus species are of particular importance as a primary cause of specific diseases; S. aureus (mastitis in ruminants, equine botryomycosis and bumble foot in poultry), S. hycus (porcine exudative epidermitis) and S. intermedius (canine pyoderma). The disease conditions caused by Staphylococcus in poultry vary with the site, the route and predisposing factors include wounds as a result of fighting/cannibalism, immunosuppression based on virus infections or parasite infestations, and bad husbandry conditions (overcrowding). Besides their role as colonizer or pathogen in different hosts, Staphylococcus, which colonizes food-producing animals, can contaminate carcasses during slaughter and play a role as contaminant in the subsequent manufacturing process in food of animal origin, such as pork, beef, veal, milk, poultry meat or poultry meat products Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on apparently healthy chicken, farm personnel and litter at chicken farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 2015 to May 2015. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Staphylococcus spp from chicken, litter and personnel at chicken farm; and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. A total of 222 samples consisting of 101 cloacal swabs, 90 tracheal swabs, 17 pooled litter swabs, 7 nasal swabs and 7 pooled hands and boot swabs were collected from six farms and examined for the presence of Staphylococcus species and antimicrobial resistance against 10 antimicrobial agents following recommended standard procedures. Results: The result showed that the overall proportion of Staphylococcus was 64/222 (28.83%). Of the isolates 40/64 (62.5%), 11/64 (17.2%), 3/64 (4.7%) and 10/64 (15.6%), were S. aureus, S. hycus, S. intermedius and CNS, respectively. Only one isolate of S. aureus was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested Of the 10 antibiotics tested, Penicillin G showed the highest (96.9%) resistance followed by Tetracycline (78.1%), Amoxicillin and Erythromycin at the same level (65.6%). Conversely, Ciprofloxacin showed the highest susceptibility (95.3%) followed by Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (85.9%). Out of 64 isolates, 61/64 (95.3%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials tested. Of the isolates, 38/40 (95%) S. aureus, 10/11 (90.9%) S. hycus, 3/3 (100%) S. intermedius and 10/10(100%) CNS showed multi drug resistance (to three or more antimicrobials). Conclusion: This study showed considerable proportion of Staphylococcus spp in chicken, litter and farm workers with a potential source of resistant Staphylococcus species more importantly multi drug resistance strains. Further study on molecular characterization of the isolates will be essential to identify the resistant genes and establish epidemiological link in the transmission dynamics of resistant Staphylococcus species between poultry and humans.

scholarly journals Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Poultry Shows a Novel Resistance Profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Bassi das Neves ◽  
Lenita Moura Stefani ◽  
Eduarda Pick ◽  
Denise Nunes Araujo ◽  
Jéssica Giuriatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Field Samples

Background: The development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a serious public health issue worldwide. Salmonella spp. is considered a leader cause of gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans, and poultry products have been reported as an important reservoir of the bacterium. S. Heidelberg became lately one of the most prevalent serovars found in several countries. However, hardly any information is available about the epidemiology and the resistance profile of it. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of S. Heidelberg (SH) and to compare to S. Enteritidis (SE) and S. Typhimurium (ST) isolated from the Southern part of Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 162 Salmonella isolates of poultry origin serotyped as SH (54), SE (54), and ST (54) were submitted to the disk-diffusion test with disks containing 10 antibiotics of 7 different classes, routinely used in veterinary and human medicine such as: enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. In addition, the Multi-drug Resistance Pattern (MDRP) and the Multiple-Drug Resistance Index (MDRI) were determined. The Chi-square (χ2) test with 1% of significance level was used to statistically evaluate the results. All isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The majority of the isolates were resistant to the quinolone class (68%), more specifically to nalidixic acid, which is considered a synthetic quinolone, followed by penicillin (47%) and cephalosporin (16%). Overall, SH isolates showed higher resistance compared to ST and SE (18, 16.5, and 9.6%, respectively). SH isolated from field samples, mainly drag swabs, showed higher resistance levels (24.2%) than those isolated from slaughterhouses (5.6%). SH showed the highest percentage of resistance to ceftiofur (31.5%), ceftriaxone (9.3%), and tetracycline (64.8%) in comparison to the other two serotypes. Most of the SH isolates were resistant to at least two (66.7%), three or more antibiotics (33.3%). A different scenario was observed for ST and SE, where 25.9 and 9.3% were susceptible to at least one drug, respectively. The most common pattern of resistance (MDRP) was C (gentamicin - nalidixic acid - tetracycline) for 14 SH isolates, and A (ceftiofur - nalidixic acid - tetracycline) for 12 SH isolates. MDRI indicated that 22.8% of all isolates were multidrug resistant. SH was the isolate with the largest variety of resistance patterns compared to ST and SE, where 11.7% of the isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics. In addition, SH showed the greatest MDRI (0.25) ranging from 0.2 to 0.5.Discussion: SH was resistant to almost all antibiotics tested and showed multi-drug resistant profile, therefores, it showed a potential for horizontal transmission of resistance genes. Additionally, SH showed a higher resistance profile for ceftiofur, an important antibiotic used in poultry, which can cross-resist to ceftriaxone, commonly used to treat salmonellosis in children. Our results showed that SH is a real challenge regarding antimicrobial resistance. This scenario leads to the need for rational and judicious use of antimicrobials in poultry and, as an alert to the medical community.

Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Sponges Associated some Marine Bacterial Metabolites Against Multi Drug Resistance Human Pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
S. Manikandan ◽  
S. Ganesapand ◽  
N. Sangeetha ◽  
A.K. Kumaraguru
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites

scholarly journals Re-Emergence of Salmonellosis in Hog Farms: Outbreak and Bacteriological Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Mariana Meneguzzi ◽  
Caroline Pissetti ◽  
Raquel Rebelatto ◽  
Julian Trachsel ◽  
Suzana Satomi Kuchiishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Clonal Group ◽  
Hog Farms

Clinical salmonellosis has been increasing significantly in Brazil in recent years. A total of 130 outbreaks distributed among 10 swine-producing states were investigated. One representative Salmonella isolate from each outbreak was characterized through serotyping, antimicrobial resistance profiles, PFGE, and WGS. From 130 outbreaks: 50 were enteric, 48 were septicemic, 17 cases were characterized as hepato-biliary invasive, 13 as nodal and two were not classified. The most prevalent serovars were a monophasic variant of S. typhimurium (55/130), Choleraesuis (46/130), and Typhimurium (14/130). Most of the strains (86.92%) demonstrated a high rate of multi-drug resistance. The identification of a major Choleraesuis clonal group in several Brazilian states sharing the same resistance genes suggested that these strains were closely related. Six strains from this clonal group were sequenced, revealing the same ST-145 and 11 to 47 different SNPs. The detected plasmid type showed multiple marker genes as RepA_1_pKPC-CAV1321, the first to be reported in Salmonella. All AMR genes detected in the genomes were likely present on plasmids, and their phenotype was related to genotypic resistance genes. These findings reveal that salmonellosis is endemic in the most important pig-producing states in Brazil, emphasizing the need to make data available to aid in reducing its occurrence.

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