scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors profile of seropositiveToxoplasmosis gondiiinfection among apparently immunocompetent Sudanese women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madinna Mustafa ◽  
Fatima Fathy ◽  
Abubaker Mirghani ◽  
Mona A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed S. Muneer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

AbstractObjectivesToxoplasma gondiiis an opportunistic parasite that cause a clinical manifestation known as toxoplasmosis. We investigated the prevalence and potential risk factors ofT. gondiiinfection among women in Khartoum, Sudan. A sero-parasitological cross-sectional study included 100 women aging between 15-50 years old was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan between January – November 2018. Serum samples were collected and investigated for presence of anti-T. gondiiimmunoglobulins.ResultsMean age of the women population included was 26.75±8.25 with a range between 15 and 50 years. Sero-prevalence ofT. gondiiantibodies was 27% (27/100) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 18.6 – 36.8%. Among seropositive population 81% (22/27), 15% (4/27) and 4% (1/27) were seropositive for IgG antibodies, IgM antibodies and both antibodies respectively. Age group 21-30 years old had the highest frequency of detected IgG (10/45) and IgM (3/45). Married women had the highest frequency of detected IgG or IgM, 18/79 and 3/79, respectively. Risk factors analysis showed a total of 37/100 participants were having direct contact with cats and 66/100 have a frequent raw meat consumption, neither direct cats contact nor raw meat consumption had statistically significant association with seropositivity to T. gondii (P. value =0.052 and 0.565, respectively).

Prevalence and potential risk factors associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Fateh ◽  
Adel El-Gohary ◽  
Mona Elsayed ◽  
Fatma El-Gohary
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: A cross sectional study was conducted between June 2017 and August 2018 in around Dakahlia governorate to identify Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Cross sectional study Animals and samples: 130 dairy cattle (744 samples) and 181 environmental samples (36 bedding, 37 bulk tank milk BTM, 27 feed troughs, 27 water troughs, 27 milk linear and 27 worker’s nasal swabs), with a total of 925 samples were studied. Procedures: Three hundred and seventy-two quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations and California mastitis test. In addition, bacteriological isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were carried on the above milk samples of above mentioned quarters, teat swabs and environmental samples. Results: The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA was 59.4 and 22.4, respectively. The MRSA were more prevalent in mastitic quarter (X2 = 31.146, P-value = 0.000), Holstein Friesian breed (P-value = 0.021), Old aged dairy cattle (>8 years) (P-value = 0.000), Multiparous cows (P-value = 0.000), large herd size (>=2000) (P-value = 0.000). Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present result indicates that MRSA is a major cause of mastitis in dairy farms at northern Egypt, where one of the key elements for controlling its spreading depends mainly on determining its potential risk factors responsible for its existence.

scholarly journals Impact of domestic violence against pregnant women in Minia governorate, Egypt: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham Elkhateeb ◽  
Ayman Abdelmeged ◽  
Samar Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Mahran ◽  
Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Domestic violence is a common problem that is related to many serious short-term and long-term health hazards around the world. Methods During obtaining the medical history from the participants, the questions used to assess the abuse were derived from the widely used Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS). Potential risk factors including a variety of socio-demographic and reproductive health-relation indicators were assessed. The influence of violence on the pregnancy outcome was determined by the continuous follow-up till giving birth. Results 513 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of violence among them was 50.8%. The prevalence of physical, sexual, verbal, and emotional abuse was 30.2, 20, 41.7, and 45.4% respectively. Exposure to violence during pregnancy had significant effects on the women and their pregnancy outcome in the form of development of vaginal infection (P-value =0.036), vaginal bleeding (P-value = 0.008), preterm labour (P-value = 0.003), premature rupture of membrane (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion Violence against pregnant women in Minia Governorate, Egypt is common especially emotional violence and it has many adverse effects on the women and their pregnancy outcome. One of the most important risk factors is the fear of the husband which makes violence a continuous vicious circle.

scholarly journals Risk Factor Assessment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Rural Community of People with Gastritis: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Suresh Jaiswal ◽  
Bishnu Raj Tiwari ◽  
Dinesh C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
H Pylori

Aim: The purpose of this study was to detect the incidence and risk factors of H. Pylori infections in patients with gastritis. Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Mahagadhimai-5, Province 2 in a rural setting of Nepal from November 2019 to March 2020. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from the gastritis patients and were subjected to detection of the H. pylori stool antigen following the procedures recommended by the manufacturer. A questionnaire was completed by the investigators with the cooperation of each participant for the potential risk factors as designed and completed. Results: Out of 150 participants, 82 (54.7%) were female and 68 (45.3%) were male participants. Out of 150 participants, 32.7% (49) were positive for H. pylori antigen. No significant association was seen with sex, age group while others did not show significant relation with socio-demography. Association of food habits with H. pylori antigen has significant association with smoking habits with P-value 0.049 OR 0.518 at 95% CI (0.249- 1.080) while others did not show significant relation. Conclusions: Nearly one-third of the population was infected with H. pylori in Mahagadhimai-5, Province 2. The socio-demographic profiles, socio-economic factors and lifestyle are worth taking into consideration to prevent diseases associated with H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Serologic investigation of exposure to influenza A virus H3N2 infection in dogs and cats in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Gutman ◽  
Lynn F. Guptill ◽  
George E. Moore ◽  
Roman M. Pogranichniy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Canine Influenza

We investigated, in a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of antibodies against canine influenza A virus (CIV) H3N2 in serum samples collected from dogs and cats using a commercial ELISA and a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples were obtained from 519 cats and dogs from 13 states within the United States. Data were analyzed for potential risk factors with positive sera (vs. negative sera) by logistic regression. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by exponentiation of the regression coefficients. Ten dogs (2.21%; 95% CI: 1.05–3.98%) and 6 cats (8.96%; 95% CI: 3.36–18.48%) tested seropositive for CIV H3N2 by HI. One feline sample (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.04–8.04%) and 16 canine samples (3.53%; 95% CI: 2.01–5.61%) tested seropositive by ELISA for influenza A virus. There were no apparent associations between seropositivity and putative risk factors. All positive animals were from Indiana or Illinois; however, CIV H3N2 seroprevalence was not common in Illinois and Indiana.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molhima M. Elmahi ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Abdel Rahim E. Karrar ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids. The clinical reaction of camels to infection is usually not apparent. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade and high mortality and morbidity rates associated with bluetongue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire survey was conducted during 2015–2016. A total of 210 serum samples were collected randomly from camels from 8 localities of Kassala State. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results Seropositivity to BTV IgG was detected in 165 of 210 camels’ sera accounting for a prevalence of 78.6%. Potential risk factors to BTV infection were associated with sex (OR = 0.061, p-value = 0.001) and seasonal river as water source for drinking (OR = 32.257, p-value = 0.0108). Conclusions Sex and seasonal river as water source for drinking were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to BTV in camels. The high prevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, necessitates further epidemiological studies of BTV infection in camels and other ruminant species to better be able to control BT disease in this region.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Akinbodewa ◽  
O.A. Adejumo ◽  
A. Ogunleye ◽  
T.T. Oluwafemi ◽  
O.A. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa. Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects. Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05. Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818). Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association  to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Trichinella spiralis Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Radu Pavel ◽  
Sorin Ursoniu ◽  
Ana Alexandra Paduraru ◽  
Rodica Lighezan ◽  
Maria Alina Lupu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trichinella Infection ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Western Romania

Background and Objectives: Trichinellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal human disease, is a foodborne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Humans are infected with Trichinella larvae through the ingestion of meat that has not been properly cooked. Romania reported most of the confirmed cases of trichinellosis among the EU countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, for the first time, the seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichinella infection in blood donors from Western Romania. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 1347 consecutive blood donors were investigated using an immunoenzymaticassay (ELISA) for the determination of specific IgG class antibodies against T.spiralis. A questionnaire interview was used to obtain information regarding the potential risk factors associated with T. spiralis infection. Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test or the Fisher exact two-tailed test, as appropriate, were used for comparison between T. spiralis positive and T. spiralis negative blood donors. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between means in studied groups and body mass index was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info Version 7.2 and Stata 16.1. Results: T. spiralis IgG antibodies were detected in 2.00% (27) of 1347 consecutive blood donors. Eating raw and/or undercooked meat, from pigs or wild boars, was found to be the main risk factor (p < 0.001). Strong alcoholic drink consumption was highly associated with T. spiralis infection (p = 0.009). Trichinella seroprevalence was higher among rural residents and males. Subjects identified as Trichinella seropositive were not previously diagnosed and have not been treated for Trichinella infection with any specific therapy. Conclusions: The demonstration of T. spiralis antibodies in healthy blood donors suggests that Trichinella infection may be detected in asymptomatic individuals that were not previously diagnosed with this zoonosis.

scholarly journals Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kh. Mohammed Almaawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Variables

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4±36.5 & 92.2±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries. Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.

scholarly journals Pattern analysis of S. haematobium infection and elimination in the area of Alsuki, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Rawia A. Abdelshafie ◽  
Abdalla I. Abdalla Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the current conditions of children of the selected area, for the purpose of measuring the new effective health program for schistosomiasis disease eliminations and obtain the prevalence intensity and risk factors of S. haematobium among school children in the study area.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to screen school going children of all the ages from five randomly selected schools from Alsuki region. A statistical analysis derived from data formulated based on 1062 samples aged between 6 and 15 years attending the selected schools during the period testing within 6 months were enrolled.Results: The impact of health awareness program was measured usefully and the responded factor for reducing the Schistosomiasis diseases was significantly became less than (0.05). Therefore, the actual qualified fitting degree and applicability was significantly becoming (p value=0.001).Conclusions: This research concluded that the prediction of Schistosomiasis diseases due to the risk Ratio of the collected data for those who did not attended awareness over the people who attended program became (0.248).

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