Effect of environmental factors on electrochemical corrosion of galvanized steel wires for bridge cables

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Li ◽  
Changqing Miao ◽  
Tinghua Wei
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the electrochemical corrosion rate of galvanized steel wires for bridge cables. Design/methodology/approach The electrochemical corrosion test and response surface analysis of galvanized steel wires were carried out, and the variety of polarization curves of galvanized steel wires under different corrosion parameters was discussed. The expression of corrosion rate of galvanized steel wires under the action of single and multi-factor coupling was established. Findings The polarization curves of galvanized steel wires under different Cl- concentrations, pH value and temperature were basically similar, but all show different degrees of deviation and some anodic polarization curves had inflection points. For example, when the Cl- concentration reached 3.5%, the corrosion rate of galvanized steel wire was four times that of pure water. Originality/value The influence relationship of single and multi-factor coupling on the corrosion rate of galvanized steel wires was as follows: RCl > RT * Cl > RT > RpH > RpH * T > RpH * Cl.

Corrosion behaviors of X70 steel under direct current interference

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zili Li ◽  
Gan Cui ◽  
JianGuo Liu ◽  
Chuanping Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion behaviors of X70 steel under direct current (DC) interference at 0-1,200 A/m2 in simulated soil solution. Design/methodology/approach The Tafel polarization curves of X70 steel under DC interference were tested using electrochemical method, the corrosion rate was calculated using weight-loss method and the change in steel surface was analyzed by optical microscopy. Findings The results showed that E-I polarization curves under 200-1,200 A/m2 interference were linear; with an increase in the DC density, the corrosion potential of X70 steel shifted positively, solution pH after the weight-loss tests increased and corrosion rate increased linearly. A mathematical relationship between polarization resistance Rp and current density was established. Corrosion morphology indicated that pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion occurred on the X70 steel under DC interference in simulated soil solution. Originality/value All tests were conducted at a relative higher DC density (200-1,200 A/m2). The linear fitting method is proposed to fit data of Tafel polarization curves under DC interference. This study provides guidelines for safe operation of X70 steel pipelines.

scholarly journals Changes in Water Chemistry as a Result of Rainfall Runoff from the Roofs of Various Coatings. Part I / Kształtowanie Się Chemizmu Wód Opadowych W Wyniku Spływu Z Dachów O Różnych Pokryciach. Część I

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Marcin Niemiec
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Significant Enrichment

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the level of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium in the waters flowing from the roofs of houses with varying degrees of coverage on the background of their contents in rain waters. On the basis of the Minister of Environment Decree of 24 July 2006 on conditions to be met for the introduction of sewage into the water or ground and on substances particularly harmful to the aquatic environment, runoff from paved areas shall be treated as sewage, and runoff from roofs of buildings are treated as pure water and can be discharged into the environment without a permit. However, literature data indicate the possibility of a significant enrichment of rainwater at the time of contact with the roof covering. The study included 24 roofs of houses or small trade buildings. As background to the research used rainwater collected in two randomly selected locations within the area of research. The study was conducted in areas with low human impact, in order to best capture the effect of the type of roofing material on the formation of water chemistry. Research area was located in the Luslawice in the Tarnow county in Malopolska province. The study included the most common roofs in the surveyed area: cement tile, ceramic tile, bituminous, unpainted galvanized metal, copper and asbestos cement. The tested water samples to determine the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium. In addition, it was determined the pH value of water and electrolytic conductivity. The results of this study indicate that the water runs off the roofs of respondents in each case contained a greater quantity of the analyzed elements in comparison with rainwater. For example, while the average content of magnesium in the water flowing from the tile cement was almost ten times higher than in rain water, in the case of tile ceramic was almost five times more water from the bituminous coverings contained about three times more magnesium, and water from the galvanized metal contained about six times more as compared with rainwater. Also in the case of most other elements enrichment factors found in the waters cover the cement (tile, and asbestos cement) then galvanized and coated while the lowest were recorded in the enrichment of waters from the roofs of the covering of ceramic tiles. Also noted an increase in the conductivity values in waters from the roofs of the coverings of cement, galvanized steel and ceramic tiles. All runoff from the roofs were of generally higher pH value compared with rainwater, the biggest reaction - about 8 found in the water with cement tiles, slightly lower, about 7.0 in water from roofs with ceramic tiles and sheet copper. pH of the water in the coated sheet was lower than in water, rainwater and oscillating within 5.5. Rainwater pH was 5.94.

Influence of Carbon Content on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-high Strength of Coated Steel Wire

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho Myung Hyun ◽  
Suhaimi Salleh ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad ◽  
Ali Ourdjini ◽  
Esah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Torsion Deformation

Ultra-high strength of steel wire for offshore mooring lines can be achieved by increasing carbon content, addition of alloying elements and increasing cold work. The influence of carbon content and zinc coating on the tensile strength and torsion deformation have been investigated for drawn and hot dip galvanized steel wires at various drawing strain. In this work, experiments were conducted to increase the tensile strength of hyper-eutectoid steel wires by increasing carbon content from 0.87%wt to 0.98%wt. The samples with various diameter was drawn to their final diameter, then hot dip galvanized at 460ᵒC in a zinc bath to improve the anti-corrosion property. Torsion deformation has been investigated by twisting the drawn steel wires to different number of revolutions. Fractured samples after torsion test were analysed by optical and Field Emision Scaning Electron Microscope. The results showed that by increasing carbon content up to 0.98%wt (sample D) at drawing strain of 1.97 greatly increased the tensile strength up to 2338 MPa. However, delamination occurred at the zinc coating layer at strength exceeding 2250 MPa and the maximum limit of tensile strength of 0.92% C (sample D) is 2026 MPa without delamination. The effect of zinc coating layer on torsion degradation also revealed that the zinc alloy layer had a significant effect on delamination in the hot dip coating which associated with the higher carbon and silicon content (sample B) in the steel wires.

Fretting Corrosion Wear Behaviors of Steel Wires in Hoisting Ropes in Alkaline Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 1014-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Liu ◽  
De Kun Zhang ◽  
Shou Fan Cao ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Xing Hui Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Corrosion Wear ◽  
Fretting Corrosion ◽  
Steel Wires

In this paper, the fretting corrosion wear behaviors of steel wires were researched when the wires were lubricated with alkaline solution. Then, the wear mechanism was analyzed. Results showed that the friction coefficients of wires lubricated with alkaline solution were little influenced by the loads, while greatly affected by the electrochemical corrosion existing on the surfaces of the friction pairs. The shape of most of the fretting wear debris was tuberous or near spherical which owns smooth edges. This kind of wear debris was beneficial to reduce the fretting wear of steel wires. The depth of wear scar, used to evaluate the fretting corrosion wear of the steel wires, was increased with the increase of load. In addition, the wear depth of the wire lubricated with alkaline solution was not only less than which obtained in dry friction condition, but also less than which lubricated with deionized water and acid solution. Analysis showed that the corrosion solution played an important part in the fretting corrosion wear. And the effect of corrosion solution to the wear was stronger than which to the corrosion of steel wire materials.

The electrochemical behavior of corrosion and passivation for Q235 carbon steel in acidic phosphate buffer solutions without and with NO2−

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-481
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Hu ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Fuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anodic Passivation ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanism of nitrite (NO2−) for the surface passivation of carbon steels in acidic environments through investigating the influences of 0.01 mol/L NaNO2 addition on the corrosion and passivation behaviors of Q235 carbon steel in acidic phosphate buffer (APB) solutions (pH 2 to 6). Design/methodology/approach The electrochemical techniques including open circle potential evolution, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were applied. Findings In APB solutions without NO2−, the Q235 steel presented the electrochemical behaviors of activation (A), activation-passivation-transpassivation and self-passivation-transpassivation at pH 2 to 4, pH 5 and pH 6, respectively; the corrosion rate decreased with the up of pH value, and the surface passivation occurred in the pH 5 and pH 6 solutions only: the anodic passivation at pH 5 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 6. Originality/value In APB solutions without NO2−, the corrosion rate decreased with the up of pH value, and the surface passivation occurred in the pH 5 and pH 6 solutions only: the anodic passivation at pH 5 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 6. With the addition of 0.01 mol/L NaNO2, into APB solutions, the variation of corrosion rate showed the same rule, but the surface passivation occurred over the whole acidic pH range, including the anodic passivation at pH 2 to 4 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 5 to 6.

Temperature Effect on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Growth and Its Presence on Corrosion of Steel Wire Rope

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Nurhaziqah Hasim ◽  
Nur Syuhada Azmi ◽  
Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Adibah Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Corrosion Pitting ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Bacterial can initiate, accelerate, and/or inhibit corrosion processes through a number of different ways, including modification of the localized environment at the metal/solution interface by causing pitting attack. In this work, the effect of temperature on bacteria (P.Aeruginosa sp) growth will be investigated the nature of bacteria before further investigated its corrosion effect on steel wire rope. It is found that the bacteria grew actively at 30°C. The pH value was also changed from 7 to 8. The corrosion rate with the presence of bacteria has been found increased from 9.95 x 10-7 mdy to 4.884 x 10-5 mdy. While corrosion pitting is found directly proportional to the bacterial activity.

Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen in Dynamic Control Umbilicals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Olsen ◽  
Kay André Hansen-Zahl ◽  
Stian Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Section Analysis

By combination of elements like hydraulic tubes, electrical and optical signal cables and electrical power cables, umbilicals provide remote control of subsea oil and gas wells. For extra tensile strength and outer protection the umbilicals may be armoured by galvanized steel wires. Dynamic umbilicals are terminated at offshore platforms or vessels. They are exposed to tension and bending variations caused by waves and vessel motions. As such a project specific analysis is normally required to verify that a given dynamic umbilical design with all its elements is able to withstand a service life of typically 20–30 years [5]. Understanding how forces are transmitted between the elements in an umbilical is vital for correct calculation of a dynamic umbilical design life. Cross section analysis is therefore performed by a finite element method program specially designed for this purpose. This software takes into account all effects in an umbilical cross section, including friction between elements. For solid elements, commonly known friction factors may be applied. However, for the steel wire armour which is corrosion protected by bitumen, the friction factors may not be valid. The force transmission between the steel wires may not be governed by friction but by the viscoelastic properties of bitumen. In such a case the transition force is not only a function of contact pressure but also of sliding velocity and dimensions. A project was therefore initiated with the aim of describing such force transmission between bitumen and steel wires for typical umbilical conditions. Material testing has included characterization by a controlled stress rheometer and cyclic tensile testing at various temperatures, speeds and geometries. On basis of these tests, a calculation model describing the mechanical behavior of bitumen in cyclic movement is suggested. This model may later be implemented in the umbilical cross section analysis program.

scholarly journals Effects of Contact Load and Torsion Angle on Crack Propagation Behaviors of Inclined Crossed Steel Wires during Tension–Torsion Fretting Fatigue in Acid Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10529
Author(s):  
Dagang Wang ◽  
Daozhu Song ◽  
Magd Abdel Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Contact Load ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Steel Wires

The hoisting rope in the kilometer-deep coal mine exhibits the tension–torsion fretting fatigue behaviors of inclined crossed steel wires in acid solution. Distinct contact load and torsion angles of steel wires in the rope cause different crack propagation behaviors, which greatly affect the fatigue lives of steel wires. Therefore, the effects of contact load and torsion angle on the crack propagation behaviors of inclined crossed steel wires during tension–torsion fretting fatigue in acid solution were investigated in the present study. The three-dimensional X-ray tomographic micro-imaging system was used to reveal evolutions of crack profiles and crack propagation depths during the test. The evolution of friction coefficient between steel wires during the test is presented. The three-dimensional white light interference microscope, electrochemical analyzer, and scanning electron microscope were employed to investigate the wear depth profiles, Tafel polarization curves and impedance spectra, and wear scar morphologies, respectively, of steel wires. Effects of contact load and torsion angle on crack propagation behaviors of inclined crossed steel wires during the tests were explored through analyses of friction and wear mechanisms and electrochemical corrosion damage. The results show that as the contact load and torsion angle increase, the crack propagation depth and rate of steel wire both increase and the fatigue life of steel wire decreases. Those are mainly attributed to the increases in the average tangential force between steel wires, wear depth, electrochemical corrosion tendency, and surface damage of steel wire as well as the decrease in corrosion resistance.

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