Social, Environmental and Biological Determinants of Cerebral Palsy in Children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in India

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a global public health problem affecting 2.12 to 2.45 per 1000 live birth across the world. Cerebral palsy is an upper motor neuron, non-progressive disorder commonly associated with intellectual disability. The presence of cerebral palsy effects person’s overall life. Objectives This study primarily sought predictive capacity of social, environmental and biological determinants of CP in ID. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study design. A total of 262 children, aged 3 to 18 years, with ID were assessed for cerebral palsy and diagnosed on basis of clinical examination in a community based rehabilitation project in Barwani, India. Information was collected by parent interviews, on social, environmental and biological determinants. A logistic regression model has been applied between determinants and CP. Results Logistic regression demonstrated that likelihood of CP in ID children can be predicted on bases of their age (odd ratio = 0.856, CI 95% - 0.76-0.95), intelligence quotients (IQ) (odd ratio = 0.782, CI 95% - 0.73-0.83) and family history of intellectual disabilities (odd ratio = 0.051, CI 95% - 2.36 -0.99) and epilepsy (odd ratio = 0.008, CI 95% - 2.58-1.28). Comorbid conditions of downs syndrome and epilepsy also predicts likelihood of CP in ID. Conclusion Likelihood of CP in ID children can be predicted by their age, IQ, family history of intellectual disability, epilepsy and comorbid conditions of downs syndrome and epilepsy. Gender, socio-economic status and population (tribal versus non-tribal) determinants have no predictive relation with CP in the group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i3.9187 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2013;3(3): 262-268

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Correlation between Restless Leg Syndrome and Superficial Venous Reflux

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. Dezube ◽

Jake Rauh ◽

Michael Dezube ◽

Mark Iafrati ◽

JoAnn Rigo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Restless Leg Syndrome ◽

Venous Reflux ◽

Common Cause ◽

History Of ◽

Prospective Trials

AbstractRestless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common cause of lower extremity discomfort. We hypothesized that patients with RLS symptoms have higher rates of deep and superficial venous reflux (SVR). Retrospective review of patients ≥18 years of age evaluated in a venous center from December 2018 to February 2019. Differences in rates of RLS symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, and clinical and radiologic presence of venous disease were analyzed. Overall, 207 patients were analyzed; 140 (67.6%) reported RLS symptoms (n = 25 with prior RLS diagnosis). RLS symptoms were more common with superficial or combined superficial and deep venous reflux (DVR) compared with those without reflux (p < 0.001). Patients with RLS symptoms as opposed to those without had similar demographics and comorbidities (all p > 0.05) but increased rates of venous pain, phlebitis, family history of venous disease, lower extremity swelling and SVR, and combined SVR and DVR (all p < 0.05). Our multivariable logistic regression found presence of SVR, and family history of venous reflux was associated with RLS symptomatology (all p < 0.001). Ninety-nine patients with RLS underwent ablation; of them, 93 had duplex-proven reflux resolution of which 81 (87%) reported RLS symptom improvement. This included 13 of 16 (81.3%) with prior RLS diagnosis. SVR is associated with increased rates of RLS symptoms in a vein center population. Therefore, RLS symptoms should trigger a targeted venous evaluation. Our results suggest that venous ablation may lead to resolution of RLS symptoms in patients with SVR, but randomized prospective trials with strict RLS definition criteria are warranted to confirm these outcomes.

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Predictors of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children: results from penalized logistic regression analyses in the ABCD study

10.1101/2021.02.15.21251736 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura S. van Velzen ◽

Yara J. Toenders ◽

Aina Avila-Parcet ◽

Richard Dinga ◽

Jill A. Rabinowitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Healthy Control ◽

History Of ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Penalized Logistic Regression

AbstractDespite numerous efforts to predict suicide risk in children, the ability to reliably identify youth that will engage in suicide thoughts or behaviors (STB) has remained remarkably unsuccessful. To further knowledge in this area, we apply a novel machine learning approach and examine whether children with STB could be differentiated from children without STB based on a combination of sociodemographic, physical health, social environmental, clinical psychiatric, cognitive, biological and genetic characteristics. The study sample included 5,885 unrelated children (50% female, 67% white) between 9 and 11 years old from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Both parents and youth reported on children’s STB and based on these reports, we divided children into three subgroups: 1. children with current or past STB, 2. children with psychiatric disorder but no STB (clinical controls) and 3. healthy control children. We performed binomial penalized logistic regression analysis to distinguish between groups. The analyses were performed separately for child-reported STB and parent-reported STB. Results showed that we were able to distinguish the STB group from healthy controls and clinical controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) range: 0.79-0.81 and 0.70-0.78 respectively). However, we could not distinguish children with suicidal ideation from those who attempted suicide (AUROC range 0.49-0.59). Factors that differentiated the STB group from the clinical control group included family conflict, prodromal psychosis symptoms, impulsivity, depression severity and a history of mental health treatment. Future research is needed to determine if these variables prospectively predict subsequent suicidal behavior.

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Study of Risk Factors Associated with Suicide Attempt in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

Karthick Subramanian ◽

Vikas Menon ◽

Siddharth Sarkar ◽

Vigneshvar Chandrasekaran ◽

Nivedhitha Selvakumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Type I ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Suicide is the leading contributor to mortality in bipolar disorder (BD). A history of suicidal attempt is a robust predictive marker for future suicide attempts. Personality profiles and coping strategies are the areas of contemporary research in bipolar suicides apart from clinical and demographic risk factors. However, similar research in developing countries is rarer. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal attempts in BD type I (BD-I). Materials and Methods Patients with BD-I currently in clinical remission (N = 102) were recruited. Sociodemographic details and the clinical data were collected using a semistructured pro forma. The psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. The National Institute of Mental Health–Life Chart Methodology Clinician Retrospective Chart was used to chart the illness course. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form, Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire, Past Feelings and Acts of Violence, and Barratt Impulsivity scale were used to assess the patient’s stress scores, coping skills, aggression, violence, and impulsivity, respectively. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used for demographic details and characteristics of the illness course. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for lifetime suicide attempt in BD-I. Results A total of 102 patients (males = 49 and females = 53) with BD-I were included. Thirty-seven subjects (36.3%) had a history of suicide attempt. The illness course in suicide attempters more frequently had an index episode of depression, was encumbered with frequent mood episodes, especially in depression, and had a higher propensity for psychiatric comorbidities. On binary logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) for predicting a suicide attempt were highest for positive family history of suicide (OR: 13.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–145.38, p = 0.030), followed by the presence of an index depressive episode (OR: 6.88, 95% CI: 1.70–27.91, p = 0.007), and lower scores on problem-focused disengagement (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.92, p = 0.009). Conclusion BD-I patients with lifetime suicide attempt differ from non-attempters on various course-related and temperamental factors. However, an index episode depression, family history of suicide, and lower problem-focused engagement can predict lifetime suicide attempt in patients with BD-I.

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Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors, and Hypertension in a Rural Northern Thailand Population

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 870-870

Author(s):

Celina Morales ◽

Pimbucha Rusmevichientong

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

History Of

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the dietary salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adults residing in rural Northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing convenience sampling was administered in San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The one-on-one interview was conducted to assess subject's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relating to their dietary salt intake. Various food frequencies for foods high in salt were also measured. Each subject's blood pressure was measured twice before and after the interview. A logistic regression model was used in the analysis to determine potential hypertension risk factors. Results A total of 403 adults participated in the study. A majority of participants were female (73.2%), and the average age was 62.5 years old. Half of participants reported a family history of hypertension and 32% of participants were hypertensive. The major results from the logistic regression model indicated positive attitudes towards decreasing salt intake lead to a lower chance of becoming hypertensive (OR = 0.934). However, a family history of high blood pressure (OR = 1.417), a higher knowledge score about foods high in salt (OR = 1.254), daily use of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in food preparation (OR = 1.959) and buying outside food to eat at home (OR = 5.692) lead to a higher chance of becoming hypertensive. Conclusions Our findings suggest higher knowledge does not decrease the chance of becoming hypertensive. However, there is a positive association between hypertension and dietary salt-related behaviors among adults living in rural Thai communities. More specifically, salt-reduction interventions should focus on promoting home-cooked meal preparation with lower salt substitutes to MSG. Funding Sources NIMHD Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Training Program (MHRT), California State University, Fullerton (Department of Public Health) and Chiang Mai University (Department of Community Medicine).

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Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Associated Factors among Women Attending Delivery Service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi General Hospital and Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v29i1.4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Abera Gudeta ◽

Tilahun Mekonnen Regassa

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

University Teaching ◽

P Value ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Delivery Service ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

History Of

BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy induced hypertensive are a major health problem in the obstetric population as they are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess pregnancy induced hypertension and its associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Gebretsadikshawo Hospital and Tepi General Hospital.METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 01 to November 30/2016. The total sample size (422) was proportionally allocated to the three hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Variables with p-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to control cofounding. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 33(7.9%); of which 5(15.2%) were gestational hypertension, 12 (36.4%) were mild preeclampsia, 15(45.5%) were severe preeclampsia and 1 (3%) eclampsia. Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR5.25 (1.39-19.86)], kidney diseases (AOR 3.32(1.04-10.58)), having asthma [AOR 37.95(1.41-1021)] and gestational age (AOR 0.096(0.04-.23)) were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among women attending delivery service was 7.9%. Having family history of pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic kidney diseases and gestational age were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension.

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Risk Factors for Ischaemic Stroke in an Omani Community

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.4.2021.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shyam Sundar Ganguly ◽

Arunodaya R. Gujjar ◽

Hasina Al Harthi ◽

Amal Al Hashmi ◽

Sanjay Jaju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Family History ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Case Control ◽

High Density ◽

History Of

Objectives: Stroke is recognized to be the third most common cause of mortality, with increasing incidence among developing countries. Recognition and control of risk factors is of prime importance in the prevention of stroke. We aimed to study the characteristics of ischemic stroke (IS) patients in Oman, and quantify its various risk factors using a case-control model. Methods: This study conducted from January 2012 to March 2013 included 255 adult Omani patients with IS admitted to two premier hospitals in Oman, compared to 255 age- and gender-matched controls. Demographic factors and frequency of various conventional risk factors were documented. Univariate and step-wise multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors associated for IS. Results: Of the 255 cases, 63% were males. The mean age was 62.2 ± 13.2 years. Most of the cases (89%) were above 45 years of age. Cardio-embolism(32%) was the commonest mechanism of IS. The stepwise multiple logistic regression model revealed that family history of stroke was the strongest independent risk factor with odds ratio (OR) of 10.10, followed by hypertension with OR of 5.17 and high-density lipoprotein with OR 3.34 (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Cardio-embolism was the predominant mechanism of IS in this study. Family history of stroke, hypertension and reduced high-density lipoprotein were the leading independent risk factors. Strong emphasis on screening for risk factors, control of hypertension and life-style modification for those with family history of stroke, would be expected to emerge as the major stroke-preventive measures in Oman. Keywords: Ischemic stroke; Risk factors; Case-control study; Oman.

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Investigation of rs1800469 and rs1800468 Polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 Gene in Women with Pre-eclampsia

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042018000100009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Andrezza Cristina Cancian Hortolani ◽

Sarah Cristina Sato Vaz Tanaka ◽

Marina Carvalho Paschoini ◽

Marly Aparecida Spadotto Balarin

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Family History ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Allelic Discrimination ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Development Methods ◽

Tgf Β1

Abstract Objectives: to verify the contribution of polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 gene and the risk factors for the pre-eclampsia development. Methods: this is a case-control study with 257 women from the Uberaba region of Minas Gerais were selected, 88 of them were in the pre-eclampsia group and 169 in the control group. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination using the real-time PCR technique. The odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the probability of the polymorphisms studied contributing for the pre-eclampsia development. The logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relation among family recurrence, smoking, primiparity and the presence of polymorphic alleles and susceptibility of preeclampsia. Results: no association was found between polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 gene and pre-eclampsia. The logistic regression analysis was statistically significant for family recurrence, showing that women with a family history of pre-eclampsia and primiparity are at an increased risk of developing the disease. Conclusions: no association was found between polymorphisms rs1800469 and rs1800468 of the TGF-β1 and pre-eclampsia gene. Factors such as family history and primiparity were associated to the risk of developing pre-eclampsia.

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Factors Associated with the History of Attempted Suicide

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 12-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

A. Hakansson ◽

L. Bradvik ◽

F. Schlyter ◽

M. Berglund

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Family History ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Addiction Severity Index ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background: The present study examines a population of criminal justice clients for suspected substance-related problems. Aims: It aims to identify variables associated with a history of suicide attempt (SA). Method: 6,836 clients were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Attempters were compared to nonattempters regarding substance use, medical/psychiatric status, family history, and social relationships in a stepwise forward logistic regression. Results: Attempters (21%) were more likely to report binge drinking, intake of illicit drugs, injection of drugs, physical and mental illness, problematic family history, and history of being abused. After logistic regression, SA was independently associated with older age, female gender, binge drinking, delirium tremens, injection, overdose, medical problems, psychiatric symptoms, family history of alcohol or psychiatric problems, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. The psychiatric and family/social domains (including being abused) most strongly separated attempters from nonattempters. Conclusions: Family background factors, psychiatric symptoms, severity of substance use, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse appear to be factors associated with SA among criminal justice clients.

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Paradoxical lives: intellectual disability policy and practice in twentieth-century Australia

Intellectual Disability in the Twentieth Century ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447344575.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

Lee-Ann Monk

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Similar Pattern ◽

Disability Policy ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Policy History ◽

History Of ◽

People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Broad Outline

This chapter uses the history of Kew Cottages, (1887-2008), the first purpose-built institution for people with intellectual disabilities in Australia, as a lens through which to explore the history of Australian intellectual disability policy and practice. Influenced by international thinking, the broad outline of Australia’s policy history follows a similar pattern to other western countries. In the first decades of the twentieth century, in an atmosphere of anxiety about the ‘menace of the feeble-minded’, policy emphasised institutional segregation. In its last decades, policies of normalisation and deinstitutionalisation promised to return people with intellectual disabilities to the community. Yet the life stories of the Cottages’ residents recounted here reveal that in the nexus between policy and practice, the lives of people with intellectual disabilities could prove paradoxical.

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A Multicentre Preliminary Study of the Effect of Recombinant Human Interferon α1b Treatment of Infants Hospitalized with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection on Subsequent Wheezing

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56752/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lihua Yang ◽

Guocheng Zhang ◽

Chengxiu Wang ◽

Yuanbin Shi ◽

Xiaoling Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Family Environment ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Human Interferon ◽

Control Group ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background: To investigate the impact of recombinant human interferon α1b (rhIFNα1b) treatment of infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections on subsequent wheezing.Methods: The clinical data of infants in 19 hospitals with viral pneumonia, wheezy bronchitis, or bronchiolitis were retrospectively reviewed from June 2009 to June 2015 (age, gender, diagnosis, the use of rhIFNα1b when in hospital). Age at follow-up, birth weight, gestation age, childhood and family history of allergy, feeding history, family environment, and the number of wheezing episodes within the last year were obtained by telephone and questionnaires. Based on the use of rhIFNα1b in hospital, the subjects were divided into two groups: the rhIFNα1b treatment group (253 cases) and the control group (287 cases). A comparison was made between the two groups in terms of wheezing episodes within the last year. Based on the number of wheezing episodes within the last year, the subjects were divided into two groups, the wheezing group (95 cases) and the non-wheezing group (445 cases). Comparisons were made between the 2 groups in terms of age, diagnosis, the use of rhIFNα1b in hospital, gender, age at follow-up, birth weight, gestation age, childhood and family history of allergy, feeding history, and family environment. If the result of single factor comparison showed that P was <0.05, the indicators were analysed by binary logistic regression. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the prediction ability of logistic regression models.Results: (1) Of a total of 813 cases for which follow-up data were available, 273 cases were excluded because of incomplete questionnaires, a dosage of rhIFN a1 b < 1 ug/kg.d or a treatment duration < 3 days, a date in hospital beyond the scope of the follow-up, or because the patient’s age when in hospital was > 3 years old. Finally, 540 patients were included in the analysis.(2) A total of 95 (17.6%) out of 540 cases had experienced wheezing episodes within the last year; 35 (13.8%) out of 253 cases that were treated with rhIFN a1 b and 60 cases (20.9%) out of 287 cases without rhIFN a1 b treatment had wheezing episodes within the last year. The difference in wheezing episodes within the last year between the rhIFNα1b treatment group and the control group was statistically significant (P=0.031). (3)The result of single factor regression indicated that the differences between the two groups of wheezing and non-wheezing in terms of age, the use of rhIFNα1b in hospital, a childhood and family history of allergy, housing situation, and feeding history were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The result of binary logistic regression showed that a childhood history of allergy (OR=2.14, P=0.004), no use of rhIFNα1b therapy (OR=1.70, P=0.028) and living in a crowded house (OR=1.92, P=0.012) were risk factors of subsequent wheezing. Breastfeeding (OR=0.44, P=0.008) and an age of £1year old at the time of hospitalization (OR=0.58, P=0.024) were protective factors. The area under the ROC curve was 0.68, P=0.00, which indicated that the regression model had greater than medium diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Early use of rhIFNα1b treatment for infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections and breastfeeding could prevent subsequent wheezing. An atopic constitution and living in a crowded house could promote subsequent wheezing.

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