China’s food security challenge is chronic, not acute

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
High Degree

Significance Massive pig losses from African swine fever have reduced pork supplies and raised meat prices. The COVID-19 lockdown took a temporary toll on China’s internal distribution of food supplies and farm inputs. Disruption of food imports due to pandemic-related supply chain disruption remains a risk. President Xi Jinping recently warned that China must “must maintain a sense of crisis about food security”. Impacts China has achieved a very high degree of food self-sufficiency for decades; there is no reason to doubt that this will continue. The pandemic and strained China-US relations fundamentally alter the context of Beijing’s future food security strategy. China’s shift towards a protein-rich, toxin-free diet will affect imports of meat for human consumption, and corn and soya for animal feed. Labour and land pressures will mean more capital-intensive production, application of biotechnology, and scaling-up of production.

International trade and food security: conceptual discussion, WTO and the case of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Domestic Support

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept and measurements of food security under the framework of The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, explores the link between international trade and food security with an empirical investigation into the case of China, and draw policy implications in the context of WTO. Design/methodology/approach This paper elaborates the theoretical interconnection between food security and international trade and then utilize an autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate how/whether trade affects food security in China from two dimensions. Findings The authors find that international trade indeed leads China to increase its dependence on food imports, namely, it negatively affects the food security in China. Owing to the importance of food security under multilateral trade system, this paper then briefly analyzes two relevant topics of Doha Round negotiation, i.e. public stockholding for food security and special safeguard measures. It is proposed that WTO members should support the food self-sufficiency endeavors of developing countries and appropriately exempt them from rigid discipline of domestic support and market access. Originality/value This paper discusses the interaction of international trade and food security in various aspects. Empirical study shows that increasing dependence on food imports will negatively impact the food security of China. It is concluded that WTO members should support the food self-sufficiency endeavors of developing countries and appropriately exempt them from rigid discipline of domestic support and market access.

scholarly journals Role of Camel Husbandry in Food Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Ayan Orazov ◽  
Liudmila Nadtochii ◽  
Kazybay Bozymov ◽  
Mariam Muradova ◽  
Araigul Zhumayeva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
High Degree

This paper examines the problem of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past 10 years. Based on statistical data, an assessment was made of the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of the country, including children under 5 years of age. There has been a trend towards for an improvement in the nutrition of the population for a few indicators; however, further optimization of food security indicators is required to achieve the goals of sustainable development (SDGs) of the FAO WHO Agenda for the period up to 2050 in Kazakhstan and in its individual regions. The paper reflects data on demographic changes over the past 10 years and its self-sufficiency in basic foods for 2019. A high degree of self-sufficiency in meat products (117.6%) is revealed in the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, self-sufficiency in dairy products is at an extremely low level (0.1%). Camel breeding has been successfully developing in the country over the past 10 years. However, the number of camels in the country is still at a low level. Camel milk can be considered as a great source of macronutrients, its daily consumption partially facilitates the problem of Food Security in Kazakhstan.

China will push for greater self-reliance in food

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Self Reliance

Significance President Xi Jinping last year called for "a sense of crisis about food security”. Behind such statements lies an awareness of environmental threats and natural disasters, a shrinking and ageing farm labour force, shortages of water and arable land, and food waste on an enormous scale. Impacts China cannot avoid dependence on imports of animal feed as its population's demand for meat rises further. Beijing will make greater efforts to diversify foreign sources of feed imports. China is immutably locked into overseas dependence for soybeans, and potentially maize and barley, too.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands an increase in accordance with projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered to be a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water–land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million t yr−1 of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid to the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Pengaturan Impor Pangan Negara Indonesia Yang Berbasis Pada Kedaulatan Pangan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fauzin Fauzin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Domestic Products

The basic need that is needed by humans to fulfill their survival is food. Thus the basic needs in a country can be fulfilled by domestic products or foreign products which are commonly known as imports. Fulfilling this need for food is very important and strategic in order to maintain the sovereignty of the country, by not depending on food imports from developed countries. Law Number 18 of 2012 on Food, mandates the objectives of food administration, namely realizing food sovereignty, food self-sufficiency and food security. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the production and productivity of food commodities, especially strategic food in order to meet the needs of the community which are always increasing and directly proportional to the population. The method used is normative legal research.

China's grain reforms will affect global agriculture

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Price Reform ◽  
Government Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oriented Approach

Subject Grain pricing reform in China. Significance China's grain output fell for the first time in 13 years, government data showed on December 8, following the announcement in April of the abolition of price floors. China has committed to a more market-oriented approach to agricultural pricing, and is redefining its understanding of food security. Impacts Price reform of rice and wheat will be slowest, given perceived higher social costs. China will align agricultural subsidies better with WTO rules, favouring subsidies for environmentally friendly products. China will seek greater international cooperation on agriculture as it moves away from self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals URBANISATION AND THE CONCERNS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizan Marzuki ◽  
Ahmad Sahir Jais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports

Urbanization is an effect of population growth. Increasing population contributed to the expanding of urban areas as cities try to accommodate more people within a minimal landscape. Urbanization takes up valuable land, sometimes productive agricultural land that feeds the population. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the connection between urban sprawl and its impact on agricultural productivity, and ultimately whether it affects food security in Malaysia. For this qualitative exploratory review exercise, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of secondary data was employed as the base for this study. Data mining techniques were used to gather relevant literature that included archival data, academic writings, and publications. The data are then dissected, analysed, and clustered using Atlas ti 8 software, focusing on thematic analysis. Urbanisation did affect the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of Malaysian food security, especially on landintensive food products such as vegetables and livestock. Recent government initiatives such as urban farming, land use policies were promoted to reduce the differences in food imports, ensuring Malaysian food security to be at an acceptable level. Significant development of this population dense proximity has created urban sprawl beyond the city limits, taking up valuable land space. Land-use conversion from agricultural land in Malaysia has been studied regarding its adverse effects on agricultural production. Urbanization therefore does affect food security through the land conversion of agricultural lands.

Wealth creates new food-security challenges for China

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Subject China's food supply and demand. Significance China faces two food-security challenges. The first is poverty, which leaves almost one-tenth of the population still undernourished. The second is wealth, which is producing a large and growing population of increasingly affluent people demanding a more varied, protein-rich and toxin-free diet, and in many cases acquiring bad dietary habits that cause health problems. Impacts China will import more food, and acquire more farmland overseas. Direct consumption of rice and wheat will steadily decline while demand for non-staples rises, especially milk and dairy products. Sharply rising demand for meat is likely to be tempered by a government initiative to reduce meat consumption. Domestic food production will remain dominated by grain, especially cereals (rice, wheat and corn) and soya. The main burden on producers will be to provide grain for indirect purposes, above all, to supply feed for livestock.

scholarly journals Self-sufficiency of agriculture in Finland in 1970—1983

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Lauri Kettunen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Improve Food Security

This study is aimed at considering self-sufficiency and food security in Finland. Self-sufficiency of final products has been over 100 % for a long period. Only self-sufficiency of fruits and vegetables is below 100 % due to the climate. Self-sufficiency of energy, protein and fat of the diet is also examined in this article. A new indicator of total self-sufficiency is developed by dividing the total yield measured in feed units with the total feed requirement of total human consumption, measured also in feed units. According to these calculations total self-sufficiency has been from 105 % to 130%, depending on the quantity of total yield. Itis difficult to make adequate calculations of self-sufficiency of inputs, since the industry producing agricultural inputs is operating under free trade, and tries to benefit from foreign trade. Imports of energy, raw materials, machines and implements lower self-sufficiency. Some estimates are, however, given in the text. The article also discusses the attempts to improve food security by storage. Agricultural research aims to clarify how alternative cultivation methods could lessen the dependence on imports, and thus improve the food security.

Descriptive sensory analysis and consumer acceptability of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 2975-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annchen Mielmann ◽  
Carina Bothma ◽  
A Hugo ◽  
Celia J Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Overall Acceptability

Purpose – A lack of available literature exists about sensory data on lucerne (which is mainly used for animal feed) as an underutilised protein source for human consumption in South Africa (SA). Developing tasteless lucerne products is meaningless. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the descriptive sensory profile and consumers’ acceptability of lucerne. Design/methodology/approach – Three lucerne cultivars and one spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) cultivar were used: first, to determine sensory descriptive attributes by generic descriptive analysis; and second, to determine consumers’ acceptance of lucerne, which were evaluated for degree of liking for aroma, taste, mouthfeel and overall acceptability with a nine-point hedonic scale. Principal component analysis of attributes for all the lucerne cultivars was applied to identify any factors differentiating between these cultivars. Findings – “SA Standard” showed the lowest value, of the lucerne samples, for fibrous appearance, chewy and fibrous mouthfeel, bitter taste and bitter and metallic aftertaste. “SA Standard” was the most acceptable lucerne cultivar, indicating its application in future studies to profile new emerging cultivars. Originality/value – No sensory analysis studies have been performed on South African lucerne cultivars to determine their sensory acceptability. These cultivars could have potential for food nutritionists, food scientists and food product developers and the commercial market.

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