scholarly journals Challenges in enhancing physical performance in thoracic cancer cachexia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tateaki Naito
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Thoracic Cancer

scholarly journals Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Dunne ◽  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Grant R. Williams ◽  
Aminah Jatoi ◽  
Karen M. Mustian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Geriatric Oncology ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Older Patient ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Patient Reported

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by weight loss with accompanying loss of muscle and/or fat mass and leads to impaired patient function and physical performance and is associated with a poor prognosis. It is prevalent in older adults with cancer; age-associated physiologic muscle wasting and weakness, also known as sarcopenia, can compound deficits associated with cancer cachexia in older adults and makes studying this condition more complex in this population. Multiple measurement options are available to assess the older patient with cancer and cachexia and/or sarcopenia including anthropometric measures, imaging modalities such as Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Computed Tomography (CT), muscular strength and physical performance testing, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). A geriatric assessment (GA) is a useful tool when studying the older patient with cachexia given its comprehensive ability to capture aging-sensitive PROs. Interventions focused on nutrition and increasing physical activity may improve outcomes in older adults with cachexia. Efforts to develop targeted pharmacologic therapies with cachexia have not been successful thus far. Formal treatment guidelines, an updated consensus definition for cancer cachexia and the development of a widely adapted assessment tool, much like the GA utilized in geriatric oncology, could help advance the field of cancer cachexia over the next decade.

Ostarine increases lean body mass and improves physical performance in healthy elderly subjects: Implications for cancer cachexia patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9119-9119 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Evans ◽  
M. R. Smith ◽  
J. E. Morley ◽  
K. G. Barnette ◽  
D. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Sebum Production

9119 Background: Cancer cachexia results in selective loss of skeletal muscle resulting in weakness, reduced physical activity and a lower quality of life. Cancer cachexia also diminishes response to chemotherapy and survival. Anabolic steroids appear to increase weight and muscle mass in cancer patients, but have the potential for masculinization in women and prostate stimulation in men. A new class of non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) is being developed for use in cancer cachexia. SARMs are designed to have predominately anabolic activity in muscle and bone with minimal androgenic effects in most other tissues. We conducted a randomized phase II proof of concept study of ostarine, the first-in-class SARM, in healthy postmenopausal women and elderly men prior to intitiating a phase II study in cancer patients. Methods: Sixty elderly men (mean age 66 years) and 60 postmenopausal women (mean age 63 years) were randomly assigned to ostarine 0.1, 0.3, 1 mg, 3 mg or placebo for three months. The primary end point was change from baseline to three months in total lean body mass (LBM) measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The key secondary end point was a stair climb functional performance test that measured speed and power exerted. Evaluations included laboratory safety assessments and additional assessments of androgenic activity including PSA, sebum production and luteinizing hormone. Results: Ostarine treatment resulted in a dose dependent increase in total LBM, with an increase of 1.4 kg compared to placebo (p<0.001) at the 3 mg dose. Increased LBM translated to an improvement in the stair climb test in both speed (+15.5% ± 12.9 faster time, p=0.006) and power (+25.5% ± 20.3 watts, p=0.005). There were no serious adverse events reported. There were no significant changes in PSA, sebum production or luteinizing hormone. Conclusions: Ostarine improves LBM and physical performance in healthy older men and women. Ostarine had no unwanted androgenic side effects. A phase II study is planned to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ostarine in patients with cancer cachexia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Obesity among Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Md Rizwanul Ahsan ◽  
Sabrina Makbul ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Family Based

Background: Now a days unhealthy lifestyle primarily responsible for the dramatic increase obesity among children and adolescents. Objective: The purpose of the study is to see the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention to reduce obese children and adolescents. The main outcome was cardiometabolic risk based on the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) measurement. Secondary outcomes were (1) changes in body composition; (2) adherence to a Mediterranean diet; and (3) physical performance. Methods: The study involved 64 overweight/obese children or adolescents conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital from October 2017 to September 2018. The intervention was multidisciplinary including nutrition, exercise, and psychological aspects based on a family-based approach; it was delivered for six months for children and three months for adolescents. Before and after the intervention, several anthropometric measures height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition, cardiometabolic risk index waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and dietary habits of the participants and their families were evaluated. In addition, a set of functional motor fitness tests was performed to evaluate physical performance measures. Results: After the intervention both children and adolescents showed a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and WHTR index and an improvement of fat-free mass, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness performance. Conclusion: A short term family-based multidisciplinary approach is effective in ameliorating the health status, dietary habits, and physical performance in children and adolescents. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 111-118

Effects of calcifediol versus cholecalciferol on 25(OH)D3 serum levels, appendicular muscle strength, and physical performance in post-menopausal women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antimo Moretti ◽  
Sire Alessandro de ◽  
Dario Calafiore ◽  
Raffaele Gimigliano ◽  
Francesca Gimigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal
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