Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the male reproductive system

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Leisegang ◽  
Ralf Henkel ◽  
Ashok Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Male (In)Fertility

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pinho ◽  
Sandra Rebelo ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Exceptional Set ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
The Impact

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among nanoscale materials, attracting increasing attention owing to their exceptional set of characteristics, which makes these engineered nanoparticles a great option for improving the quality and effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment. The capacity of ZnO NPs to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and apoptosis represents a promise for their use in both cancer therapy and microbial treatment. However, their intrinsic toxicity together with their easy entrance and accumulation in organism have raised some concerns regarding the biomedical use of these NPs. Several studies have reported that ZnO NPs might induce cytotoxic effects on the male reproductive system, compromising male fertility. Despite some advances in this area, the knowledge of the effects of ZnO NPs on male fertility is still scarce. Overall, a brief outline of the major ZnO NPs biomedical applications and promises in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic use will also be explored. Further, this review intends to discuss the effect of ZnO NPs exposure on the male reproductive system and speculate their effects on male (in)fertility.

scholarly journals The Impact of Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome on the Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drahomira Holmannova ◽  
Lenka Borska ◽  
Ctirad Andrys ◽  
Pavel Borsky ◽  
Jan Kremlacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Impact

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease associated with a wide range of comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Serum calprotectin, ANGPTL8, and oxidative damage to nucleic acids might be associated with both diseases. The presented study describes the influence of psoriasis and MetS on the serum levels of markers of systemic inflammation (calprotectin and ANGPTL8) and markers of oxidative damage to nucleic acids. The applicability of serum levels of calprotectin and ANGPTL8 for monitoring of the activity of psoriasis (diagnostic markers) is also evaluated. Methods. Clinical examination (PASI score, MetS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Serum calprotectin, ANGPTL8, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyguanine. Results and Conclusions. The psoriasis significantly increased the serum level of calprotectin and the serum level of oxidative damage to nucleic acids, however not the serum level of ANGPTL8. The presence of MetS did not significantly affect the serum levels of calprotectin, ANGPTL8, and oxidative damage to nucleic acids in either psoriasis patients or controls. It seems that the serum level of calprotectin (but not the serum level of ANGPTL8) could be used as a biomarker for monitoring the activity of psoriasis.

scholarly journals O-037 The impact of COVID-19 on male fertility: what do we know?”

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pacey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract text Since the very early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern has been raised about the possibility of damage to the male reproductive system in those men who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. This was first raised by the early observation (January 2020) that the route of infection was via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor present on host cells. ACE-2 was first described in the year 2000 and subsequently shown in 2004 to be selectively expressed in the Leydig cells of the adult testis. This opens up the possibility that although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, it may also infect the male reproductive system. The authors of several review articles have proposed that male fertility may be theoretically impacted by SARS-CoV-2 in a number of ways. This includes alteration of: (i) testicular architecture; (ii) reproductive hormone profiles (LH/FSH); (iii) spermatogenesis as evidenced by changes to ejaculate quality; (iv) sperm function (e.g., DNA damage); (v) sexual/erectile function; or a combination of all five. Clearly each of these individually may impact on the chance of pregnancy or live birth either in natural or medically assisted reproduction. There is also the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted sexually if sufficient numbers of SARS-CoV-2 are found in semen. Reassuringly, of 14 studies published to date, there is little evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is present in semen and so the possibility of sexual transmission in patient or donor samples can probably be discounted. However, there is currently an incomplete picture of whether semen quality is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection as studies are often limited by the fact that no pre-infection control samples are available for direct comparison or they are too short to identify any long-term effects. Nevertheless, the few case-controlled studies published which compare semen quality infected with non-infected (control) individuals suggest that there may be a statistically significant alteration in sperm concentration and motility, although it is not clear whether this is linked to infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus or simply a consequence of febrile illness and fever (or medication given to combat the infection). There is currently a lack of long-term data on any impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive hormones (although much speculation about the role that testosterone might play in the severity of disease). There are also emerging reports of increased risk of erectile dysfunction in men following SARS-CoV-2. In terms of birth rates, it is simply too early to tell whether these have been affected by the pandemic, given the possibility of lockdown affecting sexual behaviour in fertile couples and IVF clinic closures in infertile couples. In conclusion, although the COVID-19 pandemic has infected over 130 million people worldwide we still know too little about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system. Given the incidence of long-COVID, and the asymptomatic nature of the infection for some, it is important to commission and conduct long-term studies which can monitor the reproductive outcomes of young men who have survived a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Effects of monosodium glutamate on testicular structural and functional alterations induced by quinine therapy in rat: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Kianifard ◽  
Seyyed Maysam Mousavi Shoar ◽  
Morteza Fallah Karkan ◽  
Ahmed Aly
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Quinine (QU) as an anti-malarial drug induces alterations in testicular tissue. Toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the male reproductive system have been recognized. Objective: To investigate the impact of MSG administration on the intensity of gonadotoxicity of QU. Materials and Methods: Sixty eight-wk old Wistar rats weighing 180-200 gr were divided into six groups (n = 10/each): the first group as a control; the second and third groups received low and high doses of MSG (2 & 4 gr/kg i.p.), respectively, for 28 days; the fourth group received QU for seven days (25 mg/kg); and in the fifth and sixth groups, QU was gavaged following the MSG administration (MSG + QU) from day 22 to day 28. Serum testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Testes samples were prepared for tissue MDA levels, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry of p53. Sperm analysis was performed on cauda epididymis. Results: Serum and tissue MDA levels were increased in treated groups compared to the control group. This increment was higher in the MSG + QU groups. The testosterone levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) in all treated groups. In addition, histomorphometric indices and tubular epithelium population were reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) in QU, MSG + QU, and consequently in high-dose MSG, QU, MSG + QU groups. All spermatogenic indices were reduced in the treated groups, particularly in the MSG + QU groups. Sperm motility and viability indices were reduced significantly (p = 0.003) in the MSG + QU groups. Finally, the overexpression of p53 was observed in the MSG + QU groups. Conclusion: The administration of MSG before and during QU therapy may intensify testicular tissue alterations. Key words: Male reproductive system, Monosodium glutamate, Quinine hydrochloride, Rat.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of COVID 19 on male fertility: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Ankita Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
S Protein ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is presently a global pandemic; it is mainly an acute respiratory infection. It can affect various organs of the body, primarily the lung, GI tract, and CVS and can even affect the urinary system and male reproductive system. A systematic search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus was performed using the keywords and Boolean operators. There were 55 studies, which were found to be relevant to the search conducted in the above-mentioned databases. Out of the 55 studies, 32 were identified to be fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the review. Recent studies have conflicting results on the presence of COVID-19 in the semen of patients who were reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive for COVID-19. Majority studies negate COVID-19 infection in semen as per RT-PCR, but semen parameters are adversely affected especially in moderate cases. One study states that RT-PCR is positive in few semen samples of severe cases. Testes have high angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and transmembrane serine protease 2 is essential for priming of the spike (S) protein in COVID-19 virus and it is concentrated in spermatogonia and spermatids, which means if spermatogonia is infected with COVID-19 and it hampers the spermatogenesis, it can lead to dysfunction of the male reproductive system. There is evidence of high ACE2 expression in renal tubules, which means there can be renal tubular damage because of COVID-19 infection and there is a possibility of shedding of virus in urine. The COVID-19 detected in the semen could also be because of shedding of virus from the urinary tract in men. The authors thus conclude that there is a need larger study to answer the questions like whether the COVID-19 infection just present in the semen or it is attached to the spermatozoa or its present inside the cells because of interaction of COVID-19 S protein and ACE2 receptor on the spermatogonia. If COVID-19 infection is detected in the semen, then whether it can be removed from the semen by the sperm washing techniques and is it safe to use in ART procedures or any other fertility treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Male Reproduction

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Tian ◽  
Li-quan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
The Impact

Invasion or damage of the male reproductive system is one of the reported outcomes of viral infection. Current studies have documented that SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, can damage the male reproductive system in large part by inflammatory damage caused by cytokine storm. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 can infect the human testis directly and enter semen is controversial. Other adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproduction are also of concern and require comprehensive evaluation. Here, we analyze the invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 in the testis and examine reported mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interferes with male reproduction. Long-term implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproduction are also discussed. It should be emphasized that although COVID-19 may induce testicular damage, substantial decrease in male reproductive capacity awaits clinical evidence. We propose that there is an urgent need to track male COVID-19 patients during their recovery. Development of suitable experimental models, including human reproductive organoids, will be valuable to further investigate viral impact on reproduction for current and future pandemics.

Impact of Inflammation on Atrial Fibrillation in patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylber Jani ◽  
Kastriot Haxhirexha ◽  
Nehat Baftiu ◽  
Bekim Pocesta ◽  
Atila Rexhepi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Remodeling ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Inflammation have been involved in the pathogenesis of both metabolic syndrome(MS) and atrial fibrillation(AF). The magnitude of elevations in plasma C-reactive protein(CRP) a marker of inflammation, is probably related to atrial structural remodeling and impaired atrial function.In patient with MS,limited data exist regarding impact of plasma levels of inflammatory markers,such as C-reactive protein on the: type of AF and atrial structural and functional remodeling. OBJECTIVE: We set to analyze the impact of degree of systemic inflammation (assessed acrording to CRP levels),on the type of AF,atrial functional and structural remodeling in patients with MS.METHODS: We conducted an multicenter observational cross-sectional study. Recruited were 425 consecutive participants,with MS and AF(paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF),who attended outpatient visits at 7 general cardiology Health Care Clinics, during 1 calendar year,stratified according CRP-levels:(211 participans with level of CRP ≥3mg/l, and 214, with level of CRP <3mg/l). RESULTS: Permanent type of AF, was more common in participans with CRP-levels ≥3mg/l(54.6% vs.20.5%,p= 0.000),whereas parhoxysmal AF, was more common in participans with CRP-levels of <3 mg/l (9.9% vs.52.3%,p=0.000).Patients who had CRP levels above the cut-off of 3 mg/l,had increased dimension of left atrium{(LA),(4.2±0.3 vs. 3.7±0.2,p=0.000)},higher prevalence of enlargement of LA {defined as left atrial volum index(LAVI) ≥29ml/m2(84.1% vs.48.5%,p=0.002)} and inverse relationship of LA function(defined as left atrial emptying fraction(LAEF <45%, (30.8±3.4 vs.41.9±2.6, p=0.00). There was observed significant association of CRP levels above the cut-off of 3 mg/l and: frequence of persistent AF(OR=8.824,95% CI 1.689-46.100), permanent AF(OR=13.955, 95%CI 2.676 -72.780),increased LA dimension (OR=3.817,95% CI 0.989 -1.544), and decreased LA function.{(expressed by: LAVI >29ml/m2OR=4.014, 95% CI 2.620-6.152),LAEF <45%(OR=3.323,95%CI 2.062 -5.351) and LAVI>29 + LAEF-reduced (OR=3.354,95% CI 1.693 - 6.646)}.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Metabolic Syndrome,degree of systemic inflammation have significant impact on clinical presentation of Atrial Fibrillation,atrial functional and structural remodeling .

scholarly journals Antidiabetic therapies and male reproductive function: where do we stand?

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. R13-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Tavares ◽  
S Escada-Rebelo ◽  
A F Silva ◽  
M I Sousa ◽  
J Ramalho-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Antidiabetic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes mellitus has been increasing at alarming rates in recent years, thus jeopardizing human health worldwide. Several antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in the market to manage glycemic levels, and proven effective in avoiding, minimizing or preventing the appearance or development of diabetes mellitus-related complications. However, and despite the established association between such pathology and male reproductive dysfunction, the influence of these therapeutic interventions on such topics have been scarcely explored. Importantly, this pathology may contribute toward the global decline in male fertility, giving the increasing preponderance of diabetes mellitus in young men at their reproductive age. Therefore, it is mandatory that the reproductive health of diabetic individuals is maintained during the antidiabetic treatment. With this in mind, we have gathered the available information and made a critical analysis regarding the effects of several antidiabetic drugs on male reproductive function. Unlike insulin, which has a clear and fundamental role on male reproductive function, the other antidiabetic therapies' effects at this level seem incoherent. In fact, studies are highly controversial possibly due to the different experimental study approaches, which, in our opinion, suggests caution when it comes to prescribing such drugs to young diabetic patients. Overall, much is still to be determined and further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these antidiabetic strategies on male reproductive system. Aspects such as the effects of insulin levels variations, consequent of insulin therapy, as well as what will be the impact of the side effect hypoglycemia, common to several therapeutic strategies discussed, on the male reproductive system are still to be addressed.

scholarly journals Significance of the pineal gland hormone melatonin in maintaining the health of women of reproductive age (a review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
M. V. Danilova ◽  
E. N. Usoltseva
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

Introduction. Maintaining women's reproductive health is an important task that requires safe approaches based on the pathogenesis. More and more studies address the role of the pineal gland (epiphysis) hormone melatonin (МТ) in the functioning of the reproductive system, as well as the impact of МТ deficiency on the women’s health.Aim: to analyze and summarize the available literature about the role of the pineal gland hormone МТ in the pathogenesis of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age (infertility, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, premenstrual syndrome), and also about the impact of МТ deficiency on the health of women working night shifts.Materials and methods. The relevant publications were searched in domestic (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) databases; we looked up the materials published in the recent 7 years. In our search, we prioritized the free access to full text articles. The selection of sources was limited to the period from 2012 to 2019.Results. МТ is involved in the development of follicles by causing the oocytes maturation, promoting the development of embryos, inhibiting the synthesis of steroids in the ovaries and, therefore, reducing the level of steroids in the blood. MT delays ovarian aging through a variety of mechanisms, including the antioxidant action, the maintenance of the due length of the telomere, the upregulated expression of the aging-related SIRT genes, and also the regulation of the ribosome functioning. As MT protects germ cells from oxidative stress, it is essential for normal ovulation, fertilization and further development of the embryo; this hormone has an impact on the duration of the woman's fertility and the onset of menopause. MT has a potential therapeutic effect on endometriosis. The oncostatic role of MT in hormone-dependent breast tumors has been described. Disruption of normal MT production during night shifts is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer in shift workers. MT deficiency leads to circadian desynchronosis and may cause both somatic disorders (metabolic syndrome, obesity, oncopathology) and neuroendocrine dysregulation of the female reproductive system.Conclusion. The variety of physiological functions of the pineal gland hormone MT emphasizes the pathogenetic role of its deficiency in many gynecological and somatic diseases. Of particular relevance is the increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, the development of metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in women who work night shifts. Therefore, it is important both to maintain normal endogenous level of MT and also use its therapeutic potential to maintain the health of women of reproductive age.

scholarly journals Causes and Factors of Male Infertility

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Kolesnikova ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov ◽  
N. A. Kurashova ◽  
T. A. Bairova
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
The Impact

The preservation of reproductive health of the population is an important factor of demographic policy of the state. According to some authors from 14 to 30% of couples of reproductive age suffer from infertility, male factor in such marriages is detected in more than half of the cases. As you know, in recent years there has been a significant deterioration in the main indicators of reproductive function of men. Increased the number of andrological diseases, morphological disorders of the male reproductive system, almost halved the production of sperm in men of reproductive age. The reason probably lies behind a whole range of stress factors, such as medical ignorance, uncontrolled and inappropriate use of medication, metabolic disturbances, lack of vitamins and minerals, the impact of industrial pollutants, as well as the growth of addictive disorders (alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction). The forms of infertility differ according to its etiology and severity from minor changes to complete spermatogenesis dysfunction of the gonads, and can also occur due to genetic disorders. The lack of analysis of the relationship between clinical and genetic-biochemical components in men with infertility makes it impossible to understand the pathogenesis of infertility and to assess the risks of male infertility. High level of current medicine does not always guarantee an identification of the cause of male infertility. The article analyzes data from the review of specialized literature on the diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of male infertility. Frequency and clinical signs of pathology of the male reproductive system depend on the combinatorial effects of environmental influences, manifested most often in mutually reinforcing effect. A combination of several, seemed to be imperceptible factors makes the risk of development of male reproductive pathology very high. This situation compels specialists to conduct comprehensive studies on the men reproductive potential.

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