Holding Land, Claiming Kin: The Relation Between Race, Land, and Kinship in the Southern US and Barbados

Antipode ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Franzen ◽  
Lia T. Bascomb
Keyword(s):  
Southern Us

scholarly journals Real-World Utilization of Oral Anticancer Agents Costs in Older Adults with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Wilson ◽  
Lisa Spees ◽  
Jessica Pritchard ◽  
Melissa A. Greiner ◽  
Charles D. Scales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Oral Anticancer Agents

Background: Substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in metastatic RCC (mRCC) have persisted following the introduction of targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs). The relationship between patient characteristics and OAA access and costs that may underlie persistent disparities in mRCC outcomes have not been examined in a nationally representative patient population. Methods: Retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2007–2015 over age 65 with Medicare part D prescription drug coverage. Associations between patient characteristics, OAA receipt, and associated costs were analyzed in the 12 months following mRCC diagnosis and adjusted to 2015 dollars. Results: 2,792 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 32.4%received an OAA. Most patients received sunitinib (57%) or pazopanib (28%) as their first oral therapy. Receipt of OAA did not differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic indicators. Patients of advanced age (>  80 years), unmarried patients, and patients residing in the Southern US were less likely to receive OAAs. The mean inflation-adjusted 30-day cost to Medicare of a patient’s first OAA prescription nearly doubled from $3864 in 2007 to $7482 in 2015, while patient out-of-pocket cost decreased from $2409 to $1477. Conclusion: Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not associated with decreased OAA receipt in patients with mRCC; however, residing in the Southern United States was, as was marital status. Surprisingly, the cost to Medicare of an initial OAA prescription nearly doubled from 2007 to 2015, while patient out-of-pocket costs decreased substantially. Shifts in OAA costs may have significant economic implications in the era of personalized medicine.

Tolerance of Southern US Rice Cultivars to Benzobicyclon

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-665
Author(s):  
Mason L. Young ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Lon T. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Rough Rice

Benzobicyclon is the first 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide pursued for commercial registration in U.S. rice production. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the response of eight rice cultivars to post-flood application timings of benzobicyclon at 494 g ai ha-1(proposed 2X rate). ‘Caffey’, ‘CL151’, ‘CLXL745’, ‘Jupiter’, ‘LaKast’, ‘Mermentau’, ‘Roy J’, and ‘XL753’ were evaluated in response to applications of benzobicyclon. The highest level of visible injury was observed in LaKast at 7% in 2015. No visible injury was detected among other cultivars either year at 2 weeks after treatment. In 2015 and 2016, no more than a four-day delay to reach 50% heading occurred across all cultivars. Rough rice yield was not affected by any of the post-flood application timings of benzobicyclon. A second study was conducted in 2016 at three locations throughout Arkansas to investigate the tolerance of 19tropical japonica(inbred and hybrid) and twoindicainbred cultivars to a premix containing benzobicyclon at 494 g ai ha-1and halosulfuron at 72 g ai ha-1 applied 1 week after flooding. Thetropical japonicacultivars have excellent crop safety to benzobicyclon while application to theindicacultivars, Rondo and Purple Marker, expressed severe phytotoxicity. Benzobicyclon caused less than a 2 d delay in heading to thejaponicacultivars. Rough rice yield of thetropical japonicacultivars was not affected by benzobicyclon while yields of bothindicacultivars were negatively affected. Benzobicyclon can safely be applied to drill-seededtropical japonicainbred and hybrid cultivars in a post-flood application without concerns for crop injury. Benzobicyclon should not be used onindicacultivars as it will cause severe injury, delayed heading, and yield loss.

Differences in final /z/ realization in Southwest and Northern Virginia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Rachel Hargrave ◽  
Amy Southall ◽  
Abby Walker
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
The South ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Southern Us

Two apparently contradictory observations have been made about consonantal voicing in Southern US English: compared to other US varieties, Southern speakers produce more voicing on “voiced” stops, but they also “devoice” word-final /z/ at higher rates. In this paper, regional differences in final /z/ realization within Virginia are investigated. 36 students from Southwest and Northern Virginia were recorded completing tasks designed to elicit /z/-final tokens. Tokens were acoustically analyzed for duration and voicing, and automatically categorized as being [z] or [s] using an HTK forced aligner. At the surface level, the two approaches yield incompatible results: the single acoustic measures suggest Southwest Virginians produce more [z]-like /z/ tokens than Northern Virginians, and the aligner finds that Southern-identifying participants produce the most [s]-like tokens. However, both analyses converge on the importance of following environment: Southwest Virginians are relatively least voiced pre-pausally, and more voiced in other environments. These combined findings confirm previous work showing that Southern “voiced” consonants generally have more voicing than other regional US varieties but also suggest that the dialect may exhibit greater phrase-final fortition. There are also differences within Southwest Virginian speakers based on differences in their rurality, or in their orientation to the South.

scholarly journals The Success of Tree Breeding in the Southern US

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
State University ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Us

Nowhere in the world have tree improvement and silviculture had a bigger impact on forest productivity and value to landowners than in the southern US. The economic impact from almost 60 years of tree improvement in the southern United States has been staggering. For example, over 300,000 hectares are planted each year with seedlings from the breeding efforts with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) by members and staff of the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The present value of continued genetic gains from traditional tree improvement efforts is estimated to be $2.5 billion USD to landowners and citizens in the southern US.

scholarly journals Population structure of eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus from Northern California to Alaska using single nucleotide polymorphisms from direct amplicon sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. G. Sutherland ◽  
John Candy ◽  
Kayla Mohns ◽  
Olivia Cornies ◽  
Kim Jonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACTEulachon Thaleichthys pacificus, a culturally and ecologically important anadromous smelt (Family Osmeridae), ranges from Northern California to the southeast Bering Sea. In recent decades, some populations have experienced declines. Here we use a contig-level genome assembly combined with previously published RADseq-derived markers to construct an amplicon panel for eulachon. Using this panel, we develop a filtered genetic baseline of 521 variant loci genotyped in 1,989 individuals from 14 populations ranging from Northern California through Central Alaska. Consistent with prior genetic studies, the strongest separation occurs among three main regions: from Northern California up to and including the Fraser River; north of the Fraser River to southeast Alaska; and within the Gulf of Alaska. Separating the Fraser River from southern US populations, and refining additional substructure within the central coast may be possible in mixed-stock analysis; this will be addressed in future work. The amplicon panel outperformed the previous microsatellite panel, and thus will be used in future mixed-stock analyses of eulachon in order to provide new insights for management and conservation of eulachon.

scholarly journals Production and application of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the United States since 1860

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-527
Author(s):  
Zihao Bian ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Qichun Yang ◽  
Rongting Xu ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Multiple Data

Abstract. Livestock manure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) play an important role in biogeochemical cycling. Accurate estimation of manure nutrient is important for assessing regional nutrient balance, greenhouse gas emission, and water environmental risk. Currently, spatially explicit manure nutrient datasets over a century-long period are scarce in the United States (US). Here, we developed four datasets of annual animal manure N and P production and application in the contiguous US at a 30 arcsec resolution over the period of 1860–2017. The dataset combined multiple data sources including county-level inventory data as well as high-resolution livestock and crop maps. The total production of manure N and P increased from 1.4 Tg N yr−1 and 0.3 Tg P yr−1 in 1860 to 7.4 Tg N yr−1 and 2.3 Tg P yr−1 in 2017, respectively. The increasing manure nutrient production was associated with increased livestock numbers before the 1980s and enhanced livestock weights after the 1980s. The manure application amount was primarily dominated by production, and its spatial pattern was impacted by the nutrient demand of crops. The intense-application region mainly enlarged from the Midwest toward the southern US and became more concentrated in numerous hot spots after the 1980s. The South Atlantic–Gulf and Mid-Atlantic basins were exposed to high environmental risks due to the enrichment of manure nutrient production and application from the 1970s to the period of 2000–2017. Our long-term manure N and P datasets provide detailed information for national and regional assessments of nutrient budgets. Additionally, the datasets can serve as the input data for ecosystem and hydrological models to examine biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919937 (Bian et al., 2020).

Abstract P247: Culturally Appropriate Cardiovascular Risk Management - Are Physicians Prepared for the Task?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde W Yancy ◽  
Jill A Foster ◽  
Gregory D Salinas ◽  
Andrew R Sanchez ◽  
Linda L Casebeer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Standards Compliance

Background: The CDC advocates improved physician cultural competence to reduce disparities in cardiovascular (CV) health. Cultural competence may be particularly important to establish an effective therapeutic alliance to mitigate CV risk. This study sought to better understand physician elements of cultural competence that can be targeted to improve cardiovascular health in minority populations. Methods: Family physicians, internists, cardiologists and neurologists practicing in the southern US were queried in this survey. Participants assessed their cross-cultural knowledge, skills, attitudes, and training using 5-point scales. Office managers of respondents were then invited to complete a separate survey assessing compliance with 3 Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards relevant to the office setting. Results: Among 697 respondents, 57% considered sociocultural issues important in patient interactions. Prior training was reported by 76%, but 18% considered multicultural health training of little importance. On average, self-assessed knowledge (10 items) and skill (15 items) were moderate. More than 3 of 4 physicians reported little or no knowledge of CLAS standards; more than half reported limited knowledge of traditional healing. Striking differences were noted among physicians of different racial groups with blacks consistently reporting greater self-awareness, knowledge and skill compared to whites (p< .01). Significant differences did not emerge between primary care and specialist physicians. A subset of 124 office practices participated in the CLAS assessment. Though physicians were largely unaware of CLAS standards, compliance was 98% for Standard 1 (culturally appropriate care), 67% for Standard 2 (workforce diversity) and 25% for Standard 3 (staff CLAS training). Conclusions: Physicians and their office staff have modest levels of cultural sensitivity as well as moderate cross-cultural knowledge and skills, but deficits, especially among physicians and particularly as a function of physician race, are present in important areas. Building upon this foundation to achieve greater proficiency in cross cultural care may improve the quality of care and reduce disparities in CV health.

Abstract 17132: Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure: Temporal Trends and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyoo Agarwal ◽  
Brijesh Patel ◽  
Lohit Garg ◽  
Mahek Shah ◽  
Rami Khouzam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Af Ablation ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Comorbidity Burden

Introduction: Recent studies have shown catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) to have better outcomes over medical therapy. While AF ablation is predominantly an outpatient procedure, some patients may require longer hospitalization. Limited literature exists describing the trends of hospitalizations for HF patients undergoing AF ablation. Methods: Using ICD-9 (diagnosis and procedure codes) in nationwide inpatient sample database 2003 to 2014, we identified all HF adults who were admitted with a principal diagnosis code of AF (427.31) (n= 4,670,400) (AF-HF). Among these, we identified those with a principal procedure code of catheter ablation (37.34) and studied the temporal trends of clinical characteristics and outcomes (in-hospital mortality and complications) for this cohort (Table). Results: The overall number of AF-HF patients undergoing AF ablation was 62,653; with an increase from 1,928 in 2003 to 6,860 in 2014 (p trend<0.001). As shown in Table, over this 12-year period; mean age and proportion of females decreased, while there was an increase in blacks, clinical comorbidity burden, admissions to teaching hospitals and southern US region (all p trend<0.001). The overall procedure related complications (vascular, cardiac, respiratory, neurologic) increased, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased from 1.7% to 0.5% (all p trend<0.001). Conclusions: During 2003-2014, the annual incidence of AF ablation related hospitalizations in HF patients increased significantly. Despite increase in clinical comorbidities burden and procedural complication rates, the mortality rate declined.

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