The effect of equal fluoride concentrations in silver diamine fluoride and potassium fluoride on demineralized dentin during pH‐cycling: chemical data

Objective The effects of saliva on demineralized dentin and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) were investigated in vitro. Methods Dentin samples stored in deionized water (DIW), buffer solution (BS), basal medium mucin (BMM), and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) were demineralized for 3 days and immersed in the same storage media. SDF as a 38 mass% solution was applied to the dentin samples for 3 minutes after they had been replaced in their respective medium. Surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results Scanning electron microscopy showed various surface deposits and coatings, including occlusion of dentinal tubules. DIW resulted in the thinnest coating, whereas BMM resulted in the thickest. EDX and XPS showed the formation of metallic silver and silver compounds in all four media, with the greatest formation in BS. XRD indicated that the main product was silver chloride except in DIW. Sulphur was found in BMM and UWS. EDX and XPS detected fluoride and XRD detected calcium fluoride and fluorohydroxyapatite in BS, BMM, and UWS. Conclusion The interaction between SDF and demineralized dentin was dependent upon the storage medium. BMM provided an outcome most similar to human saliva.

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Effect of fluoridated varnish and silver diamine fluoride solution on enamel demineralization: pH-cycling study

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000200005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 88-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽

Maurício Bergamaschi ◽

Kikue Takebayashi Sassaki ◽

Robson Frederico Cunha

Keyword(s):

Surface Microhardness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Fluoride Solution ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Percentage Loss ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Mineral Loss ◽

Silver Fluoride

OBJECTIVE: In the present investigation, the anticariogenic effect of fluoride released by two products commonly applied in infants was evaluated. METHODS: Bovine sound enamel blocks were randomly allocated to each one of the treatment groups: control (C), varnish (V) and diamine silver fluoride solution (D). The blocks were submitted to pH cycles in an oven at 37ºC. Next, surface and cross-sectional microhardness were assessed to calculate the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) and the mineral loss (deltaZ). The fluoride present in enamel was also determined. RESULTS: F/Px10-3 (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 1st layer of enamel before pH-cycling were (C, V and D): 1.61ª; 21.59b and 3.98c. The %SMH (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05) were: -64.0ª, -45.2b and -53.1c. %deltaZ values (ANOVA, p<0.05) were: -18.7ª, -7.7b and -17.3ª. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that the fluoride released by varnish showed greater interaction with sound enamel and provided less mineral loss when compared with silver diamine solution.

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Effect of Using Biomimetic Analogs on Dentin Remineralization with Bioactive Cements

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202003083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Noha Y Sadoon ◽

Salma M Fathy ◽

Manal F Osman

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Total Period ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

The Impact ◽

Demineralized Dentin ◽

Poly Acrylic Acid

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of using biomimetic analogs (poly-acrylic acid and sodium tri-meta-phosphate) on dentin remineralization using two cement materials, the first is calcium silicate based and the second is calcium hydroxide based materials. Two standardized occlusal cavities (mesial and distal) were prepared within dentin after removal of occlusal enamel. Artificial demineralized dentin was induced through pH cycling (8 h in demineralizing and 16 h in remineralizing solutions). Demineralized cavities were divided into four groups; two groups received cement materials. The other groups were first treated with biomimetic analogs then restored with pulp cement materials. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually into two halves. Treated cavities with analogs were stored in simulated body fluid containing poly-acrylic acid. Untreated cavities were stored in simulated body fluid only. Ground unstained sections of demineralized dentin were examined using light microscope. Specimens were examined after 1, 6 and 12 weeks of storage using energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Vickers microhardness was evaluated. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze data statistically. Calcium silicate-based cement group with biomimetic analogs showed the highest statistically significant calcium and phosphorous wt% in addition to highest surface hardness values after 12 weeks of storage. Demineralized dentin ground sections showed increase in light zones after total period of storage. Calcium silicate-based cement showed the best ability to enrich the artificial carious dentin with ions for remineralization. Using biomimetic analogs had a significant impact on demineralized dentin surface hardness improvement.

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Caries-Preventive Effect of NaF, NaF plus TCP, NaF plus CPP-ACP, and SDF Varnishes on Sound Dentin and Artificial Dentin Caries in vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000484483 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 199-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Richard J. Wierichs ◽

Sabrina Stausberg ◽

Julian Lausch ◽

Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽

Marcella Esteves-Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Preventive Effect ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Photographic Images ◽

Dentin Caries ◽

High Caries Risk ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Casein Phosphopeptide ◽

Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to compare the caries-preventive effect of different fluoride varnishes on sound dentin as well as on artificial dentin caries-like lesions. Bovine dentin specimens (n = 220) with one sound surface (ST) and one artificial caries lesion (DT) were prepared and randomly allocated to 11 groups. The interventions before pH cycling were as follows: application of a varnish containing NaF (22,600 ppm F-; Duraphat [NaF0/NaF1]), NaF plus tricalcium phosphate (22,600 ppm F-; Clinpro White Varnish Mint [TCP0/TCP1]), NaF plus casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP-ACP; 22,600 ppm F-; MI Varnish [CPP0/CPP1]), or silver diamine fluoride (SDF; 35,400 ppm F-; Cariestop 30% [SDF0/SDF1]) and no intervention (NNB/N0/N1). During pH cycling (14 days, 6 × 120 min demineralization/day) half of the specimens in each group were brushed (10 s; 2 times/day) with either fluoride-free (“0”; e.g., TCP0) or 1,100 ppm F- (“1”; e.g., TCP1) dentifrice slurry. In another subgroup, the specimens were pH cycled but not brushed (NNB). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ), lesion depth (ΔLD), and colorimetric values (ΔΔE) were calculated between the values after initial demineralization and those after pH cycling, using transversal microradiography and photographic images. After pH cycling, no discoloration could be observed. Furthermore, NNB, N0, and N1 showed significantly increased ΔZDT/LDDT and ΔZST/LDST values, indicating further demineralization. In contrast, CPP0, CPP1, SDF0, and SDF1 showed significantly decreased ΔZDT/LDDT values, indicating remineralization (p ≤ 0.004; paired t test). CPP0, CPP1, SDF0, and SDF1 showed significantly higher changes in ΔΔZDT/ΔLDDT and ΔΔZST/ΔLDST than NNB, N0, and N1 (p < 0.001; Bonferroni post hoc test). In conclusion, under the conditions chosen, all fluoride varnishes prevented further demineralization. However, only NaF plus CPP-ACP and SDF could remineralize artificial dentin caries-like lesions under net-demineralizing conditions, thereby indicating that NaF plus CPP-ACP and SDF may be helpful to high-caries-risk patients.

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The effect of silver diamine fluoride in preventing in vitro primary coronal caries under pH-cycling conditions

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 104950

Author(s):

Parand Sorkhdini ◽

Yasmi O. Crystal ◽

Qing Tang ◽

Frank Lippert

Keyword(s):

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Ph Cycling

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Silver diamine fluoride remineralized artificial incipient caries in permanent teeth after bacterial pH-cycling in-vitro

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2017.09.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 55-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kulnipa Punyanirun ◽

Thanida Yospiboonwong ◽

Thansinee Kunapinun ◽

Panida Thanyasrisung ◽

Chutima Trairatvorakul

Keyword(s):

Permanent Teeth ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Incipient Caries

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The Effect Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive To Demineralized Dentin

Ain Shams Dental Journal ◽

10.21608/asdj.2020.169179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 30-37

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Demineralized Dentin

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COMPARISON OF THE POTENCY OF SEVERAL FLUORIDE-BASED VARNISHES AS AN ANTICARIOGENIC ON CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, AND FLUORIDE ION LEVELS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sri Angky Soekanto ◽

Namira Rosithahakiki ◽

Dewi Fatma Suniarti ◽

Mohamad Sahlan

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Fluoride Ions ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Phosphate Ions ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Golden Standard ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Caries Progression

Objectives: The purpose of this present study was to analyze several fluoride-based varnishes: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), nanosilver fluoride (NSF), and propolis fluoride (PPF). Fluoride-based varnish is proven to act as antibacterial and remineralization agents that arrested caries progression with minimal side effects. SDF, the golden standard for this study, was compared to NSF and PPF, which were made in our own laboratory, to evaluate their ability to release calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions and act as anticariogenic agents.Methods: Human dentin discs were prepared and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16%, 3.66%, and 4.16%), and PPF (3%, 6%, and 10%). The dentin discs were demineralized using a demineralization solution (pH 4.4) for 96 h. Each dentin disc in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoride-based varnishes and then was subjected to pH-cycling for 8 days. The quantity of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions on the dentin discs surface was compared after being detected using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Results: The result revealed that the calcium ion levels in groups NSF and PPF increased significantly compared to SDF. The levels of phosphate ions and fluoride ions in groups NSF and PPF increased significantly compared to SDF.Conclusion: The study concluded that, in contrast to SDF, the prepared NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes were shown to release calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions in this study. Hence, NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes are promising as anticariogenic agents.

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Effects on Dentin Treated with Eluted Multi-Mineral Varnish In Vitro

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601206010157 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert L Karlinsey ◽

Allen C Mackey ◽

Craig S Schwandt

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Control ◽

Acid Ph ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Demineralized Dentin ◽

Acid Challenge

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the non-contact effects of a NaF varnish on the morphology and elemental compositions of sound and demineralized dentin in an in vitro pH cycling model. Methods: 3 mm diameter dentin cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, and ground and polished. Sound and demineralized (in 10 mL unstirred 50% citric acid (pH = 1.2) for two minutes) specimens were divided into four groups (N=6) corresponding to treatments with either water (control group) or non-contact Vanish® 5% NaF White Varnish with tri-calcium phosphate (3M ESPE). For the non-contact varnish group, one 0.50 ml unit-dose was applied to acrylic rods and positioned in the same stopper as three dentin specimens. The four groups were then cycled in a regimen consisting of three rounds of one-hour treatments with each round followed by immersion in a three-minute static acid challenge (0.3% citric acid, pH = 3.8). For each one-hour treatment immersion the test groups were immersed in distilled water. The specimens were thoroughly rinsed with distilled water after each treatment and after each acid challenge. After the last challenge, specimens were rinsed with distilled water and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) overnight. All treatments, acid challenges and immersion in AS solution were performed in an incubator set at 37°C. After three days, the specimens were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: SEM and EDS results demonstrated the non-contact varnish group can provide mineralization benefits relative to the control group for both sound and demineralized dentin substrates. Depositions from mineral eluting from the varnish developed on the intertubular and intratubular regions alike, with the most prominent depositions appearing on initially demineralized dentin. Conclusions: In this observational study, acid-resistant mineral depositions were produced on the sound and dentin surfaces without direct application from a multi-mineral varnish containing fluoride, calcium and phosphate.

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Effects of Different Application Times of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Mineral Precipitation in Demineralized Dentin

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9060070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Surapong Srisomboon ◽

Matana Kettratad ◽

Phakkhananan Pakawanit ◽

Catleya Rojviriya ◽

Prathip Phantumvanit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Chloride ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Control Group ◽

Application Time ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Precipitation ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Demineralized Dentin

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a cost-effective method for arresting active dental caries. However, the limited cooperation of patients may lead to an SDF application time that is shorter than the recommended 1–3 min for carious lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different application times of SDF on the degree of mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin. Demineralized dentin specimens from permanent maxillary molars were treated by applying 38% SDF for 30, 60, or 180 s. Water was applied in the control group. The specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid for 2 weeks, and the mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin was then analyzed using FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDX, and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM). The FTIR-ATR results showed a significant increase in mineral precipitation in the 180 s group after 1 week. However, after 2 weeks, the SRXTM images indicated comparable mineral density between the 30, 60, and 180 s groups. The precipitation of silver chloride and calcium phosphate crystals that occluded dentinal tubules was similar in all experimental groups. In conclusion, an application time of either 30, 60, or 180 s promoted a comparable degree of mineral precipitation in demineralized dentin.

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