Endometrial Cancer State of the Science Meeting

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Kitchener ◽  
Edward L. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Uterine Carcinosarcoma ◽  
National Cancer Research Institute ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
State Of The Science

There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of endometrial cancer (EC) and uterine carcinosarcoma and to develop new treatment strategies to improve outcomes. In recognition of this, a State of the Science meeting on EC was held last November 28 and 29, 2006, in Manchester, United Kingdom. The meeting was cosponsored by the National Cancer Research Institute (UK), the National Cancer Institute (US), and the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup.The objectives of the meeting were as follows: To review current knowledge and understanding of EC and its treatments.To identify key issues for translational research and clinical trials.To identify the most important trials for women with endometrial carcinoma and uterine carcinosarcoma, both those already underway or to be done, for which the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup might facilitate international cooperation.

Treatment Innovations of Opiate Dependence Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. van den Brink
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
New Treatment

Opiate dependence is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial suffering for the patient, his environment and society as a whole. Currently available treatments include abstinence oriented treatment with naltrexone and substitutian treatments with methadone and buprenorphine. However, treatment compliance with naltrexone is very low resulting in low effectiveness. In addition, existing substituation treatments only show moderate effectiveness resulting in a large number of patients showing continued drug use and serious psychological, somatic and functional impairment.New treatment strategies involve:a.the development of long acting opiate antagonists (naltrexone) and partial agonist (buprenorphine) to improve treatment compliance and treatment retention,b.new substitution options such as slow release oral morphine (SROM), oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) and inhalable and injectable diacetyl morphine (heroin assisted treatment: HAT).Recently, a new approach using neurosurgical and neuromodulatory techniques has been advocated to help treatment refractory opiate dependent patients. Finally, certain combinations of farmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions have shown promise for future improvements.This presentation reviews the evidence of existing treatments for opiate dependence and explores the new treatment options for patients not fully responsive to the existing treatment modalities.

scholarly journals The microenvironment in mature B-cell malignancies: a target for new treatment strategies

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 3367-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Burger ◽  
Paolo Ghia ◽  
Andreas Rosenwald ◽  
Federico Caligaris-Cappio
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
B Cell Malignancies ◽  
Accessory Cells ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs

AbstractDespite major therapeutic advances, most mature B-cell malignancies remain incurable. Compelling evidence suggests that crosstalk with accessory stromal cells in specialized tissue microenvironments, such as the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid organs, favors disease progression by promoting malignant B-cell growth and drug resistance. Therefore, disrupting the crosstalk between malignant B cells and their milieu is an attractive novel strategy for treating selected mature B-cell malignancies. Here we summarize the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular interactions between neoplastic B lymphocytes and accessory cells that shape a supportive microenvironment, and the potential therapeutic targets that are emerging, together with the new problems they raise. We discuss clinically relevant aspects and provide an outlook into future biologically oriented therapeutic strategies. We anticipate a paradigm shift in the treatment of selected B-cell malignancies, moving from targeting primarily the malignant cells toward combining cytotoxic drugs with agents that interfere with the microenvironment's proactive role. Such approaches hopefully will help eliminating residual disease, thereby improving our current therapeutic efforts.

scholarly journals Cellular, synaptic, and network effects of chemokines in the central nervous system and their implications to behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ewa Sowa ◽  
Krzysztof Tokarski
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biased Signaling ◽  
New Treatment

AbstractAccumulating evidence highlights chemokines as key mediators of the bidirectional crosstalk between neurons and glial cells aimed at preserving brain functioning. The multifaceted role of these immune proteins in the CNS is mirrored by the complexity of the mechanisms underlying its biological function, including biased signaling. Neurons, only in concert with glial cells, are essential players in the modulation of brain homeostatic functions. Yet, attempts to dissect these complex multilevel mechanisms underlying coordination are still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about mechanisms underlying chemokine regulation of neuron–glia crosstalk linking molecular, cellular, network, and behavioral levels. Following a brief description of molecular mechanisms by which chemokines interact with their receptors and then summarizing cellular patterns of chemokine expression in the CNS, we next delve into the sequence and mechanisms of chemokine-regulated neuron–glia communication in the context of neuroprotection. We then define the interactions with other neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and gliotransmitters. Finally, we describe their fine-tuning on the network level and the behavioral relevance of their modulation. We believe that a better understanding of the sequence and nature of events that drive neuro-glial communication holds promise for the development of new treatment strategies that could, in a context- and time-dependent manner, modulate the action of specific chemokines to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.

scholarly journals Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Cohort Previous to Changes in Tumour Behaviour and Treatment Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
F. K. L. Tournois ◽  
H. J. M. M. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Figo Classification

Nowadays, the incidence of endometrial cancer is rising, especially of high-grade endometrial tumours. Recently, the FIGO classification of endometrial cancer has changed worldwide. Besides that, treatment strategies are changing. The purpose of this study was to analyse the adherence to the national guidelines of cancer treatment and to analyse patterns of disease relapse and survival. We focused on a group of patients () with endometrial cancer, in a time period in which new treatment strategies are not yet completely implemented. Because of multiple upcoming changes in patient characteristics, tumour classification, as well as treatment regimens, a more heterogeneous cohort of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer will appear. From now on, all those changes will have their effects on the followup of conventional endometrial cancer treatment. In our opinion, it is, therefore, valuable to have the current, more homogenous, cohort clearly described.

scholarly journals Clostridioides difficile Phage Biology and Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Heuler ◽  
Louis-Charles Fortier ◽  
Xingmin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Bacterial Gene Expression ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Clostridium difficile, now reclassified as Clostridioides difficile, is the causative agent of C. difficile infections (CDI). CDI is particularly challenging in healthcare settings because highly resistant spores of the bacterium can persist in the environment, making it difficult to curb outbreaks. Dysbiosis of the microbiota caused by the use of antibiotics is the primary factor that allows C. difficile to colonize the gut and cause diarrhea and colitis. For this reason, antibiotics targeting C. difficile can be ineffective at preventing recurrent episodes because they exacerbate and prolong dysbiosis. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in C. difficile also presents a significant threat. The diverse array of bacteriophages (phages) that infect C. difficile could offer new treatment strategies and greater insight into the biology of the pathogen. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding C. difficile phages and discuss what is understood about their lifestyles and genomics. Then, we examine how phage infection modifies bacterial gene expression and pathogenicity. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of C. difficile phages such as whole phage therapy and phage-derived products, and we highlight the most promising strategies for further development.

Endophenotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-192
Author(s):  
David Braff
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Control Designs

Since Gottesman introduced the concept of endophenotypes in schizophrenia research, the endophenotype strategy for understanding the genetics of schizophrenia has been used widely. Endophenotypes are wide-ranging laboratory-based quantitative measures from gene transcripts to neurocognition that show deficits in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives. In addition, these deficits are primarily state related and cosegregate with the disorder. Quantitative endophenotypes, such as working memory, share many genes with schizophrenia itself but have 100 times the efficiency and require about 10 times fewer subjects than case-control designs to reach statistical significance for gene finding. Endophenotypes are also platforms for collaborations with scientists studying key issues including de novo mutations and methylation events in psychosis. In addition, the endophenotypes most commonly used in psychosis research are neurocognitive and tap into cognitive domains that have been identified by the FDA and MATRICS project as targets for new treatment development. Thus, the endophenotype strategy is an exciting and dynamic path for gene discovery and personalized treatment strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Biofilms: Challenges and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Christian Kranjec ◽  
Danae Morales Angeles ◽  
Marita Torrissen Mårli ◽  
Lucía Fernández ◽  
Pilar García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Staphylococci, like Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, are common colonizers of the human microbiota. While being harmless in many cases, many virulence factors result in them being opportunistic pathogens and one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. One of these virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms—three-dimensional communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS). The EPS is composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA, and is finely regulated in response to environmental conditions. This structured environment protects the embedded bacteria from the human immune system and decreases their susceptibility to antimicrobials, making infections caused by staphylococci particularly difficult to treat. With the rise of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, together with difficulty in removing biofilms, there is a great need for new treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our current knowledge of the stages of biofilm development and what difficulties may arise when trying to eradicate staphylococcal biofilms. Furthermore, we look into promising targets and therapeutic methods, including bacteriocins and phage-derived antibiofilm approaches.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prognosticators and Treatment-Related Side Effects in Patients Irradiated Postoperatively for Endometrial Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3613
Author(s):  
Martin Leu ◽  
Jacqueline Possiel ◽  
Markus A. Schirmer ◽  
Andrea Hille ◽  
Stefan Rieken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cancer Center

Numerous clinical trials sought to improve outcomes in endometrial cancer patients with multimodal treatment strategies. We tested the hypothesis that specific histopathological and clinical parameters are prognosticators for outcomes at our Gynecological Cancer Center. A total of 203 patients (median age, 69.5 years) was included. They were irradiated postoperatively (n = 184: Brachytherapy, n = 19: Teletherapy) between 05/2007 and 03/2020. The median follow-up was 37.2 months. As statistical methods, we used the univariable Cox proportional hazards regression, and log-rank statistics. First, we found a significant influence of grading and nodal stage on outcomes. These findings underline the recommendations of more intense treatment in these patient groups, as already reflected in current guidelines. Secondly, we found that patient age had a significant influence on survival be it due to comorbidities and/or due to too hesitant treatment regimen in the elderly. Thus, it should be aimed at particular strategies in treatment of these patients. Lastly, we found very low rates of treatment-related side effects in patients treated with brachytherapy and moderate rates of side effects in patients treated with teletherapy. Overall, our study serves as basis for further improvement of treatment strategies and for conceptualization of clinical trials.

scholarly journals The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiemin Liu ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Chun-Xia Yi ◽  
Qingchun Tong ◽  
Dongsheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Metabolic Physiology ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Brain

AbstractObesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.

scholarly journals Impact of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Drug Resiliency in Lung Tumor: Options in Sight

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Lourdes Cortes-Dericks ◽  
Domenico Galetta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Efficient Elimination

Causing a high mortality rate worldwide, lung cancer remains an incurable malignancy resistant to conventional therapy. Despite the discovery of specific molecular targets and new treatment strategies, there remains a pressing need to develop more efficient therapy to further improve the management of this disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the root of sustained tumor growth. This consensus corroborates the CSC model asserting that a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within a tumor drives and maintains tumor progression with high heterogeneity. Besides being highly tumorigenic, CSCs are highly refractory to standard drugs; therefore, cancer treatment should be focused on eliminating these cells. Herein, we present the current knowledge of the existence of CSCs, CSC-associated mechanisms of chemoresistance, the ability of CSCs to evade immune surveillance, and potential CSC inhibitors in lung cancer, to provide a wider insight to drive a more efficient elimination of this pro-oncogenic and treatment-resistant cell fraction.

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