High CSF Tau-protein concentration in delirium induced by high dose psychiatric medication

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1039-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Windhagen ◽  
Ulrich Wurster ◽  
Stefan Kropp ◽  
Marc Ziegenbein
Keyword(s):  
Tau Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Psychiatric Medication

Management of refractory myeloma: a review.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Buzaid ◽  
B G Durie
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
New Treatment

Management of refractory myeloma represents a common and challenging clinical problem. Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with multiple myeloma do not respond to first-line therapy, and those who initially achieve a remission will eventually relapse. Surprisingly, there is no routinely accepted approach to patients with refractory disease. Therefore, we review the literature in an attempt to provide an overview of the published results and outline our treatment recommendations for such patients. We suggest the following: (1) for truly resistant patients (ie, those who clearly progress with initial therapy), administration of high-dose or pulsed glucocorticosteroids is the best treatment, with an expected response of 40% (defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in monoclonal [M]-protein concentration); (2) for patients who relapse during therapy or relapse within 6 months of stopping the initial treatment, the VAD regimen (vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) is one of the most effective salvage therapies, resulting in an approximately 75% response rate (greater than or equal to 50% reduction in M-protein concentration); (3) for patients who relapse within more than 6 months of stopping therapy (unmaintained remission), reinitiation of the initial therapy represents an excellent alternative, leading to recontrol in 60% to 70% of patients (greater than or equal to 50% reduction in M-protein concentration). If progression is observed or if there is response and then relapse in this setting, VAD chemotherapy can be administered again. (4) Patients who fail second-line salvage therapies should enter well-designed clinical trials to evaluate new treatment modalities. If this is not feasible, alpha-interferon or "systemic" radiotherapy are recommended in selected cases.

scholarly journals Assessment of the tau protein concentration in patients with tick-borne encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czupryna ◽  
Barbara Mroczko ◽  
Sławomir Pancewicz ◽  
Paweł Muszynski ◽  
Sambor Grygorczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tau Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

Validation of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) and the Importance of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2845-2845
Author(s):  
Meletios A. Dimopoulos ◽  
Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis ◽  
Evdoxia Hadjiharissi ◽  
Argiris Symeonidis ◽  
Eurydiki Michalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Monoclonal Protein

Abstract Abstract 2845 Poster Board II-821 Recently, the IPSS has been proposed as a staging system for patients with WM who require treatment. This system is based on five adverse covariates: age >65 years, hemoglobin '11.5 g/dL, platelet count '100×109/L, beta2-microglobulin >3 mg/L and serum monoclonal protein concentration >7 g/dL. Low risk is defined by the presence of ' 1 adverse characteristic and age '65 years, intermediate risk by the presence of 2 adverse characteristics or only age >65 years and high risk by the presence of >2 adverse characteristics. The aim of our analysis was to independently validate the significance of IPSS not only for overall survival (OS) but also for cause-specific survival (CSS) (i.e deaths unrelated to WM or to complications of treatment are censored). Furthermore, we wanted to assess whether elevated serum LDH may add to the strength of IPSS. From the data base of the Greek Myeloma Study Group, we identified 335 patients with clearly defined criteria for diagnosis and for initiation of treatment who were treated over the last 20 years. Main primary therapies included alkylating agents (43%), CHOP (3%), nucleoside analogues (3%) and rituximab either alone (3%) or in combination with conventional chemotherapy (44%). Before the initiation of treatment the median age of patients was 68 years (range 28 to 89 years). Fifty-nine percent of patients were >65 years, while 75% of patients had hemoglobin levels of <11.5 g/dL, 57% had beta2-microglobulin of >3 mg/L, 33% had lymphadenopathy, 32% splenomegaly, 23% presence of B-symptoms, 12% platelet count of <100×109/L and 6% had serum monoclonal protein concentration of >7 g/dL. Among 152 patients who had died by the time of this analysis, 33 patients (22%) had died due to causes not related to WM, to disease transformation, to myelodysplasia or to complications of treatment. Most frequent causes were second primary solid tumors, celebrovascular accidents, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. For the whole group of patients median OS was 105 months and median CSS was 116 months. Patients were divided into low risk (23%), intermediate risk (38%) and high risk (39%), according to IPSS. Median OS was 161 months, 105 months and 64 months respectively (p<0.01) and median CSS was 172 months, 116 months and 94 months, respectively (p<0.01). Elevated serum LDH >250 IU/L (normal upper limit 225 IU/L) was found in 18% of patients. Serum LDH was elevated in 16%, 12% and 24% of patients with low, intermediate and high risk, respectively. Median OS according to low or elevated LDH was 109 versus 63 months (p<0.01) and median CSS was 116 versus 64 months, respectively (p<0.01). Serum LDH was able to divide high risk patients into two subgroups with different outcome. The median OS was 94 and 35 months, for normal and high LDH group, respectively (p<0.01) and the median CSS was 104 and 36 months, for normal and high LDH group, respectively (p<0.01). We conclude that the recently proposed IPSS for WM is a robust staging system and it is also applicable to patients who received primary treatment with rituximab-based regimens. Elevated serum LDH is an adverse prognostic factor in WM. The combination of high risk according to IPSS and elevated serum LDH identified a subset of patients with very poor outcome. Such patients should be included in trials that evaluate novel agents and new treatment strategies including upfront high dose therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Mutation in microtubule-associated protein tau MAPT coding gene and its correlation with Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5150-5157
Author(s):  
Sabah Subhi Ismael ◽  
Sarab D. Al-Shamaa
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Protein Tau ◽  
Microtubule Associated Protein Tau ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Healthy Control

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neuronal dysfunction characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in daily activities. Disturbances in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression result in disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The study aims are to highlight the correlation between MAPT gene's exons mutations and AD. Beside the possibility of utilizing serum's tau protein concentration as an indicator for AD due to the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary filaments of highly phosphorylated Tau in AD patient's brain. DNA had been extracted from participant's blood that divided into three groups 30 participants in each ,AD patients ,Positive family history and healthy or control groups. The results of this research showed that serum's Tau protein concentration in AD patient group was significantly higher than healthy control and positive family history group and according to this result serum's tau concentration could be utilized as a good indicator for AD .Beside mutation in each 1,9 and 13 exons had been identified by PCR product analysis utilizing specific primers for each , Amplification PCR products in exon (1) showed 428bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 26.66% and in positive family history for AD group does not exist in 23.33%, In exon (9) PCR product of 604bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 53.33%, and in positive family history group does not exist in 43.33%. While amplification PCR product of exon 13 showed 299bps band in all healthy control and positive family history but not in AD patient group instead it band in 263bp had been appeared in 36.66%. These results confirmed the important role of tau protein and its coding gene in the pathology of AD.

Neuroprotective Effect of Fucoxanthin against Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) Induced Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadev Dhami ◽  
Khadga Raj ◽  
Shamsher Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive functions caused by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, change in neuro- transmitter levels, and excessive deposition of Aβ(1–42) plaques. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. Objective: In the present study, fucoxanthin was employed as a protective strategy in Intracere- broventricular Streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) induced experimental model of cognitive impairment. Methods: STZ was injected twice ICV (3 mg/kg) on alternate days 1 and 3, and Wistar rats were evaluated for the memory analysis using Morris water maze and elevated plus-maze. Fucoxanthin at low 50 mg/kg, p.o. and high dose 100 mg/kg, p.o. was administered for 14 days. All animals were sacrificed on day 29, and brain hippocampus tissue after isolation was used for biochemical (MDA, nitrite, GSH, SOD and Catalase), neuroinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), neurotrans- mitters (ACh, GABA Glutamate), Aβ(1–42) and Tau protein measurements. Results: STZ-infused rats showed significant impairment in learning and memory, increased oxida- tive stress (MDA, nitrite), reduced antioxidant defense (GSH, SOD and Catalase), promoted cy- tokine release, and change in neurotransmitter levels. However, fucoxanthin improved cognitive functions, restored antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory markers dose-dependently, and res- tored neurotransmitters concentration. Conclusion: The finding of the current study suggests that fucoxanthin could be the promising compound for improving cognitive functions through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuropro- tective mechanisms, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities, Aβ(1–42) accu- mulation, and tau protein.

scholarly journals Double-Blind Randomised Proof-of-Concept Trial of Canakinumab in Patients with COVID-19 Associated Cardiac Injury and Heightened Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C Cremer ◽  
Calvin C Sheng ◽  
Debasis Sahoo ◽  
Siddharth Dugar ◽  
Robier Aguillon Prada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Aims In COVID-19, myocardial injury is associated with systemic inflammation and higher mortality. Our aim was to perform a proof of concept trial with canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-1β, in patients with COVID-19, myocardial injury, and heightened inflammation. Methods and Results This trial required hospitalisation due to COVID-19, elevated troponin, and a C reactive protein concentration more than 50 mg/L. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement at day 14, defined as either an improvement of two points on a seven category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital. The secondary endpoint was mortality at day 28. Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to canakinumab 600 mg (n = 15), canakinumab 300 mg (n = 14), or placebo (n = 16). There was no difference in time to clinical improvement compared to placebo (recovery rate ratio (RRR) for canakinumab 600 mg 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-2.91; RRR for canakinumab 300 mg 0.61, 95% CI 0.23-1.64). At day 28, 3 (18.8%) of 15 patients had died in the placebo group, compared with 3 (21.4%) of 14 patients with 300 mg canakinumab, and 1 (6.7%) of 15 patients with 600 mg canakinumab. There were no treatment-related deaths, and adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusion There was no difference in time to clinical improvement at day 14 in patients treated with canakinumab, and no safety concerns were identified. Future studies could focus on high dose canakinumab in the treatment arm and assess efficacy outcomes at day 28.

Prognostic Scoring System for Primary CNS Lymphomas: The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group Experience

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés J.M. Ferreri ◽  
Jean-Yves Blay ◽  
Michele Reni ◽  
Felice Pasini ◽  
Michele Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Cns Lymphomas ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To identify survival predictors and to design a prognostic score useful for distinguishing risk groups in immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL). Patients and Methods: The prognostic role of patient-, lymphoma-, and treatment-related variables was analyzed in a multicenter series of 378 PCNSL patients treated at 23 cancer centers from five different countries. Results: Age more than 60 years, performance status (PS) more than 1, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum level, high CSF protein concentration, and involvement of deep regions of the brain (periventricular regions, basal ganglia, brainstem, and/or cerebellum) were significantly and independently associated with a worse survival. These five variables were used to design a prognostic score. Each variable was assigned a value of either 0, if favorable, or 1, if unfavorable. The values were then added together to arrive at a final score, which was tested in 105 assessable patients for which complete data of all five variables were available. The 2-year overall survival (OS) ± SD was 80% ± 8%, 48% ± 7%, and 15% ± 7% (P = .00001) for patients with zero to one, two to three, and four to five unfavorable features, respectively. The prognostic role of this score was confirmed by limiting analysis to assessable patients treated with high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy (2-year OS ± SD: 85% ± 8%, 57% ± 8%, and 24% ± 11%; P = .0004). Conclusion: Age, PS, LDH serum level, CSF protein concentration, and involvement of deep structures of the brain were independent predictors of survival. A prognostic score including these five parameters seems advisable in distinguishing different risk groups in PCNSL patients. The proposed score and its relevance in therapeutic decision deserve to be validated in further studies.

Tau protein: a possible prognostic factor in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Frederiksen ◽  
K Kristensen ◽  
JMC Bahl ◽  
M Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Risk Of Progression

Background: Tau protein has been proposed as biomarker of axonal damage leading to irreversible neurological impairment in MS. CSF concentrations may be useful when determining risk of progression from ON to MS. Objective: To investigate the association between tau protein concentration and 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with monosymptomatic optic neuritis (ON) versus patients with monosymptomatic onset who progressed to multiple sclerosis (MS). To evaluate results against data found in a complete literature review. Methods: A total of 66 patients with MS and/or ON from the Department of Neurology of Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, were included. CSF samples were analysed for tau protein and 14-3-3 protein, and clinical and paraclinical information was obtained from medical records. Results: The study shows a significantly increased concentration of tau protein in CSF from patients with relapsing–remitting MS and patients monosymptomatic at onset who progressed to MS, but interestingly no increased tau protein concentration in monosymptomatic ON. The concentration of tau protein was significantly correlated to Expanded Disability Status Scale score. No 14-3-3 protein was detected in any CSF sample. Conclusions: The results of this study invite further exploration of the possible role of tau protein as a prognostic factor to predict progression from ON to MS in future studies.

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