CIRCULATORY CHANGES IN COLD-ACCLIMATION AND COLD STRESS

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. J. Chiu ◽  
K. K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation

scholarly journals Dynamic modelling of cold-hardiness in tea buds by imitating past temperature memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Kimura ◽  
Daisuke Yasutake ◽  
Takahiro Oki ◽  
Koichiro Yoshida ◽  
Masaharu Kitano
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Background and Aims Most perennial plants memorize cold stress for a certain period and retrieve the memories for cold acclimation and deacclimation, which leads to seasonal changes in cold-hardiness. Therefore, a model for evaluating cold stress memories is required for predicting cold-hardiness and for future frost risk assessments under warming climates. In this study we develop a new dynamic model of cold-hardiness by introducing a function imitating past temperature memory in the processes of cold acclimation and deacclimation. Methods We formulated the past temperature memory for plants using thermal time weighted by a forgetting function, and thereby proposed a dynamic model of cold-hardiness. We used the buds of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) from two cultivars, ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Yutakamidori’, to calibrate and validate this model based on 10 years of observed cold-hardiness data. Key Results The model captured more than 90 % of the observed variation in cold-hardiness and predicted accurate values for both cultivars, with root mean square errors of ~1.0 °C. The optimized forgetting function indicated that the tea buds memorized both short-term (recent days) and long-term (previous months) temperatures. The memories can drive short-term processes such as increasing/decreasing the content of carbohydrates, proteins and antioxidants in the buds, as well as long-term processes such as determining the bud phenological stage, both of which vary with cold-hardiness. Conclusions The use of a forgetting function is an effective means of understanding temperature memories in plants and will aid in developing reliable predictions of cold-hardiness for various plant species under global climate warming.

scholarly journals miR-31-5p regulates cold acclimation of the wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus via ascaroside signaling

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Lilin Zhao ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Jacob D. Wickham ◽  
Haokai Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Freeze Avoidance ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

Abstract Background Survival to cold stress in insects living in temperate environments requires the deployment of strategies that lead to physiological changes involved in freeze tolerance or freeze avoidance. These strategies may consist of, for instance, the induction of metabolic depression, accumulation of cryoprotectants, or the production of antifreeze proteins, however, little is known about the way such mechanisms are regulated and the signals involved in their activation. Ascarosides are signaling molecules usually known to regulate nematode behavior and development, whose expression was recently found to relate to thermal plasticity in the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus. Accumulating evidence also points to miRNAs as another class of regulators differentially expressed in response to cold stress, which are predicted to target genes involved in cold adaptation of insects. Here, we demonstrate a novel pathway involved in insect cold acclimation, through miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function. Results We initially discovered that experimental cold acclimation can enhance the beetle’s cold hardiness. Through screening and functional verification, we found miR-31-5p, upregulated under cold stress, significantly contributes to this enhancement. Mechanistically, miR-31-5p promotes production of an ascaroside (asc-C9) in the beetle by negatively targeting the rate-limiting enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomal β-oxidation cycles. Feeding experiments with synthetic asc-C9 suggests it may serve as a signal to promote cold acclimation through metabolic depression and accumulation of cryoprotectants with specific gene expression patterns. Conclusions Our results point to important roles of miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function in insect cold adaptation. This enhanced cold tolerance may allow higher survival of M. alternatus in winter and be pivotal in shaping its wide distribution range, greatly expanding the threat of pine wilt disease, and thus can also inspire the development of ascaroside-based pest management strategies.

Effect of cold acclimation on neuromuscular function of the hand

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Carla L.M. Geurts
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Hand Temperature

The research in this thesis investigated the effects of cold stress on neuromuscular function with the main focus on cold acclimation. In total, 6 studies, 1 field study and 5 experiments, were conducted. The field study showed that during manual work in cold weather, finger and hand temperature can drop to levels that may impair manual function. The first 2 experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of acute local cold stress on force control and to investigate the effect of cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) on neuromuscular function. In experiment 1, it was found that cooling of the hand in 10 °C cold water for 10 min did not improve force control, although neuromuscular function was significantly impaired after cooling. In experiment 2, cold-induced vasodilatation, occurring after 20 min of 8 °C cold-water immersion of the hand, was confined to the finger tip and had no effect on the temperature of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle or its neuromuscular function. A series of cold acclimation studies was conducted to investigate the effect of repeated cold-water hand immersions on neuromuscular function. In these experiments, neuromuscular function was tested before and after 2–3 weeks of daily hand immersion in 8 °C cold water for 30 min. In experiment 3, it was found that 3 weeks of cold-water immersion resulted in a decrease in minimum and mean index finger temperature and CIVD was attenuated. Neuromuscular function was not affected by this change in temperature response. In experiment 4, one hand was exposed daily to cold water and compared with the opposite control hand. Blood plasma catecholamine concentrations were increased after 2 weeks in the cold-exposed hand, but no changes in temperature response or neuromuscular function were found after repeated cold exposure. Thermal comfort after 30 min of cold-water immersion significantly improved after repeated cold exposure causing a discrepancy between actual and perceived temperature and it was suggested that this may impose a greater risk of cold injury owing to a change in behavioural thermoregulation. In the last experiment, core temperature was elevated by bicycling at a submaximal level during the cold hand immersion. Exercise had a direct effect on the temperature response during cold-water immersion, decreasing the minimum FDI temperature and slowing down the deteriorating effect of cold on neuromuscular function; however, exercise showed was no effect on local cold acclimation. It is concluded that local repeated cold exposures may improve finger and hand temperature and subjective thermal ratings, but that these changes are too small to improve neuromuscular function. The best remedy to maintain manual function is to limit or avoid cold stress as much as possible. If sufficient protection of the hands is impossible, core heating through exercise or passive heating may be a solution.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles Suggest a Better Cold Acclimation of Polyploids in the Alpine Species Ranunculus kuepferi (Ranunculaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Eleni Syngelaki ◽  
Claudia Paetzold ◽  
Elvira Hörandl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Cation Homeostasis ◽  
Response To Temperature

Alpine habitats are shaped by harsh abiotic conditions and cold climates. Temperature stress can affect phenotypic plasticity, reproduction, and epigenetic profiles, which may affect acclimation and adaptation. Distribution patterns suggest that polyploidy seems to be advantageous under cold conditions. Nevertheless, whether temperature stress can induce gene expression changes in different cytotypes, and how the response is initialized through gene set pathways and epigenetic control remain vague for non-model plants. The perennial alpine plant Ranunculus kuepferi was used to investigate the effect of cold stress on gene expression profiles. Diploid and autotetraploid individuals were exposed to cold and warm conditions in climate growth chambers and analyzed via transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR. Overall, cold stress changed gene expression profiles of both cytotypes and induced cold acclimation. Diploids changed more gene set pathways than tetraploids, and suppressed pathways involved in ion/cation homeostasis. Tetraploids mostly activated gene set pathways related to cell wall and plasma membrane. An epigenetic background for gene regulation in response to temperature conditions is indicated. Results suggest that perennial alpine plants can respond to temperature extremes via altered gene expression. Tetraploids are better acclimated to cold conditions, enabling them to colonize colder climatic areas in the Alps.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Mechanism Involved in Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faujiah Nurhasanah Ritonga ◽  
Su Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cis Elements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cor Genes ◽  
Cold Induction

Previous studies have reported that low temperature (LT) constrains plant growth and restricts productivity in temperate regions. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and not well understood. Over the past ten years, research on the process of adaptation and tolerance of plants during cold stress has been carried out. In molecular terms, researchers prioritize research into the field of the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway which is believed to be the important key to the cold acclimation process. Inducer of CBF Expression (ICE) is a pioneer of cold acclimation and plays a central role in C-repeat binding (CBF) cold induction. CBFs activate the expression of COR genes via binding to cis-elements in the promoter of COR genes. An ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway activates the appropriate expression of downstream genes, which encodes osmoregulation substances. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of cold stress tolerance in plants from molecular and physiological perspectives and other factors, such as hormones, light, and circadian clock. Understanding the process of cold stress tolerance and the genes involved in the signaling network for cold stress is essential for improving plants, especially crops.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Increases Adipose Thermogenic Activation to Promote Cold Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyu Lu ◽  
Shan Tang ◽  
Chong Xue ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Jiye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Lipid Trafficking ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Cold exposure stress causes hypothermia, cognitive impairment, liver injury, and cardiovascular diseases, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Paradoxically, cold acclimation is believed to confer metabolic improvement to allow individuals to adapt to cold, harsh conditions and to protect them from cold stress-induced diseases. However, the therapeutic strategy to enhance cold acclimation remains less studied. Here, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c efficiently promotes cold adaptation. Following cold exposure, the improvement of adipose non-shivering thermogenesis facilitated cold adaptation. MOTS-c, a newly identified peptide, is secreted by mitochondria. In this study, we observed that the level of MOTS-c in serum decreased after cold stress. MOTS-c treatment enhanced cold tolerance and reduced lipid trafficking to the liver. In addition, MOTS-c dramatically upregulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic gene expression and increased white fat “browning”. This effect might have been mediated by MOTS-c-activated phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway. The inhibition of ERK signaling disturbed the up-regulatory effect of MOTS-c on thermogenesis. In summary, our results indicate that MOTS-c treatment is a potential therapeutic strategy for defending against cold stress by increasing the adipose thermogenesis via the ERK pathway.

scholarly journals Saussurea involucrata (Snow Lotus) ICE1 and ICE2 Orthologues Involved in Regulating Cold Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10850
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Wu ◽  
Lee-Fong Lin ◽  
Hsiao-Chun Hsu ◽  
Li-Fen Huang ◽  
Chung-Der Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
Act Domain ◽  
Snow Lotus

As with other environmental stresses, cold stress limits plant growth, geographical distribution, and agricultural productivity. CBF/DREB (CRT-binding factors/DRE-binding proteins) regulate tolerance to cold/freezing stress across plant species. ICE (inducer of CBF expression) is regarded as the upstream inducer of CBF expression and plays a crucial role as a main regulator of cold acclimation. Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata) is a well-known traditional Chinese herb. This herb is known to have greater tolerance to cold/freezing stress compared to other plants. According to transcriptome datasets, two putative ICE homologous genes, SiICE1 and SiICE2, were identified in snow lotus. The predicted SiICE1 cDNA contains an ORF of 1506 bp, encoding a protein of 501 amino acids, whereas SiICE2 cDNA has an ORF of 1482 bp, coding for a protein of 493 amino acids. Sequence alignment and structure analysis show SiICE1 and SiICE2 possess a S-rich motif at the N-terminal region, while the conserved ZIP-bHLH domain and ACT domain are at the C-terminus. Both SiICE1 and SiICE2 transcripts were cold-inducible. Subcellular localization and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that SiICE1 and SiICE2 are transcriptional regulators. Overexpression of SiICE1 (35S::SiICE1) and SiICE2 (35S::SiICE2) in transgenic Arabidopsis increased the cold tolerance. In addition, the expression patterns of downstream stress-related genes, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, COR15A, COR47, and KIN1, were up-regulated when compared to the wild type. These results thus provide evidence that SiICE1 and SiICE2 function in cold acclimation and this cold/freezing tolerance may be regulated through a CBF-controlling pathway.

scholarly journals Genes underlying cold acclimation in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Samarina ◽  
L. S. Malyukova ◽  
M. V. Gvasaliya ◽  
A. M. Efremov ◽  
V. I. Malyarovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

The article reviews the latest studies showing the diversity of genetic mechanisms and gene families underlying the increased cold and frost tolerance of tea and other plant species. It has been shown that cell responses to chilling (0…+15°C) and freezing (< 0°C) are not the same and gene expression under cold stress is genotype-specific. In recent decades, progress has been made in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the cold response of plants – ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1), CBF (C-repeat-binding factor), COR (cold-regulated genes) pathways and signaling have been discovered. The ICE, CBF and DHN gene groups play a key role in the cold acclimation of the tea plant. The accumulation of CBF transcripts occurs after 15 min of chilling induction, and longer cold stress leads to accumulation of CBF transcripts. It is shown that the transcripts of the CsDHN1, CsDHN2 and CsDHN3 genes accumulate at a higher level in resistant genotypes of tea in comparison with susceptible cultivars during freezing. CBF-independent pathways include genes involved in metabolism and transcription factors such as HSFC1, ZAT12, CZF1, PLD (phospholipase D), WRKY, HD-Zip, CsLEA, LOX, NAC, HSP, which are widely distributed in plants and are involved in the basic mechanisms of tea resistance to cold and frost. The most recent studies show an important role of miRNA in the mechanisms of response to chilling and freezing in tea. The data obtained on different plant species may correlate with the mechanisms of frost tolerance of tea and are the basis for future studies of the signaling pathways of response to cold in the tea plant. The results of the research emphasize the need to further explore the ways in which various genes regulate the tolerance of tea to cold stress to find the molecular markers of frost tolerance.

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