scholarly journals Saussurea involucrata (Snow Lotus) ICE1 and ICE2 Orthologues Involved in Regulating Cold Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10850
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Wu ◽  
Lee-Fong Lin ◽  
Hsiao-Chun Hsu ◽  
Li-Fen Huang ◽  
Chung-Der Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
Act Domain ◽  
Snow Lotus

As with other environmental stresses, cold stress limits plant growth, geographical distribution, and agricultural productivity. CBF/DREB (CRT-binding factors/DRE-binding proteins) regulate tolerance to cold/freezing stress across plant species. ICE (inducer of CBF expression) is regarded as the upstream inducer of CBF expression and plays a crucial role as a main regulator of cold acclimation. Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata) is a well-known traditional Chinese herb. This herb is known to have greater tolerance to cold/freezing stress compared to other plants. According to transcriptome datasets, two putative ICE homologous genes, SiICE1 and SiICE2, were identified in snow lotus. The predicted SiICE1 cDNA contains an ORF of 1506 bp, encoding a protein of 501 amino acids, whereas SiICE2 cDNA has an ORF of 1482 bp, coding for a protein of 493 amino acids. Sequence alignment and structure analysis show SiICE1 and SiICE2 possess a S-rich motif at the N-terminal region, while the conserved ZIP-bHLH domain and ACT domain are at the C-terminus. Both SiICE1 and SiICE2 transcripts were cold-inducible. Subcellular localization and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that SiICE1 and SiICE2 are transcriptional regulators. Overexpression of SiICE1 (35S::SiICE1) and SiICE2 (35S::SiICE2) in transgenic Arabidopsis increased the cold tolerance. In addition, the expression patterns of downstream stress-related genes, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, COR15A, COR47, and KIN1, were up-regulated when compared to the wild type. These results thus provide evidence that SiICE1 and SiICE2 function in cold acclimation and this cold/freezing tolerance may be regulated through a CBF-controlling pathway.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor Gene Family Reveals Differential Expression Patterns and Cold-Stress Responses in the Woody Plant Prunus mume

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Zhuo ◽  
Tangchun Zheng ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Liangbao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Prunus Mume ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Freezing Resistance

NAC transcription factors (TFs) participate in multiple biological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, signal transduction and development. Cold stress can adversely impact plant growth and development, thereby limiting agricultural productivity. Prunus mume, an excellent horticultural crop, is widely cultivated in Asian countries. Its flower can tolerate freezing-stress in the early spring. To investigate the putative NAC genes responsible for cold-stress, we identified and analyzed 113 high-confidence PmNAC genes and characterized them by bioinformatics tools and expression profiles. These PmNACs were clustered into 14 sub-families and distributed on eight chromosomes and scaffolds, with the highest number located on chromosome 3. Duplicated events resulted in a large gene family; 15 and 8 pairs of PmNACs were the result of tandem and segmental duplicates, respectively. Moreover, three membrane-bound proteins (PmNAC59/66/73) and three miRNA-targeted genes (PmNAC40/41/83) were identified. Most PmNAC genes presented tissue-specific and time-specific expression patterns. Sixteen PmNACs (PmNAC11/19/20/23/41/48/58/74/75/76/78/79/85/86/103/111) exhibited down-regulation during flower bud opening and are, therefore, putative candidates for dormancy and cold-tolerance. Seventeen genes (PmNAC11/12/17/21/29/42/30/48/59/66/73/75/85/86/93/99/111) were highly expressed in stem during winter and are putative candidates for freezing resistance. The cold-stress response pattern of 15 putative PmNACs was observed under 4 °C at different treatment times. The expression of 10 genes (PmNAC11/20/23/40/42/48/57/60/66/86) was upregulated, while 5 genes (PmNAC59/61/82/85/107) were significantly inhibited. The putative candidates, thus identified, have the potential for breeding the cold-tolerant horticultural plants. This study increases our understanding of functions of the NAC gene family in cold tolerance, thereby potentially intensifying the molecular breeding programs of woody plants.

scholarly journals miR-31-5p regulates cold acclimation of the wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus via ascaroside signaling

BMC Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Lilin Zhao ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Jacob D. Wickham ◽  
Haokai Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Freeze Avoidance ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

Abstract Background Survival to cold stress in insects living in temperate environments requires the deployment of strategies that lead to physiological changes involved in freeze tolerance or freeze avoidance. These strategies may consist of, for instance, the induction of metabolic depression, accumulation of cryoprotectants, or the production of antifreeze proteins, however, little is known about the way such mechanisms are regulated and the signals involved in their activation. Ascarosides are signaling molecules usually known to regulate nematode behavior and development, whose expression was recently found to relate to thermal plasticity in the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus. Accumulating evidence also points to miRNAs as another class of regulators differentially expressed in response to cold stress, which are predicted to target genes involved in cold adaptation of insects. Here, we demonstrate a novel pathway involved in insect cold acclimation, through miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function. Results We initially discovered that experimental cold acclimation can enhance the beetle’s cold hardiness. Through screening and functional verification, we found miR-31-5p, upregulated under cold stress, significantly contributes to this enhancement. Mechanistically, miR-31-5p promotes production of an ascaroside (asc-C9) in the beetle by negatively targeting the rate-limiting enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase in peroxisomal β-oxidation cycles. Feeding experiments with synthetic asc-C9 suggests it may serve as a signal to promote cold acclimation through metabolic depression and accumulation of cryoprotectants with specific gene expression patterns. Conclusions Our results point to important roles of miRNA-mediated regulation of ascaroside function in insect cold adaptation. This enhanced cold tolerance may allow higher survival of M. alternatus in winter and be pivotal in shaping its wide distribution range, greatly expanding the threat of pine wilt disease, and thus can also inspire the development of ascaroside-based pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of ICE Transcription Factors in Rubber Tree

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Caihong Quan ◽  
Shuguang Yang ◽  
Shaohua Wu ◽  
Minjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Functional Identification

ICE (inducer of CBF expression) is a positive regulator of cold signaling pathway in plants. Identification of ICE transcription factors is important for the sustainable development of the natural rubber planting industry in nontraditional regions where sudden cold waves often occur. In this study, five ICE genes were isolated from genome of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) for analysing tolerance to cold stress. They shared an ICE-specific region in the highly conserved bHLH-ZIP domain and were localized in the nucleus. The HbICEs were different in transcript abundance and expression patterns in response to cold and drought stresses and among different rubber tree clones. Generally, the expression level of HbICEs was significantly higher in the cold-tolerant rubber tree clones than that in the cold-sensitive rubber tree clones. Overexpression of HbICE1, HbICE2, and HbICE4 significantly enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco, which showed a significant increase in chlorophyll content and decrease in relative water content and conductivity at the early stage of cold stress in comparison with wild-type plants. Furthermore, overexpression of HbICE2 and HbICE4, but also HbICE1 enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. The cold tolerance of rubber tree clones is positively controlled by the expression level of HbICE1, HbICE2, and HbICE4.

Fluorescence as a tool in photosynthesis research: application in studies of photoinhibition, cold acclimation and freezing stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 323 (1216) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
High Light ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (at 20 °C and 77 K) and quenching were analysed in relation to effects of environmental stresses imposed by chilling in high light and by freezing and thawing of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. The data indicate that cold acclimation of spinach plants, which leads to increased frost tolerance of the leaves, results in decreased susceptibility to photoinhibition of photosynthesis at chilling temperatures. When plants acclimated to 18 °C and 260-300 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 were exposed to higher light (550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 ) at 4 °C, they developed strong photoinhibition, as characterized by decreased quantum yield of O 2 evolution and decreased ratio of variable: maximum fluorescence (F V /F M ) of photosystem II. The decrease in F V /F M resulted from a decline in F V and an increase in F 0 . The F V /F M ratio was lowered to a significantly greater extent when induction was recorded at 20 °C, as compared with 77 K. The effects related to photoinhibition were fully reversible at 18 °C in dim light. Plants that had been cold-acclimated for 10 days exhibited slightly decreased quantum yield and lowered F V /F M ratio. However, they did not show further photoinhibition on exposure to 550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 at 4 °C. The reversible photoinhibition is discussed as a protective pathway serving for thermal dissipation of excessive light energy. It is hypothesized that such a mechanism prevents destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus, until other means of protection become effective during long-term acclimation to high light. Inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation caused by freezing and thawing of leaves in the dark was closely correlated with inhibition of photochemical fluorescence quenching (q Q ). As a sensitive response of the thylakoid membranes to freezing stress, the energy-dependent quenching, q E , was inhibited. Only more severe impact of freezing caused a significant decline in the F V /F M ratio. It is concluded that measurements of fluorescence induction signals ( F V /F M ratios) provide a sensitive tool with which to investigate photoinhibition, whereas freezing damage to the photosynthetic system can be detected more readily by the quenching coefficients q Q and q E than by F V /F M ratios.

scholarly journals daf-7-related TGF-β homologues from Trichostrongyloid nematodes show contrasting life-cycle expression patterns

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. McSORLEY ◽  
J. R. GRAINGER ◽  
Y. HARCUS ◽  
J. MURRAY ◽  
A. J. NISBET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis

SUMMARYThe transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) gene family regulates critical processes in animal development, and plays a crucial role in regulating the mammalian immune response. We aimed to identify TGF-β homologues from 2 laboratory model nematodes (Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) and 2 major parasites of ruminant livestock (Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta). Parasite cDNA was used as a template for gene-specific PCR and RACE. Homologues of the TGH-2 subfamily were isolated, and found to differ in length (301, 152, 349 and 305 amino acids respectively), with variably truncated N-terminal pre-proteins. All contained conserved C-terminal active domains (>85% identical over 115 amino acids) containing 9 cysteine residues, as in C. elegans DAF-7, Brugia malayi TGH-2 and mammalian TGF-β. Surprisingly, only the H. contortus homologue retained a conventional signal sequence, absent from shorter proteins of other species. RT-PCR assays of transcription showed that in H. contortus and N. brasiliensis expression was maximal in the infective larval stage, and very low in adult worms. In contrast, in H. polygyrus and T. circumcincta, tgh-2 transcription is higher in adults than infective larvae. The molecular evolution of this gene family in parasitic nematodes has diversified the pre-protein and life-cycle expression patterns of TGF-β homologues while conserving the structure of the active domain.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Cotton a DTX/MATE Gene Enhances Drought, Salt, and Cold Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Lu ◽  
Richard Odongo Magwanga ◽  
Joy Nyangasi Kirungu ◽  
Yangguang Hu ◽  
Qi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis

scholarly journals First Report of a Leaf Spot on Snow Lotus Caused by Alternaria carthami in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
S. Zhao ◽  
G. Xie ◽  
H. Zhao ◽  
H. Li ◽  
C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Tianshan Mountain ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Snow Lotus

Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata Karel. & Kir. ex Sch. Bip.) is an economically important medicinal herb increasingly grown in China in recent years. In June of 2005, a leaf spot disease on commercially grown plants was found in the QiTai Region, south of the Tianshan Mountain area of Xinjiang, China at 2,100 m above sea level. Disease incidence was approximately 60 to 70% of the plants during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Initial symptoms appeared on older leaves as irregularly shaped, minute, dark brown-to-black spots, with yellow borders on the edge of the leaflet blade by July. As the disease progressed, the lesions expanded, causing the leaflets to turn brown, shrivel, and die. A fungus was consistently isolated from the margins of these lesions on potato dextrose agar. Fifty-eight isolates were obtained that produced abundant conidia in the dark. Conidia were usually solitary, rarely in chains of two, ellipsoid to obclavate, with 6 to 11 transverse and one longitudinal or oblique septum. Conidia measured 60 to 80 × 20 to 30 μm, including a filamentous beak (13 to 47 × 3.5 to 6 μm). According to the morphology, and when compared with the standard reference strains, the causal organism of leaf spot of snow lotus was identified as Alternaria carthami (1,4). Pathogenicity of the strains was tested on snow lotus seedlings at the six-leaf stage. The lower leaves of 20 plants were sprayed until runoff with conidial suspensions of 1 × 104 spores mL–1, and five plants sprayed with sterile distilled water served as controls. All plants were covered with a polyethylene bag, incubated at 25°C for 2 days, and subsequently transferred to a growth chamber at 25°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Light brown lesions developed within 10 days on leaflet margins in all inoculated plants. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated leaves, and isolates were deposited at the Key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Xinjiang and the Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University. No reports of a spot disease caused by A. carthami on snow lotus leaves have been found, although this pathogen has been reported on safflower in western Canada (3), Australia (2), India (1), and China (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot caused by A. carthami on snow lotus in China. References: (1) S. Chowdhury. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 23:59, 1944. (2) J. A. G. Irwin. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 16:921, 1976. (3) G. A. Petrie. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 54:155, 1974. (4) T. Y. Zhang. J. Yunnan Agric. Univ.17:320, 2002.

scholarly journals The Amino Acid Permeases AAP3 and AAP6 Are Involved in Root-Knot Nematode Parasitism of Arabidopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather H. Marella ◽  
Erik Nielsen ◽  
Daniel P. Schachtman ◽  
Christopher G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Amino Acid Permeases

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an obligate parasite which depends entirely on the host plant for its nutrition. Root-knot nematodes induce the formation of a highly specialized feeding site consisting of several giant cells surrounded by a network of vascular tissues. Nutrients, including amino acids and sugars, are transferred apoplastically from the vascular tissues to the feeding site. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lacking the vascular-expressed amino acid permeases (AAP) AAP3 or AAP6, we demonstrate that disruption of amino acid transport can affect nematode parasitism. Nematode infestation levels are significantly reduced on the aap3 and aap6 mutants. AAP3 and AAP6 act distinctly in the transport of amino acids to the feeding site, as demonstrated by differences in their carrying capacity profiles. Furthermore, analyses of promoter: β-glucuronidase lines show different expression patterns for AAP3 and AAP6 in infected roots. In the aap3-3 mutant, part of the decrease in infestation is connected to a defect in early infection, where juveniles enter but then leave the root. Both aap3-3 and aap6-1 produce fewer females and produce more adult male nematodes. Additionally, detrimental effects are observed in the nematodes harvested from aap3-3 and aap6-1 mutants, including decreased egg hatching and infectivity and lower levels of lipid reserves. The transport of amino acids by AAP3 and AAP6 is important for nematode infection and success of the progeny.

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