Greening China's Wastewater Treatment Infrastructure in the Face of Rapid Development: Analysis Based on Material Stock and Flow through 2050

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxin Hou ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Hiroki Tanikawa
1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
J. Margeta ◽  
J. Pupovac ◽  
B. Ivančić

Dubrovnik is the most popular tourist seaside resort in Yugoslavia. The rapid development of tourism has necessitated appropriate environmental protection, particularly with regard to the coastal sea. Consequently, the city has constructed a plant for the treatment of wastewater and a submarine outfall. The characteristics of the sewerage system and the coastal sea meant that the wastewater disposal system required a specific method of construction and treatment. This paper presents the system adopted for Dubrovnik and the methodology used to choose the system. Special attention is paid to the problems and drawbacks which occurred during design and operation of the system, as well as to the measures undertaken afterwards for reconstruction of the system.


Author(s):  
Marc J. Stern

Chapter 9 contains five vignettes, each based on real world cases. In each, a character is faced with a problem and uses multiple theories within the book to help him or her develop and execute a plan of action. The vignettes provide concrete examples of how to apply the theories in the book to solving environmental problems and working toward environmental sustainability in a variety of contexts, including managing visitors in a national park, developing persuasive communications, designing more collaborative public involvement processes, starting up an energy savings program within a for-profit corporation, and promoting conservation in the face of rapid development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1029.1-1029
Author(s):  
Y. Livshits ◽  
O. Teplyakova ◽  
A. Sarapulova

Background:Telemedicine counseling (TMC) has gained rapid development during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prospect of using this technology in rheumatology was based on the possibility of getting maximum information about the patient during the survey, examination and interpretation of laboratory and instrumental data, that is excepting direct contact with the patient. Several rheumatological clinics have reported on the success of using TMC. However, there is very little data of the difficulties that can be encountered when organizing this process.Objectives:To characterize the identified problems during TMC in rheumatology, to suggest potential directions for their elimination.Methods:Since June 2021, on the basis of the Medical Association “New Hospital”, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 76 TMCs have been performed on the profile of rheumatology in patients aged 29 to 71 years. Of these, 13 applied to the primary TMC, the other patients were preliminarily examined in person. The consultation included the preliminary acquaintance with the examination results, a 20-minute video communication and writing of a conclusion. After each TMC, a survey was conducted between the doctor and the patient, including the identified deficiencies in counseling. The frequency of identified problems is presented as an absolute indicator and as a percentage of the total number of TMCs performed.Results:We noted a high degree of patient satisfaction: 74 (97.4%) responded that they received answers to all. However, according to the doctor, the following groups of problems were identified.[1]Technical problems in 29 (38.2%): most often there were various problems with the Internet, but there were also registered: the end of the charge on the patient’s tablet, the patient was not registered in the electronic queue. Elimination of these violations depends on the work of IT-specialists, but each consulting physician should be prepared for an immediate transition to an alternative form of communication (for example - telephone).[2]Lack of objective examination, leading to the impossibility of correct remote diagnosis - 8 (10.5%). This problem was identified due to the inability to establish the presence or absence of arthritis during the initial diagnosis (6 cases) and to clarify the nature of the rash (2 cases). All patients are invited for a face-to-face consultation.[3]The need to write prescriptions for psychotropic drugs - 12 (15.8%), which under the conditions of national legislation cannot be done in the TMC regime.[4]The time spent directly on remote communication with the patient was 17.2 minutes (from 8 to 31), however, taking into account the study data and writing the conclusion, the total time was 40.7 minutes (from 21 to 73). Thus, it turned out that the average time for remote and face-to-face consultations is the same, while TMC’s payment is only about 50% of the face-to-face consultation. This situation reduces the doctor’s interest in carrying out TMC. The solution to the problem is associated with reducing the time for the documentation process through technical improvements. In addition, of the 9 patients in whom the TMC process lasted 60 minutes or more, 5 were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. It is possible that with a previously established diagnosis of fibromyalgia, only face-to-face counseling should be recommended to patients.Conclusion:The TMC system is promising, however, there are a number of problems that need to be improved, since they can reduce the doctor’s interest in using this technology.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Crook ◽  
D. J. Watson

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere of a potato clamp varied between 0·06 and 0·86%. The sum of CO2 and oxygen concentrations remained approximately constant at 21%. The CO2 concentration increased with time from December to April. This was attributed to increase in the rate of respiration of the potatoes caused by rise of temperature. Wind blowing in the direction normal to the face of the clamp reduced the COa concentration, presumably by causing external air to flow through the clamp coverings. A multiple regression of CO2 concentration on temperature of the potatoes at the time of sampling, and on the mean component of wind velocity normal to the clamp face estimated over a period of 3 hr. before the time of sampling, accounted for 64% of the variance between sampling occasions.Unsaturated compounds were detected in the clamp atmosphere by absorption in bromine; the concentration of these, expressed as ethylene, varied between 0·004 and 0·025%.The magnitude of CO2 accumulation and oxygen depletion in the clamp atmosphere was too small to produce effects of practical importance on the storage behaviour of the potatoes. If the unsaturated compounds were ethylene, the concentration present was sufficient to cause appreciable retardation of sprouting.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Kozminsky ◽  
Thomas Carey ◽  
Lydia L. Sohn

Lipid-based nanoparticles have risen to the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic—from encapsulation of vaccine components to modeling the virus, itself. Their rapid development in the face of the volatile nature of the pandemic requires high-throughput, highly flexible methods for characterization. DNA-directed patterning is a versatile method to immobilize and segregate lipid-based nanoparticles for subsequent analysis. DNA-directed patterning selectively conjugates oligonucleotides onto a glass substrate and then hybridizes them to complementary oligonucleotides tagged to the liposomes, thereby patterning them with great control and precision. The power of this method is demonstrated by characterizing a novel recapitulative lipid-based nanoparticle model of SARS-CoV-2 —S-liposomes— which present the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein on their surfaces. Patterning of a mixture of S-liposomes and liposomes that display the tetraspanin CD63 into discrete regions of a substrate is used to show that ACE2 specifically binds to S-liposomes. Importantly, DNA-directed patterning of S-liposomes is used to verify the performance of a commercially available neutralizing antibody against the S protein. Ultimately, the introduction of S-liposomes to ACE2-expressing cells demonstrates the biological relevance of DNA-directed patterning. Overall, DNA-directed patterning enables a wide variety of custom assays for the characterization of any lipid-based nanoparticle.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Victoria Pérez ◽  
Leandro D. Guerrero ◽  
Esteban Orellana ◽  
Eva L. Figuerola ◽  
Leonardo Erijman

ABSTRACTUnderstanding ecosystem response to disturbances and identifying the most critical traits for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning are important goals for microbial community ecology. In this study, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics to investigate the assembly of bacterial populations in a full-scale municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant over a period of three years, including a period of nine month of disturbance, characterized by short-term plant shutdowns. Following the reconstruction of 173 metagenome-assembled genomes, we assessed the functional potential, the number of rRNA gene operons and thein situgrowth rate of microorganisms present throughout the time series. Operational disturbances caused a significant decrease in bacteria with a single copy of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operon. Despite only moderate differences in resource availability, replication rates were distributed uniformly throughout time, with no differences between disturbed and stable periods. We suggest that the length of the growth lag phase, rather than the growth rate, as the primary driver of selection under disturbed conditions. Thus, the system could maintain its function in the face of disturbance by recruiting bacteria with the capacity to rapidly resume growth under unsteady operating conditions.IMPORTANCEIn this work we investigated the response of microbial communities to disturbances in a full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant over a time-scale that included periods of stability and disturbance. We performed a genome-wide analysis, which allowed us the direct estimation of specific cellular traits, including the rRNA operon copy number and the in situ growth rate of bacteria. This work builds upon recent efforts to incorporate growth efficiency for the understanding of the physiological and ecological processes shaping microbial communities in nature. We found evidence that would suggest that activated sludge could maintain its function in the face of disturbance by recruiting bacteria with the capacity to rapidly resume growth under unsteady operating conditions. This paper provides relevant insights into wastewater treatment process, and may also reveal a key role for growth traits in the adaptive response of bacteria to unsteady environmental conditions.


Author(s):  
Dana Tessier

Organizations are facing many challenges to remain relevant in the face of new technology, emerging markets, and changing consumer behaviors. Many organizations look to become learning organizations with knowledge management strategies to leverage their knowledge assets and continuously innovate their strategies and products. However, organizations struggle to achieve success with knowledge management because their organizational culture does not support knowledge-sharing and must be adapted for this new behavior. Knowledge must flow through the organization, and so, therefore, these necessary behaviors must work within the existing corporate culture. Observations from a case study at a software company are discussed, and a new knowledge management model, the Knowledge Management Triangle, is introduced. The Knowledge Management Triangle is a simple model to explain and implement knowledge management within organizations and is customizable to work within the organization's culture to ensure the new knowledge management behaviors are appropriately adopted.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yichao Ma ◽  
Zengxi Huang ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Kai Huang

In the recent years, we have witnessed the rapid development of face recognition, though it is still plagued by variations such as facial expressions, pose, and occlusion. In contrast to the face, the ear has a stable 3D structure and is nearly unaffected by aging and expression changes. Both the face and ear can be captured from a distance and in a nonintrusive manner, which makes them applicable to a wider range of application domains. Together with their physiological structure and location, the ear can readily serve as supplement to the face for biometric recognition. It has been a trend to combine the face and ear to develop nonintrusive multimodal recognition for improved accuracy, robustness, and security. However, when either the face or the ear suffers from data degeneration, if the fusion rule is fixed or with inferior flexibility, a multimodal system may perform worse than the unimodal system using only the modality with better quality sample. The biometric quality-based adaptive fusion is an avenue to address this issue. In this paper, we present an overview of the literature about multimodal biometrics using the face and ear. All the approaches are classified into categories according to their fusion levels. In the end, we pay particular attention to an adaptive multimodal identification system, which adopts a general biometric quality assessment (BQA) method and dynamically integrates the face and ear via sparse representation. Apart from a refinement of the BQA and fusion weights selection, we extend the experiments for a more thorough evaluation by using more datasets and more types of image degeneration.


2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. R1625-R1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. West

Two opposing selective pressures have shaped the evolution of the structure of the blood-gas barrier in air breathing vertebrates. The first pressure, which has been recognized for 100 years, is to facilitate diffusive gas exchange. This requires the barrier to be extremely thin and have a large area. The second pressure, which has only recently been appreciated, is to maintain the mechanical integrity of the barrier in the face of its extreme thinness. The most important tensile stress comes from the pressure within the pulmonary capillaries, which results in a hoop stress. The strength of the barrier can be attributed to the type IV collagen in the extracellular matrix. In addition, the stress is minimized in mammals and birds by complete separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Remarkably, the avian barrier is about 2.5 times thinner than that in mammals and also is much more uniform in thickness. These advantages for gas exchange come about because the avian pulmonary capillaries are unique among air breathers in being mechanically supported externally in addition to the strength that comes from the structure of their walls. This external support comes from epithelial plates that are part of the air capillaries, and the support is available because the terminal air spaces in the avian lung are extremely small due to the flow-through nature of ventilation in contrast to the reciprocating pattern in mammals.


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